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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

High-dimensional and high-resolution x-ray tomography for energy materials science

At the forefront of developments in synchrotron x-ray microscopy, we report nanoscale-resolution high-dimensional spectrotomography under controlled sample environments has been demonstrated. Such cutting-edge experimental capability has been broadly applied to scientific studies in the field of energy materials science, where the dynamically evolving structural and chemical defects play a vital role in the functionality. In this article, we review novel developments of this technique from both experimental and data/information mining perspectives. Using studies on lithium-ion battery electrode materials as examples, we highlight the rich information in the high-dimensional and high-resolution x-ray tomographic data, which can be used to interpret the complicated thermal-electro-chemo-mechanical interplay that occurs under the operating conditions and collectively determines battery performance. We also discuss the frontier challenges in this field and our perspectives of the future directions in the context of projected major developments in the landscape of largescale x-ray facilities across the globe.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2010

High-Resolution X-Ray Telescopes

Fundamental needs for future x-ray telescopes: a) Sharp images => excellent angular resolution. b) High throughput => large aperture areas. Generation-X optics technical challenges: a) High resolution => precision mirrors & alignment. b) Large apertures => lots of lightweight mirrors. Innovation needed for technical readiness: a) 4 top-level error terms contribute to image size. b) There are approaches to controlling those errors. Innovation needed for manufacturing readiness. Programmatic issues are comparably challenging.

ODell, Stephen L.↗
NASA NTRS1971

High resolution portable holocamera

High resolution portable hologram recording camera with pulsed ruby laser light source and rechargeable storage batteries as self contained power supply

Close, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1975

High resolution spectrograph

The high resolution spectrograph (HRS) is designed to be used with the Large Space Telescope (LST) for the study of spectra of point and extended targets in the spectral range 110 to 410 nm. It has spectral resolutions of 1,000; 30,000; and 100,000 and has a field of view as large as 10 arc sec. The spectral range and resolution are selectable using interchangeable optical components and an echelle spectrograph is used to display a cross dispersed spectrum on the photocathode of either of 2 SEC orthicon image tubes. Provisions are included for wavelength calibration, target identification and acquisition and thermal control. The system considerations of the instrument are described.

Peacock, K.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Deep learning-driven super-resolution in Raman hyperspectral imaging: Efficient high-resolution reconstruction from low-resolution data

Deep learning (DL) has become an indispensable tool in hyperspectral data analysis, automatically extracting valuable features from complex, high-dimensional datasets. Super-resolution reconstruction, an essential aspect of hyperspectral data, involves enhancing spatial resolution, particularly relevant to low-resolution hyperspectral data. Yet, the pursuit of super-resolution in hyperspectral analysis is fraught with challenges, including acquiring ground truth high-resolution data for training, generalization, and scalability. The pressing issue of extended spectral acquisition times, notably for high-resolution scans, is a significant roadblock in hyperspectral imaging. Super-resolution methods offer a promising solution by providing higher spatial resolution data to expedite data collection and yield more efficient outcomes. This paper delves into a practical application of these concepts using Raman imaging, where spectral acquisition times can be prohibitively long. In this context, DL-based super-resolution models demonstrate their efficacy by predicting and reconstructing high-resolution Raman data from low-resolution input, eliminating the need for resource-intensive high-resolution scans. While previous work often relied on substantial high-resolution datasets, this study showcases the ability to achieve similar outcomes even with limited data, presenting a more practical and cost-effective approach. In conclusion, the results offer a glimpse into the transformative potential of this technology to streamline hyperspectral imaging applications by saving valuable time and resources through the successful generation of high-resolution data from low-resolution inputs.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS2000

Abrupt Changes at the Permian/Triassic Boundary: Tempo of Events from High-Resolution Cyclostratigraphy

The Permian/Triassic (P/Tr) boundary (251.4 +/- 3 Myr) is marked by the most severe mass extinction in the geologic record. Recently, precise absolute dating has bracketed the marine extinctions and associated carbon-isotope anomaly within less than 1 Myr. We improve this resolution through high-resolution stratigraphy across the P/Tr boundary in the 331-m Gartnerkofel-1 core and nearby Reppwand outcrop section (Carnic Alps, Austria) utilizing FFT and wavelet timeseries analyses of cyclic components in down-hole core logs of density and natural gamma-ray intensity, and carbon-isotopic ratios of bulk samples. The wavelet analysis indicates continuity of deposition across the P/Tr boundary interval, and the timeseries analyses show evidence for persistent cycles in the ratio of approximately 40: 10: 4.7: 2.3 meters, correlated with Milankovitch-band orbital cycles of approximately 412: 100: 40: 20 kyr (eccentricity 1 and 2, obliquity, and precession), and giving a consistent average sedimentation rate of approximately 10 cm/1,000 yr. Milankovitch periods in delta C-13 and density in these shallow-water carbonates were most likely the result of climatically induced oscillations of sea level and climate, coupled with changes in ocean circulation and productivity, that affected sedimentation. Fluctuations in gamma radiation reflect varying input of clay minerals and the presence of shaly interbeds. Throughout the P/Tr boundary interval in the core, the 100,000-year eccentricity cycle seems to be dominant. Weaker obliquity and precession cycles are in line with the location of the Austrian section in the latest Permian, close to the Equator in the western bight of the Tethys, where obliquity and precessional effects on seasonal contrast might be subdued. Using the improved resolution provided by cycle analysis in the GK-1 core, we find that the dramatic change in the faunal record that marks the P/Tr boundary takes place over less than 6m, or less than 60,000 years. In the nearby Reppwand outcrop section, the same faunal changes occurs over only 0.8 m or about 8,000 years, close to the limit of time-resolution induced by bioturbation and reworking in these sediments. The sharp negative global carbon-isotope shift took place within less than or equal to 40,000 yr, and the isotope excursions persisted for approximately 480,000 yr into the Early Triassic. The results indicate that the severe marine faunal event that marks the P/Tr boundary was very sudden, perhaps less than the resolution window in the GK-1 core, and suggest a catastrophic cause. The wavelet-analysis approach to high-resolution cyclostratigraphy can be applied to other P/Tr boundary sections, and when combined with precise absolute dating and magnetostratigraphic methods promises a significant increase in resolution in determining the correlation and tempo of the end-Permian extinctions and related events worldwide.

Rampino, M. R.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility high resolution camera

The HRC (High Resolution Camera) is a photon counting instrument to be flown on the Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF). It is a large field of view, high angular resolution, detector for the X-ray telescope. The HRC consists of a CsI coated microchannel plate (MCP) acting as a soft X-ray photocathode, followed by a second MCP for high electronic gain. The MCPs are readout by a crossed grid of resistively coupled wires to provide high spatial resolution along with timing and pulse height data. The instrument will be used in two modes, as a direct imaging detector with a limiting sensitivity of 10 to the -15th ergs/sq cm sec in a 10 to the 5th second exposure, and as a readout for an objective transmission grating providing spectral resolution of several hundreds to thousands.

Murray, Stephen S.↗
NASA NTRS1984

High-resolution color images of Io

Color versions of the highest resolution Voyager images of Io were produced by combining the low resolution color images with the high resolution, clear filter images. High resolution versions of the orange, blue, and violet filter images are produced by: orange = high-res clear * low-res orange / low-res clear blue = high-res clear * low-res blue / low-res clear violet = high-res clear * low-res violet / low-res clear. The spectral responses of the high and low resolution clear filter images cancel, leaving the color, while the spatial frequencies of the two low resolution images cancel, leaving the high resolution.

Mcewen, A. S.↗
NASA NTRS2016

Alignment and Distortion-Free Integration of Lightweight Mirrors into Meta-Shells for High-Resolution Astronomical X-Ray Optics

High-resolution, high throughput optics for x-ray astronomy requires fabrication of well-formed mirror segments and their integration with arc-second level precision. Recently, advances of fabrication of silicon mirrors developed at NASA/Goddard prompted us to develop a new method of mirror integration. The new integration scheme takes advantage of the stiffer, more thermally conductive, and lower-CTE silicon, compared to glass, to build a telescope of much lighter weight. In this paper, we address issues of aligning and bonding mirrors with this method. In this preliminary work, we demonstrated the basic viability of such scheme. Using glass mirrors, we demonstrated that alignment error of 1" and bonding error 2" can be achieved for mirrors in a single shell. We will address the immediate plan to demonstrate the bonding reliability and to develop technology to build up a mirror stack and a whole "meta-shell".

X-ray optics↗
NASA NTRS2010

An Overview of High-Resolution, Non-Dispersive, Imaging Spectrometers for High-Energy Photons

High-resolution x-ray spectroscopy has become a powerful tool for studying the evolving universe. The grating spectrometers on the XMM and Chandra satellites initiated a new era in x-ray astronomy. Despite their successes, there is still need for instrumentation that can provide higher spectral resolution with high throughput in the Fe-K band and for extended sources. What is needed is a non-dispersive imaging spectrometer - essentially a 14-bit x-ray color camera. And a requirement for a nondispersive spectrometer designed to provide eV-scale spectral resolution is a temperature below 0.1 K. The required spectral resolution and the constraints of thermodynamics and engineering dictate the temperature regime nearly independently of the details of the sensor or the read-out technology. Low-temperature spectrometers can be divided into two classes - - equilibrium and non-equilibrium. In the equilibrium devices, or calorimeters, the energy is deposited in an isolated thermal mass and the resulting increase in temperature is measured. In the non-equilibrium devices, the absorbed energy produces quantized excitations that are counted to determine the energy. The two approaches have different strong points, and within each class a variety of optimizations have been pursued. I will present the basic fundamentals of operation and the details of the most successful device designs to date. I will also discuss how the measurement priorities (resolution, energy band, count rate) influence the optimal choice of detector technology.

Kilbourne, Caroline↗