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DOE OSTI2012

Science for Society Workshop Summary Report

Science for Society, a workshop held at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) on September 27, 20111, explored ways to move Laboratory science toward use. It sought actionable recommendations. Thus the workshop focused on: (1) current practices that promote and inhibit the translation of science into use, (2) principles that could lead to improving ORNL's translational knowledge and technology transfer efforts, and (3) specific recommendations for making these principles operational. This highly interactive workshop struck a positive chord with participants, a group of 26 ORNL staff members from diverse arenas of science and technology (S and T), technology transfer, and external laboratory relations, who represented all levels of science, technology, and management. Recognizing that the transformation of fundamental principles into operational practices often follows a jagged path, the workshop sought to identify key choices that could lead to a smoother journey along this path, as well as choices that created roadblocks and bottlenecks. The workshop emphasized a portion of this pathway, largely excluding the marketplace. Participants noted that research translation includes linkages between fundamental and applied research and development (R and D), and is not restricted to uptake by manufacturers, consumers, or end users. Three crosscutting ideas encapsulate workshop participants observations: (1) ORNL should take more action to usher the translation of its S and T products toward use, so as to make a positive national and global impact and to enhance its own competitiveness in the future; (2) ORNL (and external entities such as DOE and Congress) conveys inconsistent messages with regard to the importance of research translation and application, which (a) creates confusion, (b) poses disincentives to pursue research translation, (c) imposes barriers that inhibit cross-fertilization and collaboration, and (d) diminishes the effectiveness of both the science mission and the translation of that science for use; and (3) ORNL should design its commitments and actions for helping move science from the Laboratory toward use to align with one another and should integrate them into its institutional culture in such a way as to elevate research translation and application to coequal status with scientific excellence. Participants made several actionable recommendations for enhancing research translation at ORNL, some of which were particular to specific S and T domains. Among the recommendations that participants agreed apply Lab-wide are to: align metrics and incentives with research translation goals; manage risks and conflicts of interest instead of avoiding them; and create programs (e.g., entrepreneurial leave) that promote interactions between key ORNL staff and industry in ways that complement careers at ORNL.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2015

2014 Penn State Bioinorganic Workshop

The 3rd Penn State Bioinorganic Workshop took place in early June 2014 and was combined with the 3rd Penn State Frontiers in Metallobiochemistry Symposium. The workshop was even larger than the 2nd Penn State Bioinorganic Workshop we offered in 2012. It had even more participants (162 rather than 123 in 2012). Like the 2012 workshop, the 2014 workshop had three parts. The first part consisted of 16 90-minute lectures presented by faculty experts on the topic of their expertise (see below). Based on the suggestions from the 2012 workshop, we have recorded all 16 lectures professionally and make them available to the entire bioinorganic community via online streaming. In addition, hard copies of the recordings are available as backup.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2019

Summary of the 5 th Penn State Bioinorganic Workshop

The 5th Penn State Bioinorganic Workshop took place June 1-6, 2018. The workshop was comparable in scope to those offered biennially since 2012. Like the previous workshops, the 2018 workshop consisted of three parts. The first part consisted of 12 lectures (45-60 min long) by faculty experts on the topic of their expertise. As for the 2014 and 2016 workshops, we have recorded the lectures professionally and will make them available to the entire bioinorganic community via streaming from the workshop website (https://sites.psu.edu/bioinorganic/workshops/). In addition, hard copies of the recordings are available as backup.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Renewable Energy Landscapes: Southwest and Pacific Northwest Workshops

To connect landscape architects and the energy sector, the University of Arizona and the University of Oregon hosted two virtual workshops with support from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in January 2023. These workshops were intended to co-create new principles and perspectives for designing renewable energy landscapes for the Southwest and Pacific Northwest, respectively, balancing place-based perspectives and at-scale deployment. Working across six design pathways through three phases, participants in the Southwest Workshop established and prioritized design opportunities by identifying relevant actions that are high impact, low effort; high impact, high effort; low impact, high effort; low impact, low effort. In contrast, participants in the Pacific Northwest Workshop produced a series of design options for the three sites to support broader efforts to visualize energy infrastructure deployment. The workshop outcomes reflect the current state of innovation in designing renewable energy landscapes. Collective understanding is largely focused on the practical—what is feasible in this moment—rather than pushing the boundaries on what might be possible. Achieving that next step requires that we first catch up to existing innovation in implementation and design since it is not yet commonplace. These workshops served as the first step in reimagining the potential of energy infrastructure across landscapes.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2024

In the Mix : A Workshop Merging Computational Chemistry and Electrochemistry Alongside Data Science

As chemistry expands to more complex and interdisciplinary areas, a new generation of diverse researchers must engage with science and learn effective cross-disciplinary collaboration and communication. To these ends, we designed and implemented In the Mix, a graduate student-led, two-day workshop for undergraduate students promoting collaborative science in the context of energy storage innovations. Here, the interactive workshop was designed for future and emerging researchers to gain hands-on experience with data science, computational chemistry, and electrochemistry techniques that are critical for developing materials for battery technologies. Participants also visited commercial renewable energy facilities to help them connect discovery-based research with industry and broader societal considerations. The workshop content and structure ensured that participants experienced the interrelatedness of the fields and understood the importance of collaborative research to yield scientific advances with real-world applications. An external team evaluated the workshop and participants’ perceptions of their experiences. While our research context was energy storage, the workshop goals and outcomes are applicable to other contexts. Interdisciplinary, experiential workshops are a key avenue to broadening participation in science and research, and the ideas presented here can be readily modified for other scientific contexts and/or incorporated as broader impact activities.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2023

Metagenomic Methods for Addressing NASA's Planetary Protection Policy Requirements on Future Missions: A Workshop Report

Molecular biology methods and technologies have advanced substantially over the past decade. These new molecular methods should be incorporated among the standard tools of planetary protection (PP) and could be validated for incorporation by 2026. To address the feasibility of applying modern molecular techniques to such an application, NASA conducted a technology workshop with private industry partners, academics, and government agency stakeholders, along with NASA staff and contractors. The technical discussions and presentations of the Multi-Mission Metagenomics Technology Development Workshop focused on modernizing and supplementing the current PP assays. The goals of the workshop were to assess the state of metagenomics and other advanced molecular techniques in the context of providing a validated framework to supplement the bacterial endospore-based NASA Standard Assay and to identify knowledge and technology gaps. In particular, workshop participants were tasked with discussing metagenomics as a stand-alone technology to provide rapid and comprehensive analysis of total nucleic acids and viable microorganisms on spacecraft surfaces, thereby allowing for the development of tailored and cost-effective microbial reduction plans for each hardware item on a spacecraft. Workshop participants recommended metagenomics approaches as the only data source that can adequately feed into quantitative microbial risk assessment models for evaluating the risk of forward (exploring extraterrestrial planet) and back (Earth harmful biological) contamination. Participants were unanimous that a metagenomics workflow, in tandem with rapid targeted quantitative (digital) PCR, represents a revolutionary advance over existing methods for the assessment of microbial bioburden on spacecraft surfaces. The workshop highlighted low biomass sampling, reagent contamination, and inconsistent bioinformatics data analysis as key areas for technology development. Finally, it was concluded that implementing metagenomics as an additional workflow for addressing concerns of NASA's robotic mission will represent a dramatic improvement in technology advancement for PP and will benefit future missions where mission success is affected by backward and forward contamination.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2011

Biological Consequences and Health Risks Of Low-Level Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Commentary on the Workshop

This paper provides an integration and discussion of the information presented at the workshop held from May 2 to 5, 2010, in Richland, WA, adjacent to the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Consequently, this is commentary and not necessarily a consensus document. This workshop was in honor of Dr. Victor P. Bond in celebration of his numerous contributions to the radiation sciences. Internationally recognized experts in biophysics, experimental radiation biology, epidemiology, and risk assessment were invited to discuss all issues of low-dose risk. This included the physics of track structure and its consequences to dosimetry, primary and secondary responses at the molecular, cellular, and tissue biology levels, epidemiology, definitions of risk, and the practical and regulatory applications of these issues including their biomedical and social consequences. Of major concern was the present state of knowledge about cancer risk and other risks in humans following intentional or accidental exposures to low doses and low dose-rates of ionizing radiation (below about 100 mSv accumulated dose). This includes low dose exposures which occur during radiation therapy in tissues located outside of the irradiated volume. The interdisciplinary approach of this workshop featured discussions rather than formal presentations in ten separate consecutive sessions. Each session was led by chairpersons, listed in the opening of the workshop, which introduced topics, facts and posed relevant questions. The content of each session is given by a brief summary followed by the abstracts from the primary discussants in the session as has been presented in the previous section. This manuscript provides additional review and discussion of the sessions and tracks the topics and issues discussed as follows: • Energy deposition through particle tracks in tissues. • Energy deposition and primary effects in tissues. • Consequences of experimental advances in radiobiology • Non-targeted radiation effects. • System biological considerations. • Propagation of perturbations in the system. • Immediately operating protections. • Delayed stress response protections • Low-dose induced adaptive protections. • Integrated defenses against cancer. • Endogenous versus radiogenic cancer. • The epidemiological dilemma. • Dose-risk functions for different exposure modalities. • Implications for research. • Implications for regulation and protection. A brief summary of the discussions and results on each of these topics and issues is presented in this paper. Additional details of these discussions are provided in the workshop session summaries grouped into topics and followed by applicable abstracts/synopses submitted by the workshop participants.

Feinendegen, Ludwig E.↗

DOE OSTI2011

Neutrons for Catalysis: A Workshop on Neutron Scattering Techniques for Studies in Catalysis

This report summarizes the Workshop on Neutron Scattering Techniques for Studies in Catalysis, held at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) on September 16 and 17, 2010. The goal of the Workshop was to bring experts in heterogeneous catalysis and biocatalysis together with neutron scattering experimenters to identify ways to attack new problems, especially Grand Challenge problems in catalysis, using neutron scattering. The Workshop locale was motivated by the neutron capabilities at ORNL, including the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and the new and developing instrumentation at the SNS. Approximately 90 researchers met for 1 1/2 days with oral presentations and breakout sessions. Oral presentations were divided into five topical sessions aimed at a discussion of Grand Challenge problems in catalysis, dynamics studies, structure characterization, biocatalysis, and computational methods. Eleven internationally known invited experts spoke in these sessions. The Workshop was intended both to educate catalyst experts about the methods and possibilities of neutron methods and to educate the neutron community about the methods and scientific challenges in catalysis. Above all, it was intended to inspire new research ideas among the attendees. All attendees were asked to participate in one or more of three breakout sessions to share ideas and propose new experiments that could be performed using the ORNL neutron facilities. The Workshop was expected to lead to proposals for beam time at either the HFIR or the SNS; therefore, it was expected that each breakout session would identify a few experiments or proof-of-principle experiments and a leader who would pursue a proposal after the Workshop. Also, a refereed review article will be submitted to a prominent journal to present research and ideas illustrating the benefits and possibilities of neutron methods for catalysis research.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2012

Research Frontiers in Bioinspired Energy: Molecular-Level Learning from Natural Systems (A Workshop)

An interactive, multidisciplinary, public workshop, organized by a group of experts in biochemistry, biophysics, chemical and biomolecular engineering, chemistry, microbial metabolism, and protein structure and function, was held on January 6-7, 2011 in Washington, DC. Fundamental insights into the biological energy capture, storage, and transformation processes provided by speakers was featured in this workshop which included topics such as microbes living in extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents or caustic soda lakes (extremophiles) provided a fascinating basis for discussing the exploration and development of new energy systems. Breakout sessions and extended discussions among the multidisciplinary groups of participants in the workshop fostered information sharing and possible collaborations on future bioinspired research. Printed and web-based materials that summarize the committee's assessment of what transpired at the workshop were prepared to advance further understanding of fundamental chemical properties of biological systems within and between the disciplines. In addition, webbased materials (including two animated videos) were developed to make the workshop content more accessible to a broad audience of students and researchers working across disciplinary boundaries. Key workshop discussion topics included: Exploring and identifying novel organisms; Identifying patterns and conserved biological structures in nature; Exploring and identifying fundamental properties and mechanisms of known biological systems; Supporting current, and creating new, opportunities for interdisciplinary education, training, and outreach; and Applying knowledge from biology to create new devices and sustainable technology.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2012

Fundamental Physics at the Intensity Frontier: Report of the Workshop held December 2011 in Rockville, MD

Particle physics aims to understand the universe around us. The Standard Model of particle physics describes the basic structure of matter and forces, to the extent we have been able to probe thus far. However, it leaves some big questions unanswered. Some are within the Standard Model itself, such as why there are so many fundamental particles and why they have different masses. In other cases, the Standard Model simply fails to explain some phenomena, such as the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe, the existence of dark matter and dark energy, and the mechanism that reconciles gravity with quantum mechanics. These gaps lead us to conclude that the universe must contain new and unexplored elements of Nature. Most of particle and nuclear physics is directed towards discovering and understanding these new laws of physics. These questions are best pursued with a variety of approaches, rather than with a single experiment or technique. Particle physics uses three basic approaches, often characterized as exploration along the cosmic, energy, and intensity frontiers. Each employs different tools and techniques, but they ultimately address the same fundamental questions. This allows a multi-pronged approach where attacking basic questions from different angles furthers knowledge and provides deeper answers, so that the whole is more than a sum of the parts. A coherent picture or underlying theoretical model can more easily emerge, to be proven correct or not. The intensity frontier explores fundamental physics with intense sources and ultra-sensitive, sometimes massive detectors. It encompasses searches for extremely rare processes and for tiny deviations from Standard Model expectations. Intensity frontier experiments use precision measurements to probe quantum effects. They typically investigate very large energy scales, even higher than the kinematic reach of high energy particle accelerators. The science addresses basic questions, such as: Are there new sources of CP violation? Is there CP violation in the leptonic sector? Are neutrinos their own antiparticles? Do the forces unify? Is there a weakly coupled hidden sector that is related to dark matter? Do new symmetries exist at very high energy scales? To identify the most compelling science opportunities in this area, the workshop Fundamental Physics at the Intensity Frontier was held in December 2011, sponsored by the Office of High Energy Physics in the US Department of Energy Office of Science. Participants investigated the most promising experiments to exploit these opportunities and described the knowledge that can be gained from such a program. The workshop generated much interest in the community, as witnessed by the large and energetic participation by a broad spectrum of scientists. This document chronicles the activities of the workshop, with contributions by more than 450 authors. The workshop organized the intensity frontier science program along six topics that formed the basis for working groups: experiments that probe (i) heavy quarks, (ii) charged leptons, (iii) neutrinos, (iv) proton decay, (v) light, weakly interacting particles, and (vi) nucleons, nuclei, and atoms. The conveners for each working group included an experimenter and a theorist working in the field and an observer from the community at large. The working groups began their efforts well in advance of the workshop, holding regular meetings and soliciting written contributions. Specific avenues of exploration were identified by each working group. Experiments that study rare strange, charm, and bottom meson decays provide a broad program of measurements that are sensitive to new interactions. Charged leptons, particularly muons and taus, provide a precise probe for new physics because the Standard Model predictions for their properties are very accurate. Research at the intensity frontier can reveal CP violation in the lepton sector, and elucidate whether neutrinos are their own antiparticles. A very weakly coupled hidden-sector that may comprise the dark matter in the universe could be discovered. The search for proton decay can probe the unification of the forces with unprecedented reach and test sacrosanct symmetries to very high scales. Detecting an electric dipole moment for the neutron, or neutral atoms, could establish a clear signal for new physics, while limits on such a measurement would place severe constraints on many new theories. This workshop marked the first instance where discussion of these diverse programs was held under one roof. As a result, it was realized that this broad effort has many connections; a large degree of synergy exists between the different areas and they address similar questions. Results from one area were found to be pertinent to experiments in another domain.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2013

Report of On-Site Inspection Workshop-20: Debriefing on OSI Build-Up Exercises (BUE) I and II/IV and Preparations for BUE III

OSI Workshop-20, “Debriefing on OSI Build-Up Exercises (BUE) I and II/IV and Preparations for BUE III”, took place on 29 October – 2 November 2012 at the Vienna International Centre. There were a total of 83 participants from both the Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS) and 19 States Signatories. This workshop is part of the planning and preparation process leading up to the 2014 Integrated Field Exercise (IFE14). The opening plenary session provided an overview of the build-up exercises (BUEs) and the overall planning process for IFE14 and preparations for BUE I and BUE II/IV, and the closing session provided a summary of findings. Other sessions consisted of a summary of the preparations for BUE I (launch phase), review and discussion of the execution of BUE I, review and discussion of BUE II/IV (pre-inspection and post-inspection phases), and review and planning of elements of BUE III (inspection phase) and IFE14. BUE I was conducted in mid-April and BUE II/IV in mid-September 2012. BUE III is planned for 26 May – 7 June 2013 and IFE14 for November-December 2014. The purpose of this workshop was to give the participants who took part in the exercises and participants at the workshop a chance to review the preparation and execution of BUE I and BUE II/IV, assess them as to their value to the exercise build-up process, determine what went well and what did not go well, and provide recommendations to help the planning for BUE III and IFE14. This was accomplished by means of presentations by PTS staff and other participants, discussions following the presentations and separate expert working group discussions. The consensus of the participants was that BUE I and BUE II/IV validated the exercise concept contained in CTBT/PTS/INF.1105 (Concept for Preparation and Conduct of the Next Integrated Field Exercise). The many details dealt with in the launch, pre-inspection and post inspection exercises provided an opportunity to test a host of issues prior to IFE14. The exercises showed that the PTS has made considerable progress in developing capabilities in logistics, administration and planning of an OSI since IFE08, and pointed as well to a number of areas where more attention is needed – most notably in the areas of health and safety and equipment checking at the base of operations. A number of areas for which results from the two initial exercises can be applied to BUE III and IFE14 were identified. Also, the review of plans and preparations for BUE III and IFE14 provided the participants with an excellent baseline of information on these two exercises. Probably the most significant impressions that resulted from this workshop are the significant level of complexity involved with preparing the OSI verification regime, the extent of planning involved in the preparation of exercises, and the great value of these types of BUE for assessing and building OSI capabilities. The recommendations section at the end of this report contains the findings of the workshop, grouped into lessons learned from the first two BUEs, proposals relevant to BUE III and IFE14 and issues for the attention of Working Group B.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗

DOE OSTI2014

The U.S./IAEA Workshop on Software Sustainability for Safeguards Instrumentation

The U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration’s Next Generation Safeguards Initiative, the U.S. Department of State, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organized a a workshop on the subject of ”Software Sustainability for Safeguards Instrumentation.” The workshop was held at the Vienna International Centre in Vienna, Austria, May 6-8, 2014. The workshop participants included software and hardware experts from national laboratories, industry, government, and IAEA member states who were specially selected by the workshop organizers based on their experience with software that is developed for the control and operation of safeguards instrumentation. The workshop included presentations, to orient the participants to the IAEA Department of Safeguards software activities related to instrumentation data collection and processing, and case studies that were designed to inspire discussion of software development, use, maintenance, and upgrades in breakout sessions and to result in recommendations for effective software practices and management. This report summarizes the results of the workshop.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗

DOE OSTI2015

Creating Fantastic PI Workshops

The goal of this SAND report is to provide guidance for other groups hosting workshops and peerto-peer learning events at Sandia. Thus this SAND report provides detail about our team structure, how we brainstormed workshop topics and developed the workshop structure. A Workshop “Nuts and Bolts” section provides our timeline and check-list for workshop activities. The survey section provides examples of the questions we asked and how we adapted the workshop in response to the feedback.

Biedermann, Laura B.↗

DOE OSTI2015

Organization of the 16th Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC) Workshop by Stanford University

Essentially all we know today and will learn in the future about the fundamental nature of matter is derived from probing it with directed beams of particles such as electrons, protons, neutrons, heavy ions, and photons. The resulting ability to “see” the building blocks of matter has had an immense impact on society and our standard of living. Over the last century, particle accelerators have changed the way we look at nature and the universe we live in and have become an integral part of the Nation’s technical infrastructure. Today, particle accelerators are essential tools of modern science and technology. The cost and capabilities of accelerators would be greatly enhanced by breakthroughs in acceleration methods and technology. For the last 32 years, the Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC) Workshop has acted as the focal point for discussion and development of the most promising acceleration physics and technology. It is a particularly effective forum where the discussion is leveraged and promoted by the unique and demanding feature of the AAC Workshop: the working group structure, in which participants are asked to consider their contributions in terms of even larger problems to be solved. The 16th Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC2014) Workshop was organized by Stanford University from July 13 - 18, 2014 at the Dolce Hays Mansion in San Jose, California. The conference had a record 282 attendees including 62 students. Attendees came from 11 countries representing 66 different institutions. The workshop format consisted of plenary sessions in the morning with topical leaders from around the world presenting the latest breakthroughs to the entire workshop. In the late morning and afternoons attendees broke out into eight different working groups for more detailed presentations and discussions that were summarized on the final day of the workshop. In addition, there were student tutorial presentations on two afternoons to provide in depth education and training for the next generation of accelerator scientists. This is the final technical report on the organization and outcome of AAC2014.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2016

NSUF Ion Beam Investment Options Workshop Report

The workshop that generated this data was convened to develop a set of recommendations (a priority list) for possible funding in the area of US domestic ion beam irradiation capabilities for nuclear energy-focused RD&D. The results of this workshop were intended for use by the Department of Energy - Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) for consideration of support for these facilities. The workshop considered, as part of the initial potential future support discussions, input submitted through the Office of Nuclear Energy Request for Information (RFI) (DE-SOL-0008318, April 13, 2015), but welcomed discussion (and presentation) of other options, whether specific or general in scope. Input from users, including DOE-NE program interests and needs for ion irradiation RD&D were also included. Participants were selected from various sources: RFI respondents, NEUP/NEET infrastructure applicants, universities with known expertise in nuclear engineering and materials science and other developed sources. During the three days from March 22-24, 2016, the workshop was held at the Idaho National Laboratory Meeting Center in the Energy Innovation Laboratory at 775 University Drive, Idaho Falls, ID 83401. Thirty-one members of the ion beam community attended the workshop, including 15 ion beam facilities, six representatives of Office of Nuclear Energy R&D programs, an industry representative from EPRI and the chairs of the NSUF User’s Organization and the NSUF Scientific Review Board. Another four ion beam users were in attendance acting as advisors to the process, but did not participate in the options assessment. Three members of the sponsoring agency, the Office of Science and Technology Innovation (NE-4) also attended the workshop.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Summer Workshops on Climate Change Impacts and Integrated Assessment of Climate Change (Final Technical Report)

This grant supported a long sequence of summer workshops in Snowmass, Colorado that began in 1996. The last workshop in this sequence was held in the summer of 2016. This annual event was a centerpiece in the Department of Energy’s support for the creation and maintenance of a community of practice in integrated multi-sector dynamics research and modeling. These workshops brought together key members of the multi-sector dynamics modeling community with other researchers engaged in relevant research on multi-sector (energy, water, land, etc., dynamics) research to participate in discussions of cutting-edge research topics and develop collaborative approaches for addressing open research challenges. This grant provided funds to leverage BER and other federal research investments in the development of appropriate multi-sector dynamics modeling methods by expanding interactions and promoting collaborations between the community of researchers engaged in this research and those involved in other energy and environmental systems research programs. This process is augmented through various outreach activities including periodic presentations and web-based and other internet-based methods for disseminating key scientific findings and to otherwise engage broader participation in pre- and post-workshop discussions and information exchange. The main goals of the summer workshop series were to: Build and support an integrated multi-sector dynamics (iMSD)research community of practice; Infuse best-in-class science into iMSD research activities; Exchange international iMSD research perspectives and information; Accelerate research integration among the iMSD, the sectoral impacts, and earth and environmental systems modeling communities; Develop collaborative scientific perspectives on significant iMSD research challenges; Build collaborations in addressing the challenges; and Develop processes to share information more broadly within the iMSD and the associated family of research communities. The funding provided for this workshop series has helped the energy and environmental systems modeling research community in general - and the multi-sector dynamics research community in particular - make progress on addressing these and other significant research and community building challenges.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2019

Off-Road Vehicles Research Workshop (Summary Report)

This report summarizes the off-road vehicles stakeholder workshop that was focused on research, technical challenges, and future direction related to off-road vehicles and held at Argonne National Laboratory in October 2018. The views expressed in this report are those of the workshop participants. Topics discussed and included in this report are engine efficiency and emissions; efficient fluid power; and system integration, control, and new technologies. The purposes of this workshop were to: 1) Discuss and exchange information on the current state of technology for off-road vehicles; 2) Work collectively to address the technical challenges; and 3) Help shape the future direction for off-road vehicles research and development (R&D). The report highlights some key points, takeaways, and technical challenges and ideas to inform DOE R&D programs for the off-road sector. The workshop objectives were to: • Identify the barriers to cost-effective, high-efficiency, off-road vehicles; • Identify pre-competitive research topics that could have the biggest impact in overcoming barriers; and • Identify metrics that should be applied to program progress and ambitious but realistic goals. Customer acceptance, reliability, and system durability are some of the market barriers to new technology that were discussed during the workshop. Participants agreed that a comprehensive strategy is required to explore ways to improve engine efficiency while lowering emissions (i.e., NO x , GHG, etc.) and at the same time, meet customer needs and expectations. A full system optimization was recommended for off-road vehicles. It was noted that off-road vehicles are very diverse with a wide range of engine size and vehicle applications. A need for R&D for transient operations and other operating conditions was identified, as off-road vehicles are currently optimized for steady state. Fuel type for these vehicles has an important role. Fuel cost and fuel delivery to the work-site are challenging for any new fuel. Increased vehicle electrification is one of the new technologies discussed during the workshop. Electric propulsion for off-road vehicles has limited applications in the near term, but hybridization seems more promising. Furthermore, electrification requires better batteries and, possibly, the use of higher-voltage systems. Developing more efficient component technologies, including pumps, motors, and valves, is important for more efficient fluid power systems. New work-circuit architectures that can decrease throttling losses and better integrate the work circuit and engine can offer significant efficiency gains. Autonomous vehicles for off-road sectors were also discussed. Autonomous vehicles for off-road space are very appealing for some markets due to shortage in skilled labor and its significant impact on productivity, vehicle weight, and therefore, energy use and emissions. Autonomous driving for mining and farming applications is more feasible because the routes are predefined, but for other applications, such as forestry and construction vehicles, autonomous driving would be very challenging.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2019

Support for the 2018 Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop (Final Report)

We organized the 18th Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC18) Workshop at the Beaver Run Resort and Conference Center in Breckenridge, Colorado on August 12–17, 2018. AAC18 was organized under the sponsorship of the IEEE Council on Superconductivity and managed under the supervision of IEEE 2018 Advanced Accelerator Conference Committee. Workshop day-to-day management, including financial, was handled by a qualified conference management company. The 2018 meeting was devoted to cross-disciplinary discussions of advanced accelerator concepts, including progress in various plasma acceleration methods, new methods of particle acceleration and high energy photon generation, techniques for production of ultra-high accelerating gradients in media other than plasmas, diagnostics and control of particle and photon beams and various associated particle beam, RF and energy sources. The Workshop had 278 attendees, including a record 96 students. Attendees came from 12 countries representing a wide range of institutions. The workshop format consisted of plenary sessions in the morning with topical leaders from around the world presenting the latest breakthroughs to the entire workshop. In the late morning and afternoons attendees broke out into eight different Working Groups for more detailed presentations and discussions that were summarized on the final day of the workshop. In addition, there were student tutorial presentations on two afternoons to provide in depth education and training for the next generation of accelerator scientists, as well as a poster session one evening.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗