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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1998

Polar Wind Measurements with TIDE/PSI and HYDRA on the Polar Spacecraft

The Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment (TIDE) on the POLAR spacecraft has allowed sampling of the three-dimensional ion distributions with excellent energy, angular, and mass resolution. The companion Plasma Source Instrument, when operated, allows sufficient diminution of the electric potential to observe the polar wind at very high altitudes. In this presentation, we will describe the results of polar wind characteristics H+, He+, and 0+ as observed by TIDE at 5000 km and 8 RE altitudes. The relationship of the polar wind parameters with the solar zenith angle and with the day-night distance in the Solar Magnetic coordinate system will also be presented. We will compare these measurements with recent simulations of the photoelectron-driven polar wind using a couple fluid-semikinetic model. In addition, we will compare these polar wind observations with low-energy electrons sampled by the HYDRA experiment on POLAR to examine possible effects of the polar rain and photoelectrons and hopefully explain the large ion outflow velocity variations at POLAR apogee.

Su, Y. J.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Detection of Thermal Water Vapor Emission from W Hydrae

We have detected four far-infrared emission lines of water vapor toward the evolved star W Hydrae, using the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). This is the first detection of thermal water vapor emission from a circumstellar outflow.

Neufeld, David A.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Chandra Observations of the Nuclei of Radio Galaxies: 3C 295 and Hydra A

The angular resolution available with Chandra allows us to isolate the X-ray emission from the nucleus of many radio galaxies and obtain their spectra. As expected from unification schemes, spectra so far obtained can best be interpreted as heavily absorbed power laws. We present the spectral parameters so derived for 3C 295 and Hydra A and compare them to data obtained at other wavelengths.

Harris, D. E.↗
NASA NTRS2005

A Search for Ram-pressure Stripping in the Hydra I Cluster

Ram-pressure stripping is a method by which hot interstellar gas can be removed from a galaxy moving through a group or cluster of galaxies. Indirect evidence of ram-pressure stripping includes lowered X-ray brightness in a galaxy due to less X-ray emitting gas remaining in the galaxy. Here we present the initial results of our program to determine whether cluster elliptical galaxies have lower hot gas masses than their counterparts in less rich environments. This test requires the use of the high-resolution imaging of the Chandra Observatory and we present our analysis of the galaxies in the nearby cluster Hydra I.

Brown, B.↗
NASA NTRS2005

NASA Space Science and a Search for Ram-Pressure Stripping in the Hydra I Cluster

The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Sciences and Exploration Directorate seeks to expand scientific knowledge through observational and theoretical research in the study of the Earth-Sun system, the solar system and the origins of life, and the birth and evolution of the universe. This talk will discuss some of the cutting-edge space science research being conducted at Goddard. In addition, I will discuss my research on ram-pressure stripping in cluster elliptical galaxies. Ram-pressure stripping is a method by which hot interstellar gas can be removed from a galaxy moving through a group or cluster of galaxies. Indirect evidence of ram-pressure stripping includes lowered X-ray brightness in a galaxy due to less X-ray emitting gas remaining in the galaxy. Here we present the initial results of our program to determine whether cluster elliptical galaxies have lower hot gas masses than their counterparts in less rich environments. This test requires the use of the high-resolution imaging of the Chandra Observatory and we present our analysis of the galaxies in the nearby cluster Hydra I.

Brown, Beth↗
NASA NTRS2005

A Search for Ram-pressure Stripping in the Hydra I Cluster

Ram-pressure stripping is a method by which hot interstellar gas can be removed from a galaxy moving through a group or cluster of galaxies. Indirect evidence of ram-pressure stripping includes lowered X- ray brightness in a galaxy due to less X-ray emitting gas remaining in the galaxy. Here we present the initial results of our program to determine whether cluster elliptical galaxies have lower hot gas masses than their counterparts in less rich environments. This test requires the use of the high-resolution imaging of the Chundru Observatory and we present our analysis of the galaxies in the nearby cluster Hydra I.

Brown, B. A.↗
DOE OSTI2013

ROTATION OF THE K3 II-III GIANT STAR {alpha} HYDRA

Fundamental spectroscopic determination of projected rotation rates of slowly rotating stars is challenging because the rotational broadening of the spectral lines is often comparable to, or smaller than, the broadening from other sources, most notably macroturbulence. Fourier techniques have the advantage over direct profile matching when the observed profiles are complete, but when the profiles are severely blended, the Fourier analysis is compromised. A process of modeling partial profiles for determining the rotation rate for stars having blended spectral lines is investigated and applied to the evolved star {alpha} Hya (K3 II-III). Projected rotation higher than 5 km s{sup -1} can be definitively ruled out for this star. Not all lines are equally good, depending on the amount of blending and also depending on the strength of the line, as the balance between the thermal and non-thermal components changes. A modest ambiguity arises between macroturbulence and rotational broadening, but a careful look at the differences between the observations and the models allows one to measure the rotation with acceptable precision. The result for {alpha} Hya is v sin i = 2.6 {+-} 0.3 km s{sup -1}.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES FOR SELECTED ALGOL-TYPE BINARIES. IV. AV HYDRAE AND DZ CASSIOPEIAE

We present BVR photometric observations and several eclipsing times for AV Hya and DZ Cas from 2004 to 2011. Using the Wilson-Devinney method, the photometric solutions with hot spots were deduced from their asymmetric light curves. The results indicate that both stars are Algol-type binaries, whose mass ratio, q{sub ph}, and fill-out factor of the primary, f{sub 1}, are q{sub ph} = 0.255({+-} 0.002) and f{sub 1} = 81.2({+-} 0.2)% for AV Hya, and q{sub ph} = 0.093({+-} 0.003) and f{sub 1} = 98.7({+-} 0.3)% for DZ Cas. Based on all available light minimum times, it is discovered that the O - C curve of each star could be described by a light-time orbit overlying on a downward parabola. Their periods and amplitudes are P{sub 3} = 37.2({+-} 0.7) yr and A = 0fd0095({+-}0fd0006) for AV Hya, and P{sub 3} = 62.5({+-} 1.0) yr and A = 0fd0183({+-}0fd0007) for DZ Cas. Cyclic variations may result from the light-time effect due to the third body. The secular period decrease rates are dP/dt = -1.47({+-} 0.04) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -7} days yr{sup -1} for AV Hya and dP/dt = -0.92({+-} 0.04) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -7} days yr{sup -1} for DZ Cas. This may be interpreted using mass and angular momentum loss from the system. With decreasing period, the fill-out factor of the primary increases and it may finally fill its inner Roche lobe. Therefore, AV Hya and DZ Cas with a secular period decrease will evolve from semi-detached configurations into contact ones.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

EMISSION LINES FROM THE GAS DISK AROUND TW HYDRA AND THE ORIGIN OF THE INNER HOLE

We compare line emission calculated from theoretical disk models with optical to submillimeter wavelength observational data of the gas disk surrounding TW Hya and infer the spatial distribution of mass in the gas disk. The model disk that best matches observations has a gas mass ranging from {approx}10{sup -4} to 10{sup -5} M{sub sun} for 0.06 AU < r < 3.5 AU and {approx}0.06 M{sub sun} for 3.5 AU < r < 200 AU. We find that the inner dust hole (r < 3.5 AU) in the disk must be depleted of gas by {approx}1-2 orders of magnitude compared with the extrapolated surface density distribution of the outer disk. Grain growth alone is therefore not a viable explanation for the dust hole. CO vibrational emission arises within r {approx} 0.5 AU from thermal excitation of gas. [O I] 6300 A and 5577 A forbidden lines and OH mid-infrared emission are mainly due to prompt emission following UV photodissociation of OH and water at r {approx}< 0.1 AU and at r {approx} 4 AU. [Ne II] emission is consistent with an origin in X-ray heated neutral gas at r {approx}< 10 AU, and may not require the presence of a significant extreme-ultraviolet (h{nu} > 13.6 eV) flux from TW Hya. H{sub 2} pure rotational line emission comes primarily from r {approx} 1 to 30 AU. [O I] 63 {mu}m, HCO{sup +}, and CO pure rotational lines all arise from the outer disk at r {approx} 30-120 AU. We discuss planet formation and photoevaporation as causes for the decrease in surface density of gas and dust inside 4 AU. If a planet is present, our results suggest a planet mass {approx}4-7 M{sub J} situated at {approx}3 AU. Using our photoevaporation models and the best surface density profile match to observations, we estimate a current photoevaporative mass loss rate of 4 x 10{sup -9} M{sub sun} yr{sup -1} and a remaining disk lifetime of {approx}5 million years.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

THE TWO REGIMES OF PHOTOSPHERIC MOTIONS IN {alpha} HYDRA

High-resolution spectroscopic observations of {alpha} Hya were acquired between 2003 and 2010. Analysis of line shifts, differential shifts, line widths, and line bisectors points to two regimes of velocity fields in the photosphere of {alpha} Hya: (1) normal granulation embedded in (2) large convection cells. Variations occur on a wide range of timescales, from several years on down. Radial velocity variations, which are irregular and span 786 m s{sup -1}, have a distribution consistent with a true mean rise velocity of the large cells of {approx}725 m s{sup -1} and a dispersion of {approx}220 m s{sup -1}. The distribution of granulation velocities, as measured from the widths of spectral lines, shows only small variations, consistent with the two regime concepts. On the multi-year timescale, radial velocity changes, small temperature variations ({approx}10 K), and small line-width variations ({approx}<0.8%) track each other, possibly with phase shifts. The granulation velocity gradient for {alpha} Hya is about half as large as the Sun's and no variation with time was seen, implying that any variation in velocity gradient from one large cell to the next must be less than a few percent. The asymmetry in the granulation velocity distribution, as specified in the flux deficit, is smaller than expected for {alpha} Hya's position in the HR diagram and appears to be variable.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

MAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED ACCRETION ON THE CLASSICAL T TAURI STARS GQ LUPI AND TW HYDRAE

We present high spectral resolution (R Almost-Equal-To 108, 000) Stokes V polarimetry of the classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) GQ Lup and TW Hya obtained with the polarimetric upgrade to the HARPS spectrometer on the ESO 3.6 m telescope. We present data on both photospheric lines and emission lines, concentrating our discussion on the polarization properties of the He I emission lines at 5876 A and 6678 A. The He I lines in these CTTSs contain both narrow emission cores, believed to come from near the accretion shock region on these stars, and broad emission components which may come from either a wind or the large-scale magnetospheric accretion flow. We detect strong polarization in the narrow component of the two He I emission lines in both stars. We observe a maximum implied field strength of 6.05 {+-} 0.24 kG in the 5876 A line of GQ Lup, making it the star with the highest field strength measured in this line for a CTTS. We find field strengths in the two He I lines that are consistent with each other, in contrast to what has been reported in the literature on at least one star. We do not detect any polarization in the broad component of the He I lines on these stars, strengthening the conclusion that they form over a substantially different volume relative to the formation region of the narrow component of the He I lines.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

HECTOSPEC AND HYDRA SPECTRA OF INFRARED LUMINOUS SOURCES IN THE AKARI NORTH ECLIPTIC POLE SURVEY FIELD

We present spectra of 1796 sources selected in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Wide Survey field, obtained with MMT/Hectospec and WIYN/Hydra, for which we measure 1645 redshifts. We complemented the generic flux-limited spectroscopic surveys at 11 {mu}m and 15 {mu}m, with additional sources selected based on the MIR and optical colors. In MMT/Hectospec observations, the redshift identification rates are {approx}80% for objects with R < 21.5 mag. On the other hand, in WIYN/Hydra observations, the redshift identification rates are {approx}80% at R magnitudes brighter than 19 mag. The observed spectra were classified through the visual inspection or from the line diagnostics. We identified 1128 star-forming or absorption-line-dominated galaxies, 198 Type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs), 8 Type-2 AGNs, 121 Galactic stars, and 190 spectra in unknown category due to low signal-to-noise ratio. The spectra were flux-calibrated but to an accuracy of 0.1-0.18 dex for most of the targets and worse for the remainder. We derive star formation rates (SFRs) from the mid-infrared fluxes or from the optical emission lines, showing that our sample spans an SFR range of 0.1 to a few hundred M{sub Sun} yr{sup -1}. We find that the extinction inferred from the difference between the IR and optical SFR increases as the IR luminosity increases but with a large scatter.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗