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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1986

Ignition of bulk 302 stainless steel in oxygen by laser heating

The effect of oxygen pressure on the ignition temperature of cylindrical 302 SS specimens ignited by a focused CW CO2 laser beam in a cool, static, oxygen environment was investigated. The ignition temperature was determined quantitatively from the specimen temperature history obtained from a fast response, near infrared, two-color pyrometer, which recorded the temperature history of a spot approximately 0.5 mm in diameter and located at the center of the cylindrical 302 SS specimen's top surface. Ignition and combustion occurred in three stages. The first stage began with specimen heating and ended with ignition, the second stage corresponded to combustion, and the third stage represented cooling. The physical changes that occurred in the first stage are described.

Nguyen, K.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Three-dimensional flow field measurements in a radial inflow turbine scroll using LDV

The results of an experimental study of the three-dimensional flow field in a radial inflow turbine scroll are presented. A two-color LDV system was used in the measurement of three orthogonal velocity components at 758 points located throughout the scroll and the unvaned portion of the nozzle. The cold flow experimental results are presented for through-flow velocity contours and the cross velocity vectors.

Malak, M. F.↗
NASA NTRS1986

UGC 8508 - A dwarf galaxy associated with the M 101 group

Two-color CCD photometry of UGC 8508 has resolved the system into stars. The color-magnitude diagram shows blue and red supergiants, the apparent magnitudes of the brightest stars indicate that UGC 8508 lies within 2 Mpc of the adopted 6 Mpc distance of the M 101 group. The galaxy contains a significant color gradient; star formation is confined to the central 1.5 scale lengths (0.8 kpc). UGC 8508 has a central surface brightness intermediate between bursting and quiescent dwarf irregular galaxies.

Mould, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Near-simultaneous ultraviolet and optical spectrophotometry of T Tauri stars

A set of near-simultaneous ultraviolet and optical spectra and UBVR(J)I(J) photometry of five T Tauri stars has been analyzed for the shape of the energy distribution shortward of 3000 A. The far-ultraviolet continua of these stars are very much stronger than the level of light scattered from longer wavelengths in the IUE spectrograph. The results, expressed as two-color plots, show that the UV colors of T Tauri stars differ significantly from those expected from their optical spectral types. Although these particular K-type T Tauri stars are not extreme members of the class, they have the UV colors of A stars. The spectral shape of this UV excess is approximately that expected from published chromospheric models of T Tauri stars.

Goodrich, Robert W.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Gated photochemical hole burning in photoadducts of polyacenes

A photoadduct of anthracene and tetracene (A-T) in a polymer matrix at 1.5 K generates an absorption spectrum which exhibits two-color, photon-gated photochemical hole burning (PHB) when irradiated with narrowband exciting light into the 0-0 band of the S1-S0 absorption. The efficiency of this PHB process is found to be enhanced by simultaneous irradiation near the maximum of the Tn-T1 absorption of A-T; hole widths of less than 0.07/cm have been observed for this photochemical cleavage of A-T.

Iannone, Mark↗
NASA NTRS1986

Laser ignition of bulk 1018 carbon steel in pure oxygen

Experiments were undertaken to study the ignition characteristics of bulk 1018 carbon steel in a pure oxygen environment. Cylindrical 1018 carbon steel specimens 5 mm in diameter and 5 mm high were ignited by a focused CW CO2 laser beam in a cool, static, pure oxygen environment at oxygen pressures ranging from 0.103 to 6.895 MPa. A two-color pyrometer was designed and used to measure the ignition temperatures of the specimens. The temperature history of a spot approximately 0.5 mm in diameter located at the center of the specimen top surface was recorded with a maximum time resolution of 25 microsec, and with an accuracy of a few percent. Ignition temperature of bulk 1018 carbon steel was identified from the temperature history curve with the aid of the light intensity curve. Results show that 1018 carbon steel specimens ignite at temperatures between 1388 and 1450 K, which are below the melting range of the alloy (1662-1685 K). The ignition temperature of 1018 carbon steel is mildly dependent on oxygen pressure over the range of oxygen pressure investigated in this study.

Nguyen, K.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Infrared emission and star formation in early-type galaxies

Infrared emission from elliptical and S0 galaxies was studied to determine the extent of low-mass star formation in such early-type galaxies. It is found that the infrared colors of about one-third of the sample are consistent with ongoing star formation, although a contribution to the emission from an 'active' nucleus might play an important role in some objects. Apparently star formation has not ceased in some elliptical and S0 galaxies and may be fueled by mass loss from evolved stars or out of the rubble of galaxian mergers. Of four plausible candidate star-forming ellipticals, three show evidence for accretion and/or merger. It is also concluded that IRAS two-color diagrams are often ambiguous in determining whether or not emission arising from star formation dominates far-infrared luminosity.

Thronson, Harley A., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Single-Layer, Multicolor Electroluminescent Phosphors

Etching eliminated in producing phosphor layers for displays. New process enables production of single-layer, two-color phosphor layer without etching. Method of construction, beginning with glass substrate with electrode and insulator layers, involves deposition of green phosphor masking with metal mask or photoresist; diffusion or ion implantation of manganese through mask to produce red phosphor and removal of mask.

Robertson, James B.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Video Analog Signal Divider

Video analog signal divider produces black-and-white composite video signal based on color ratio. Device inexpensive, uses signal from standard red/green/blue camera as input. Used to produce quantitative thermal images of two-color phosphor coatings.

Buck, Gregory M.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Review on drop towers and long drop tubes

A drop tube is an enclosure in which a molten sample can be solidified while falling; three such large tubes are currently in existence, all at NASA research facilities, and are engaged in combustion and fluid physics-related experiments rather than in materials research. JPL possesses smaller tubes, one of which can be cryogenically cooled to produce glass and metal microshells. A new small drop tube will soon begin operating at NASA Lewis that is equipped with four high-speed two-color pyrometers spaced equidistantly along the column.

Bayuzick, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Sources of error in heterodyne moire deflectometry

Alignment problems, and the accompanying errors, in heterodyne moire deflectometry are considered. A change in the x-directed offset between two states of a phase object causes a constant phase error, and it is noted that the relative x coordinate of the two photographic plates (the two states of the phase object) must be positioned typically within 1 micron to avoid a detectable offset. Possible solutions for assuring the relative alignment of the two deflectograms are considered, including a sandwich technique and a two-color double-exposure implementation.

Decker, Arthur J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

High-Resolution, Two-Wavelength Pyrometer

Modified two-color pyrometer measures temperatures of objects with high spatial resolution. Image focused on hole 0.002 in. (0.05 mm) in diameter in brass sheet near end of bundle, causing image to be distributed so fibers covered by defocused radiation from target. Pinhole ensures radiation from only small part of target scene reaches detector, thus providing required spatial resolution. By spreading radiation over bundle, pinhole ensures entire active area of detectors utilized. Produces signal as quiet as conventional instruments but with only 1/64 input radiation.

Bickler, Donald B.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Automated thermal mapping techniques using chromatic image analysis

Thermal imaging techniques are introduced using a chromatic image analysis system and temperature sensitive coatings. These techniques are used for thermal mapping and surface heat transfer measurements on aerothermodynamic test models in hypersonic wind tunnels. Measurements are made on complex vehicle configurations in a timely manner and at minimal expense. The image analysis system uses separate wavelength filtered images to analyze surface spectral intensity data. The system was initially developed for quantitative surface temperature mapping using two-color thermographic phosphors but was found useful in interpreting phase change paint and liquid crystal data as well.

Buck, Gregory M.↗
NASA NTRS1989

A long-range laser velocimeter for the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex: New developments and experimental application

A long-range laser velocimeter (LV) developed for remote operation from within the flow fields of the large wind tunnels of the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex is described. Emphasis is placed on recent improvements in optical hardware as well as recent additions to data acquisition and processing techniques. The system has been upgraded from a dual-beam, single-color LV with focal range to 10 m, to a dual-beam, two-color LV with focal range to 20 m. At the new extended measurement range (between 10 and 20 m), signals are photon-resolved, and a photon correlation technique is applied to acquire and process the LV signals. This technique permits recovery of the velocity probability distributions at a particular measurement location from which the mean components of velocity and the corresponding normal stress components of turbulence are obtained. The method used for data reduction is outlined in detail, and a discussion of measurement accuracy is made. To study the performance of the LV and verify the measurement accuracy, laboratory measurements were made in the flow field of a 10 cm-diameter, 30-m/sec axisymmetric jet. A discussion of the requirements and techniques used to seed the flow is made, and boundary-layer surveys of mean velocity and turbulence intensity of the streamwise component and the component normal to the surface are presented.

Reinath, Michael S.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Comparison of LDV measurements and Navier-Stokes solutions in a two-dimensional 180-degree turn-around duct

Results from an experimental and numerical investigation of turbulent subsonic flow inside a two-dimensional, strongly curved, 180 deg turn-around duct are presented. Data measured with a two-component, two-color laser Doppler velocimeter include profiles of mean axial velocity and local flow angle. Static pressure distributions are also measured. Results are obtained at a Mach number of 0.1, and at Reynolds numbers of 100,000 and a million based on channel height. Numerical calculations are performed using the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with a Prandtl mixing length zero-equation turbulence model modified for internal flows. Theory and experiment are compared to evaluate the ability of the turbulence model to predict this class of internal flows with strong curvature.

Monson, Daryl J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Geodynamics applications of spaceborne laser ranging

The Geodynamics Laser Ranging System (GLRS) is a spaceborne laser ranging instrument being developoed by NASA as a facility instrument for the Earth Observing System (EOS). GLRS is to be used to study regional and local crustal movements. It is designed to make highly precise range measurements to retroreflector targets located in geophysically interesting sites. Using a two-color ranging scheme, absolute range accuracies of several mm are expected. Simulations based on this accuracy and the EOS orbital parameters show that length of the intersite baseline between retroreflectors can be determined to several mm accuracy at distances from a few km to several hundred km with several passes of GLRS range data collected over a few-day interval. Short-arc techniques are used to minimize the effects of gravity field and other force model uncertainties. Relative heights can be determined to sub-cm accuracy over comparable distances.

Cohen, Steven C.↗
NASA NTRS1954

Determination of Flame Temperatures from 2000 to 3000 K by Microwave Absorption

Equations are derived for the measurement of flame temperatures from the attenuation of a microwave beam by temperature-induced free electrons from chemical elements introduced in the flame. Corrections are developed to account for the electron distribution in the flame. Procedure for obtaining the temperature from absorption is outlined. The free electron collision frequency and an effective ionization potential for four alkali elements were determined experimentally. The data were taken on a gas burner with a temperature range from 1900deg to 2400deg K. The effective ionization potential of sodium agrees with the spectral-line limit value. From these experimental ionization potentials and the experimental collision frequency, an accuracy of +/-600 K in the temperature was obtained. Fluctuating and average temperature data of a liquid propellant burner are presented primarily from 1.25-centimeter-wavelength microwave measurements in comparison with simultaneous two-color pyrometer and sound intensity measurements in the region from 2200deg to 2900deg K.

Kuhns, Perry W↗
NASA NTRS1973

Simultaneous Red - Blue Lidar and Airborne Impactor Measurements

Simultaneous two-color (0.6943 micrometers and 0.3472 micrometers) LIDAR measurements were made in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over Boulder, Colorado during March 1973. In addition, on the evening of March 26, airborne single-stage impactor measurements were made at four altitudes-- 10,500, 25,000, 33,000 and 43,000 feet MSL. These data were integrated at constant altitude for 15,45, 45, and 60 minutes respectively. The LIDAR data were taken with Langley's 48" LIDAR using a dichroic beamsplitter to separate the return at 0.6943 micrometers and 0.3472 micrometers. The analog waveforms for both colors were digitized simultaneously; one on an NCAR data acquisition system and the other on the 48" Langley data acquisition system. A discussion of the preliminary results from these measurements will be presented.

McCormick, M. P.↗