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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1973

Effect of elimination of nitrogen and/or hypoxia or restricted visual environment on color vision and range of accommodation

The effects upon range of accommodation and color vision of reduced atmospheric pressure, at partial and complete elimination of nitrogen, of hypoxia, and of exposure for varying periods of time to restricted visual environment, have been studied alone or in various combinations. Measurements were made on the electroretinogram, the electrooculogram, and the diameter of the retinal vessels as an indicator of blood flow to the retina at the time of total elimination of nitrogen. An objective method was used to test range of accommodation. In the color vision test the flicker colors of a Benham's top were matched with a colorimeter.

Wolbarsht, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS1974

The problem of hypoxia, hyperoxia and hypercapnia in space physiology

The dynamics of basic functional systems and behavioral reactions depend on the oxygen regime of the human body when confined in pressurized compartments during space flight. Permissible concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases to avoid symptoms of hypoxia, hyperoxia and hypercapnia are discussed in relation to numerous human tolerance studies.

Agadzhanyan, N. A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Comparison of early reactions of the blood system in rats to immobilization, the action of hypoxia and the administration of erythopoietin

Three series of experiments were simultaneously carried on rats with the purpose of studying the action of different stimulants on the blood system; rats were subjected to immobilization, hypoxic hypoxia and erythropoietin administration. Changes in various cellular forms in the bone marrow, the thymus and the spleen were studied. A unitypical reaction, as in stress, was noted during the first hours; a reduction of the cell count in the lymphoid organs, a reduction of granulocytes and an increase of lymphoid cells in the bone marrow. The differences were chiefly quantitative. This was followed by stimulation of myelo and erythropoiesis determined by the specific features of the action applied. Nonspecific blood reaction was apparently due to activation of the adaptation mechanisms.

Gorizontov, P. D.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Effects of acute hypoxia on cardiopulmonary responses to head-down tilt

Six male subjects were exposed on two separate occasions to simulated microgravity with 28 deg head-down tilt (HD) for 1 h with baseline followed by recovery at + 17 deg head-up. Pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, spirometry, and central and cerebral blood flow characteristics were compared while breathing ambient air and reduced F(I)O2 equivalent to 14,828 ft. With hypoxia (HY), the increased tidal volume served to attenuate the drop in arterial saturation by reducing deadspace ventilation. Arterial and mixed venous PO2, values, estimated from peripheral venous samples and cardiac output (CO), were both maintained during HD in HY. Mixed venous PO2 was elevated by an increase in CO associated with a reduction in systemic resistance. Changes in spirometric indices during HD were not accentuated by HY, making the presence of interstitial edema unlikely. Cerebral flow and resistance showed minor reductions with HD. Tissue oxygenation and cardiopulmonary function were not notably effected by HD during HY, but a combination of these two stressors may predispose subjects to subsequent orthostatic intolerance during initial recovery.

Loeppky, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Cardiopulmonary responses to acute hypoxia, head-down tilt and fluid loading in anesthetized dogs

Cardiopulmonary responses to acute hypoxia (HY), fluid loading by saline infusion (FL), and head-down tilt (HD) of mechanically ventilated anesthetized dogs were investigated by measuring thermodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange. It was found that HD decreased the total respiratory compliance both during HY and normoxia (NO) and that the reduction in compliance by FL was twice as large as by HD. Superimposing HD on HY doubled the increase in vascular resistance due to HY alone. In the systemic circulation, HD lowered the resistance to below NO levels. There was a significant positive correlation between the changes in blood volume and in pulmonary artery pressure for experimental transitions, suggesting that a shift in blood volume from systemic to pulmonary circulations and changes in the total blood volume may contribute substantially to these apparent changes in resistance.

Loeppky, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1996

CO2-O2 Interactions in Extension of Tolerance to Acute Hypoxia

Advantageous and/or detrimental influences associated with purposeful deviations from atmospheric levels of O2 and CO2 are studied. Specific goals have been directed to simulating situations of emergency or accidental exposure to hypoxic (10% O2) environments. They included establishing dynamic effects of hypoxia with and without CO2 (rate of acute adaptation), and stable-state (equilibrium) effects on blood and brain oxygenation. They also included effects on the physiological parameters of respiration and blood gas composition which underlie brain oxygenation. For 10% O2, a complete experiment consisted of three identical rest-exercise phases of 32 minutes duration. Following a five minute air control period, each inspired gas was administered over the next 27 minutes. The test gases were room air control, 10% +/- 0.1% O2 with 4% +/- 0.1% CO2, and 10% +/- 0.1% O2. A minimum of 45 minutes separated each phase. Relative to inspiration of 10% O2, brain oxygenation is enhanced by addition of 4% CO2. This is accomplished by increasing the rate at which O2 in arterial blood is supplied to the brain circulation (well above even the normoxic level), and on relative improvement in the arterial pressure of O2.

Lambertsen, C. J.↗