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Use of decomposable precursors to enhance zinc oxide-titanium dioxide reaction and rapid fixing results in rapid preparation of zinc orthotitanate powder pigment. Preparation process allows production under less stringent conditions. Elimination of powder grinding results in purer that is less susceptible to color degradation.
There is interest in the preparation of high-purity calcium superoxide as an oxygen source for breathing apparatus because both the available oxygen and the capacity for carbon dioxide removal, per unit weight of superoxide, are higher than that of a number of other chemical oxygen sources. A review of earlier findings shows that the general method used by Vol'nov and coworkers for the decomposition of calcium peroxide diperoxyhydrate can yield preparations containing more than 58.4% calcium superoxide maximum predicted for an equimolar disproportionation reaction. The decomposition of solid calcium peroxide diperoxyhydrate is studied using an apparatus that allows good control of the critical reaction parameters. The removal of water from decomposing calcium peroxide diperoxyhydrate, before the same water has an opportunity to back react with the calcium superoxide formed in the reaction, constitutes the rationale of the experiments. Even with allowance for the anomalies observed in the analytical results, the yields appear to be in the 65+ percent range, and optimization of the experimental variables is still being pursued.
The effects of disproportionations at lower temperatures and also of a range of reaction chamber pressures on the preparation of calcium superoxide, Ca(O2)2, from calcium peroxide diperoxyhydrate were studied. About 60% purity of product was obtained by a disproportionation procedure. The significance of features of this procedure for a prospective scale-up of the mass prepared in a single experiment is considered. The optimum pressure for product purity was determined, and the use of a molecular sieve desiccant is described.
Dry attrition milled silicon powder was compacted, sintered in helium, and reaction bonded in nitrogen-4 volume percent hydrogen. Bend strengths of bars with as-nitrided surfaces averaged as high as 210 MPa at room temperature and 220 MPa at 1400 C. Bars prepared from the milled powder were stronger than those prepared from as-received powder at both room temperature and at 1400 C. Room temperature strength decreased with increased milling time and 1400 C strength increased with increased milling time.
A LANDSAT digital mosaic data base for the State of Pennsylvania was prepared for use in the development of an automated system to annually estimate the extent and severity of Gypsy Moth defoliation of hardward forests. The techniques for detecting the defoliation and development of a geographic information system (GIS) to assess damage is being developed jointly by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and Pennsylvania State University using the JPL prepared mosaic base. The JPL processing involved the use of ground control points from the Master Data Processor for planimetric control, resampling of the LANDSAT data to 57 x 57 meter pixels, realignment to north, and reprojection to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection in UTM zones 17 and 18. The completed mosaic for each UTM zone was subdivided into 1 degree of latitude by 2 degrees of longitude quadrangles for easy data handling. Consideration is given to the issues of mapping standards, sensor and spacecraft platform characteristics, and their implication to geographic information systems operation. Methods for obtaining measures of accuracy for LANDSAT mosaics are reviewed.
Perfluoroether triazine elastomers having improved properties and utility in seals, gaskets, sealing components and the like are prepared from oligomeric imidoylamidines that have, in turn, been prepared by the process of (1) reacting a perfluorodinitrile with liquid ammonia to yield a perfluorodiamidine, (2) isolating the perfluorodiamidine, (3) reacting the isolated diamidine with a perfluorodinitrile to yield a perfluoror(imidoylamidine) dinitrile, and then repeating step (1), (2), and (3) to sequentially grow an oligomer of desired molecular size. The isolated amidine and nitrile intermediates are also described.
A technique is described for the preparation of tris(N-methylamino)methylsilane by a process which may be used for large-scale production. The steps include synthesis, filtration to remove the salt byproduct, and distillation to remove the product from the reaction mixture under anhydrous conditions. Tris(N-methylamino)methylsilane is a precursor used to prepare silicon carbide-silicon nitride fibers that have been shown to have high tensile modulus (29 x 10 to the 6th psi for 0.4 mil diameter), high tensile strength (10.5 x 10 to the 4th psi), and high electrical resistivity (7 x 10 to the 8th ohm-cm).
In connection with the utilization of databases, problems can arise with respect to the understanding or evaluation of the provided information. Database guide sheets can be an important aid for overcoming these problems. A number of systems are already sufficiently documented by guide sheets, while other systems do not have guide sheets with adequate descriptive information. Details regarding database guide sheets are discussed, taking into account the type of descriptive information provided, the sample online record, and access points and other related functions for searching the database. Attention is given to cases when a guide sheet should be made, details regarding the preparation of such a sheet, the importance of neatness, and important points which should be kept in mind when guide sheets are being prepared.
Metal 4, 4', 4"",-tetracarboxylic phthalocyanines (MPTC) are prepared by reaction of trimellitic anhydride, a salt or hydroxide of the desired metal (or the metal in powdered form), urea and a catalyst. A purer form of MPTC is prepared than heretofore. These tetracarboxylic acids are then polymerized by heat to sheet polymers which have superior heat and oxidation resistance. The metal is preferably a divalent metal having an atomic radius close to 1.35A.
Hexamethylbenzene (HMB) was difficult to be oxidized with an alkaline potassium permanganate solution, since HMB was insoluble in an aqueous alkaline solution. But, when HMB was warmed with 50% nitric acid for a short time, and then treated with aqueous potassium permanganate, the reaction occurred readily and dimethylpyromellitic acid was obtained. When HMB was warmed with 50% nitric acid for 1 to 2 minutes, a yellow material was produced, which was soluble in hot aqueous potassium hydroxide, though free from carboxylic acids. It contained a little amount of bis-(nitromethyl)prehnitene and several unknown compounds. Further, the heat stability of polyimide prepared by the reaction of tetramethyldimethylpyromellitate with 4,4 prime-diaminodiphenylmethane turned out to be nearly equal to that of polyimide prepared from tetramethylpyromellitate.
An advanced carbothermic reduction (ACR) process was developed to produce solar grade (SC) silicon from high purity silica and carbon. Preparation of starting materials and operation of the arc furnace to product high purity silicon is described. Solar cells prepared from single crystal SG-Si had efficiencies of up to 12.3% practically identical to cells made from electronic grade silicon. The ACR process is not in the pilot stage for further evaluation.
The performance of a variational analysis model being developed at the Illinois State Water Survey, which allows blending of satellite and conventional soundings in a way which preserves the information content of both data sources, requires preparation of the input data before insertion into the model. Using operationally retrieved Tiros-N TOVS soundings and rawinsonde data, four procedures to prepare satellite soundings for model insertion are demonstrated: (1) determination and removal of biases, (2) determination of standard errors of the satellite temperatures to assist in the assignment of weights in the model, (3) conversion of layer mean temperatures to level temperatures, and (4) determination of the action necessary for correcting for the nonsynoptic nature of the satellite data.
Various approaches for preparative electrophoresis, and three new instruments for preparative electrophoresis are discussed. Consideration is given to isoelectric focusing, isotachophoresis, and zone electrophoresis, three gel-based electrophoresis methods. The design, functions, and performance of the Elphor VaP 21 device of Hannig (1982), the shear-stabilized BIOSTREAM separator of Thompson (1983), and the recycling isoelectric focusing device are described.
The merging of data from various catalogs and their incorporation into existing databases such as SIMBAD is a demanding task, mainly because of the diverse and inconsistent astronomical nomenclature that has developed over the years. Although the cross identification of objects by computer is in principle an extremely simple procedure, numerous pitfalls have been encountered in practice because of errors and mutually exclusive identifications in existing catalogs. The incorporation of classical and new data into SIMBAD is clearly simplified if machine versions of catalogs are prepared with a view toward this problem. New versions of a number of important catalogs have been prepared and fully documented at the Astronomical Data Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with consideration of both independent use and data integration. Recently completed catalogs and current projects will be reviewed in this presentation.
Y-Ba-Cu-O bulk materials prepared using the melt quench and post annealing method were shown to have very high maximum as well as remanent magnetization. Studies were carried out on materials prepared using this method which deviate from the Y:Ba:Cu = 1:2:3 stoichiometry. In one series of materials, only the stoichiometry was changed, in particular by introducing an excess of yttrium. In other cases, dopants including several rare earths were introduced. Effects of variations in composition on microstructure and phase evolution are discussed, as well as effects on the magnetic susceptibility and on the magnetization. The results show that doped materials can exhibit improvements in magnetic properties. Furthermore, the use of dopants sheds light on the role of defect sites in flux pinning.
The objective of this research is to define the methodology for the preparation and characterization of new carbon-based molecular sieves with composite structures. Carbon molecular sieves have found increasing application in the field of separation and purification of gases. These materials are relatively easy to prepare and their surfaces can be modified to some extent. It is expected that by combining inorganic oxides with the carbonaceous structure one can begin to design composite materials with a wider range of possible chemical and physical properties. In this way, the IOM-CMS materials may confer distinct advantages over pure carbon molecular sieves, not just for separation, but also for catalysis. The most recent results in the design and characterization of these IOM-CMS materials are reviewed and summarized. Directions for further research are also presented.
An assembly of an article and a polyimide composition is prepared. The assembly resists dimensional change, delamination, or debonding when exposed to changes to temperature. An article is provided. A polyamic acid solution which yields a polyimide having a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was prepared. Equimolar quantities of an aromatic diamine and an aromatic dianhydride were reacted in a solvent medium to form a polyamic acid solution. A metal ion containing additive was added to the solution. Examples of this additive are: TbCl3, DyCl3, ErCl3, TmCl3, Al(C5H7O2)3, and Er2S3. The polyamic acid solution was imidized and is combined with the article to form the assembly.
Polyphenyl quinoxalines (PPQs) are an important family of high performance polymers that offer good chemical and thermal stability coupled with excellent mechanical properties. These aromatic heterocyclic polymers are potentially useful as films, coatings, adhesives, and composite materials that demand stability in harsh environments. Our approach was to prepare PPQs with pendent siloxane groups using the appropriate chemistry and then evaluate these polymers before and after exposure to simulated atomic oxygen. Either monomer, the bis(o-diamine)s or the bis(alpha-diketone)s can be synthesized with a hydroxy group to which the siloxane chain will be attached. Several novel materials were prepared.