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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5

RouteE: A Vehicle Energy Consumption Prediction Engine

The emergence of connected and automated vehicles and smart cities technologies create the opportunity for new mobility modes and routing decision tools, among many others. To achieve maximum mobility and minimum energy consumption, it is critical to understand the energy cost of decisions and optimize accordingly. The Route Energy prediction model (RouteE) enables accurate estimation of energy consumption for a variety of vehicle types over trips or sub-trips where detailed drive cycle data are unavailable. Applications include vehicle route selection, energy accounting and optimization in transportation simulation, and corridor energy analyses, among others. The software is a Python package that includes a variety of pre-trained models from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). However, RouteE also enables users to train custom models using their own data sets, making it a robust and valuable tool for both fast calculations and rigorous, data-rich research efforts. The pre-trained RouteE models are established using NREL's Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator paired with approximately 1 million miles of drive cycle data from the Transportation Secure Data Center, resulting in energy consumption behavior estimates over a representative sample of driving conditions for the United States. Validations have been performed using on-road fuel consumption data for conventional and electrified vehicle powertrains. Transferring the results of the on-road validation to a larger set of real-world origin-destination pairs, it is estimated that implementing the present methodology in a green-routing application would accurately select the route that consumes the least fuel 90% of the time. The novel machine learning techniques used in RouteE make it a flexible and robust tool for a variety of transportation applications.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

Real-World Driving Features for Identifying Intelligent Driver Model Parameters: Preprint

Driver behavior models play a significant role in representing different driving styles and the associated relationships with traffic patterns and vehicle energy consumption in simulation studies. The models often serve as a proxy for baseline human driving when assessing energy-saving strategies that alter vehicle velocity. Such models are especially important in connectivity-enabled energy-saving strategy research because they can easily adapt to changing driving conditions like posted speed limits or change in traffic light state. While numerous driver models exist, parametric driver models provide the flexibility required to represent variability in real-world driving through different combinations of model parameters. These model parameters must be informed by a representative set of parameter values for the driver model to adequately represent a real-world driver. It stands to reason that determining the parameter values from real-world driving data would serve the purpose of representing a real-world driver. While the published literature is replete with techniques and consequences of using real-world driving data to determine parameter values for parametric driver models, none have explored them in the context of using shorter driving features where the parameter values may change over the course of a single trip for the same driver. In this study we consider the “Intelligent Driver Model” (IDM) as the driver behavior model to explore and real-world driving data from the Transportation Secure Data Center (TSDC) maintained at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The TSDC includes real-world travel data from across the United States, from which NREL has created a wide range of driving routes consisting of road features such as speed limits, stop locations and turn locations. The real-world driving data are categorized into different driving regimes and extracted into driving features. The driving features are then used to calibrate the parameter values for the IDM. The distribution of the parameters and the relationships among them are reported. The insights obtained from this study enable judicious usage of IDM or similar parametric driver models to represent baseline human driver behavior in simulations.

27 ARPA - Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy↗

Deliverable D11 – Data Sharing, Storage, Security Protocols, and a Specification of a Potential Data Sharing Portal

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Technical University of Denmark (DTU) completed this deliverable as part of Work Package 2: Data Information Catalog for Distributed Wind Research for the International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Technology Collaboration Programme Task 41: Enabling Wind to Contribute to a Distributed Energy Future. As part of the work plan, Deliverable D11 requires the development of data sharing, storage, and security protocols for metadata to be stored on the platform, if needed. The specification of a potential data sharing portal that expands on the catalog is also required.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

Analysis Reveals Impact of Road Grade on Vehicle Energy Use (Fact Sheet)

With funding from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Office, engineers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) performed an analysis quantifying the incremental efficiency impacts of road grade by appending high-fidelity elevation profiles to GPS speed traces. This in-depth study employed nationwide elevation data from a U.S. Geological Survey digital elevation model as well as detailed GPS data from NREL’s Transportation Secure Data Center with drive cycles from more than 250,000 unique trips in various metropolitan areas across the country.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

Space Station Information System - Concepts and international issues

The Space Station Information System (SSIS) is outlined in terms of its functions and probable physical facilities. The SSIS includes flight element systems as well as existing and planned institutional systems such as the NASA Communications System, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System, and the data and communications networks of the international partners. The SSIS strives to provide both a 'user friendly' environment and a software environment which will allow for software transportability and interoperability across the SSIS. International considerations are discussed as well as project management, software commonality, data communications standards, data security, documentation commonality, transaction management, data flow cross support, and key technologies.

Williams, R. B.↗

Multilateral Biomedical Data Sharing in the One-year Joint US-Russian Mission on the International Space Station

The One Year Mission (1YM) by two astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS), starting in March 2015, offers a unique opportunity to expand multilateral collaboration by sharing data and resources among the partner agencies in preparation for planned space exploration missions beyond low Earth orbit. Agreements and protocols will be established for the collection, distribution, analysis and reporting of both research and clinical data. Data will be shared between the agencies sponsoring the investigators, and between the research and clinical medicine communities where common interests are identified. The assignment of only two astronauts, one Russian and the other American, to the 1YM necessitated creativity in bilateral efforts to maximize the biomedical return from the opportunity. Addition of Canadian, European and Japanese investigations make the effort even more integrative. There will be three types of investigations: joint, cross‐participation and data‐exchange. The joint investigations have US and Russian coprincipal investigators, and the data acquired will be their common responsibility. The other two types must develop data sharing agreements and processes specific to their needs. A multilateral panel of ISS partner space agencies will develop policies for international exchange of scientific information to meet their science objectives and priorities. They will promote archiving of space flight data and will inform each other and the scientific community at large about the results obtained from space life sciences studies. Integration tasks for the 1YM are based on current experience from the ISS and previous efforts on the Russian space station Mir. Closer coordination between international partners requires more common approaches to remove barriers to multilateral resource utilization on the ISS. Greater integration in implementation should increase utilization efficiency to benefit all participants in spaceflight human research. This presentation will describe the overarching principles for multilateral data collection, analysis and sharing and for data security for medical and research data shared between ISS partners prior to release in public forums.

Charles, John B.↗

Archiving Data from New Survey Technologies: Lessons Learned on Enabling Research with High-Precision Data While Preserving Participant Privacy: Preprint

During the past 15 years, increasing numbers of organizations and planning agencies have begun collecting high-resolution Global Positioning System (GPS) travel data. Despite the significant effort and expense to collect it, privacy concerns often lead to underutilization of the data. To address this dilemma of providing data access while preserving privacy, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, with support from the U.S. Department of Transportation and U.S. Department of Energy, established the Transportation Secure Data Center (TSDC). Lessons drawn from best-practice examples from other data centers have helped shape the structure and operating procedures for the TSDC, which functions under the philosophy of first and foremost preserving privacy, but doing so in a way that balances security with accessibility and usability of the data for legitimate research. This paper provides details about the TSDC approach toward achieving these goals, which has included creating a secure enclave with no external access for backing up and processing raw data, a publicly accessible website for downloading cleansed data, and a secure portal environment through which approved users can work with detailed spatial data using a variety of tools and reference information. This paper also describes lessons learned from operating the TSDC with respect to improvements in GPS data handling, processing, and user support, along with plans for continual enhancements to better support the needs of both data providers and users and to thus advance the research value derived from such valuable data.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

Universal Utility Data Exchange (UUDEX) Functional Design Requirements: Cybersecurity of Energy Delivery Systems Research and Development

This document provides a set of high-level functional design requirements for Universal Utility Data Exchange (UUDEX). These requirements include a set of use cases, data exchanges supported by UUDEX, both for grid operations and for cyber security data, functional requirements for data exchange, data models used by UUDEX, data exchange architectures, and security considerations. These functional design requirements are intended to be used in more detailed design documents.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Universal Utility Data Exchange (UUDEX) Functional Design Requirements - Rev 1

This document provides a set of high-level functional design requirements for Universal Utility Data Exchange (UUDEX). These requirements include a set of use cases, data exchanges supported by UUDEX, both for grid operations and for cyber security data, functional requirements for data exchange, data models used by UUDEX, data exchange architectures, and security considerations. These functional design requirements are intended to be used in more detailed design documents.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

A Survey on Next-generation Power Grid Data Architecture

The operation and control of power grids will increasingly rely on data. A high-speed, reliable, flexible and secure data architecture is the prerequisite of the next-generation power grid. This paper summarizes the challenges in collecting and utilizing power grid data, and then provides reference data architecture for future power grids. Based on the data architecture deployment, related research on data architecture is reviewed and summarized in several categories including data measurement/actuation, data transmission, data service layer, data utilization, as well as two cross-cutting issues, interoperability and cyber security. Research gaps and future work are also presented.

You, Shutang↗

Valve Health Monitoring System Utilizing Smart Instrumentation

The valve monitoring system is a stand alone unit with network capabilities for integration into a higher level health management system. The system is designed for aiding in failure predictions of high-geared ball valves and linearly actuated valves. It performs data tracking and archiving for identifying degraded performance. The data collection types are cryogenic cycles, total cycles, inlet temperature, body temperature torsional strain, linear bonnet strain, preload position, total travel and total directional changes. Events are recorded and time stamped in accordance with the IRIG B True Time. The monitoring system is designed for use in a Class 1 Division II explosive environment. The basic configuration consists of several instrumentation sensor units and a base station. The sensor units are self contained microprocessor controlled and remotely mountable in three by three by two inches. Each unit is potted in a fire retardant substance without any cavities and limited to low operating power for maintaining safe operation in a hydrogen environment. The units are temperature monitored to safeguard against operation outside temperature limitations. Each contains 902-928 MHz band digital transmitters which meet Federal Communication Commission's requirements and are limited to a 35 foot transmission radius for preserving data security. The base-station controller correlates data from the sensor units and generates data event logs on a compact flash memory module for database uploading. The entries are also broadcast over an Ethernet network. Nitrogen purged National Electrical Manufactures Association (NEMA) Class 4 enclosures are used to house the base-station

Jensen, Scott L.↗

Getting Data Out of the Ground: Modern Data Challenges Facing EGS Collab, the DOE Geothermal Data Repository, and the Geothermal Industry

The amount of data being generated by the geothermal industry is increasing exponentially. Advanced tools, higher resolution sensors, and digitally integrated equipment are providing valuable insight into geothermal exploration and operational efficiencies, but the volumes of data they generate and the unique properties of Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) projects are creating challenges of their own. This paper explores those challenges and the steps the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is taking to address them through comprehensive data management strategies, improvements to DOE's Geothermal Data Repository (GDR), and the development of a secure data collaboration tool for DOE's Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) and EGS Collab projects.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗

Secure, Mobile, Wireless Network Technology Designed, Developed, and Demonstrated

The inability to seamlessly disseminate data securely over a high-integrity, wireless broadband network has been identified as a primary technical barrier to providing an order-of-magnitude increase in aviation capacity and safety. Secure, autonomous communications to and from aircraft will enable advanced, automated, data-intensive air traffic management concepts, increase National Air Space (NAS) capacity, and potentially reduce the overall cost of air travel operations. For the first time ever, secure, mobile, network technology was designed, developed, and demonstrated with state-ofthe- art protocols and applications by a diverse, cooperative Government-industry team led by the NASA Glenn Research Center. This revolutionary technology solution will make fundamentally new airplane system capabilities possible by enabling secure, seamless network connections from platforms in motion (e.g., cars, ships, aircraft, and satellites) to existing terrestrial systems without the need for manual reconfiguration. Called Mobile Router, the new technology autonomously connects and configures networks as they traverse from one operating theater to another. The Mobile Router demonstration aboard the Neah Bay, a U.S. Coast Guard vessel stationed in Cleveland, Ohio, accomplished secure, seamless interoperability of mobile network systems across multiple domains without manual system reconfiguration. The Neah Bay was chosen because of its low cost and communications mission similarity to low-Earth-orbiting satellite platforms. This technology was successfully advanced from technology readiness level (TRL) 2 (concept and/or application formation) to TRL 6 (system model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment). The secure, seamless interoperability offered by the Mobile Router and encryption device will enable several new, vehicle-specific and systemwide technologies to perform such things as remote, autonomous aircraft performance monitoring and early detection and mitigation of potential equipment malfunctions. As an additional benefit, team advancements were incorporated into open standards, ensuring technology transfer. Low-cost, commercial products incorporating the new technology are already available. Furthermore, these products are fully interoperable with legacy network technology equipment currently being used throughout the world.

Ivancic, William D.↗

Remote sensing and geographically based information systems

A structure is proposed for a geographically-oriented computer-based information system applicable to the analysis of remote sensing digital data. The structure, intended to answer a wide variety of user needs, would permit multiple views of the data, provide independent management of data security, quality and integrity, and rely on automatic data filing. Problems in geographically-oriented data systems, including those related to line encoding and cell encoding, are considered.

Cicone, R. C.↗

Privacy-Preserving Knowledge Transfer with Bootstrap Aggregation of Teacher Ensembles

There is a need to transfer knowledge among institutions and organizations to save effort in annotation and labeling or in enhancing task performance. However, knowledge transfer is difficult because of restrictions that are in place to ensure data security and privacy. Institutions are not allowed to exchange data or perform any activity that may expose personal information. With the leverage of a differential privacy algorithm in a high-performance computing environment, we propose a new training protocol, Bootstrap Aggregation of Teacher Ensembles (BATE), which is applicable to various types of machine learning models. The BATE algorithm is based on and provides enhancements to the PATE algorithm, maintaining competitive task performance scores on complex datasets with underrepresented class labels.We conducted a proof-of-the-concept study of the information extraction from cancer pathology report data from four cancer registries and performed comparisons between four scenarios: no collaboration, no privacy-preserving collaboration, the PATE algorithm, and the proposed BATE algorithm. The results showed that the BATE algorithm maintained competitive macro-averaged F1 scores, demonstrating that the suggested algorithm is an effective yet privacy-preserving method for machine learning and deep learning solutions.

Yoon, Hong-Jun↗

Chance-Constrained Optimization for Critical Infrastructure Protection

Stochastic optimization deals with making highly reliable decisions under uncertainty. Chance constraints are a crucial tool of stochastic optimization to develop mathematical optimization models; they form the backbone of many important national security data science applications. These include critical infrastructure resiliency, cyber security, power system operations, and disaster relief management. However, existing algorithms to solve chance-constrained optimization models are severely limited by problem size and structure. In this investigative study, we (i) develop new algorithms to approximate chance-constrained optimization models, (ii) demonstrate the application of chance-constraints to a national security problem, and (iii) investigate related stochastic optimization problems. We believe our work will pave way for new research is stochastic optimization as well as secure national infrastructures against unforeseen attacks.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗

A robust wireless communication system for electromagnetically harsh environments of nuclear facilities - 155

Wireless sensors could play a significant role in safety, efficiency, and reliability of instrumentation and control process in current and next generation nuclear power reactors. While conventional narrowband wireless sensors have successfully been used in numerous industrial applications, the RF propagation challenges posed by the heavy metallic and cluttered environment of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) has prevented their use in such operations. These challenges include: RF propagation in harsh (reflective, absorptive, cluttered) environments, data security issues, and RF interference to and from other devices in a nuclear reactor. In this introductory paper, first we address how Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology can provide a viable solution for the signal propagation issues in such electromagnetically harsh environments. Second, we present a novel UWB remote powering scheme that allows for battery-free operation of sensors to increase their lifetime. We finalize the paper by presenting the experimental results of using UWB signaling in a representative harsh environment conducted at MIT research reactor. We plan to address the security issues through an innovative UWB communications scheme for sensor data communications in a subsequent paper. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗