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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

EF-Hand Battle Royale: Hetero-ion Complexation in Lanmodulin

The lanmodulin (LanM) protein has emerged as an effective means for rare earth element (REE) extraction and separation from complex feedstocks without the use of organic solvents. Whereas the binding of LanM to individual REEs has been well characterized, little is known about the thermodynamics of mixed metal binding complexes (i.e., heterogeneous ion complexes), which limits the ability to accurately predict separation performance for a given metal ion mixture. In this paper, we employ the law of mass action to establish a theory of perfect cooperativity for LanM-REE complexation at the two highest-affinity binding sites. The theory is then used to derive an equation that explains the nonintuitive REE binding behavior of LanM, where separation factors for binary pairs of ions vary widely based on the ratio of ions in the aqueous phase, a phenomenon that is distinct from single-ion-binding chemical chelators. We then experimentally validate this theory and perform the first quantitative characterization of LanM complexation with heterogeneous ion pairs using resin-immobilized LanM. Importantly, the resulting homogeneous and heterogeneous constants enable accurate prediction of the equilibrium state of LanM in the presence of mixtures of up to 10 REEs, confirming that the perfect cooperativity model is an accurate mechanistic description of REE complexation by LanM. We further employ the model to simulate separation performance over a range of homogeneous and heterogeneous binding constants, revealing important insights into how mixed binding differentially impacts REE separations based on the relative positioning of the ion pairs within the lanthanide series. In addition to informing REE separation process optimization, these results provide mathematical and experimental insight into competition dynamics in other ubiquitous and medically relevant, cooperative binding proteins, such as calmodulin.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Let’s get our hands dirty: a comprehensive evaluation of DAQDB, key-value store for petascale hot storage

Data acquisition systems are a key component for successful data taking in any experiment. The DAQ is a complex distributed computing system and coordinates all operations, from the data selection stage of interesting events to storage elements. For the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, the experiments at CERN need to meet challenging requirements to record data with a much higher occupancy in the detectors. The DAQ system will receive and deliver data with a significantly increased trigger rate, one million events per second, and capacity, terabytes of data per second. An effective way to meet these requirements is to decouple real-time data acquisition from event selection. Data fragments can be temporarily stored in a large distributed key-value store. Fragments belonging to the same event can be then queried on demand, by the data selection processes. Implementing such a model relies on a proper combination of emerging technologies, such as persistent memory, NVMe SSDs, scalable networking, and data structures, as well as high performance, scalable software. In this paper, we present DAQDB (Data Acquisition Database) — an open source implementation of this design that was presented earlier, with an extensive evaluation of this approach, from the single node to the distributed performance. Furthermore, we complement our study with a description of the challenges faced and the lessons learned while integrating DAQDB with the existing software framework of the ATLAS experiment.

Abed Abud, Adam↗
DOE OSTI2022

Handing off the outcome of binary neutron star mergers for accurate and long-term postmerger simulations

In this work, we perform binary neutron star (BNS) merger simulations in full dynamical general relativity with IllinoisGRMHD, on a Cartesian grid with adaptive-mesh refinement. After the remnant black hole has become nearly stationary, the evolution of the surrounding accretion disk on Cartesian grids over long timescales (~1s) is suboptimal, as Cartesian coordinates over-resolve the angular coordinates at large distances, and the accreting plasma flows obliquely across coordinate lines dissipating angular momentum artificially from the disk. To address this, we present the HandOff, a set of computational tools that enables the transfer of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) and spacetime data from IllinoisGRMHD to harm3d, a GRMHD code that specializes in modeling black hole accretion disks in static spacetimes over long timescales, making use of general coordinate systems with spherical topology. We demonstrate that the handoff allows for a smooth and reliable transition of GRMHD fields and spacetime data, enabling us to efficiently and reliably evolve BNS dynamics well beyond merger. We also discuss future plans, which involve incorporating advanced equations of state and neutrino physics into BNS simulations using the HandOff approach.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Hands-On Computer Science: The Array of Things Experimental Urban Instrument

Chicago's Array of Things (AoT) project is aptly described as a technology experiment or a "smart city" prototype. The concept of such an extensible "instrument" arose within a larger translational research vision applying computer science and engineering research for the multidimensional benefit of people and communities in cities. The AoT project hypothesized that wireless intelligent sensor networks could enable both quantitative social science and urban monitoring while also stimulating youth interest in science and technology. Successful deployment of such sensor networks could provide open data from urban measurements not only in support of diverse research questions-in environmental dynamics, urban architecture, engineering, and social sciences-but also informing community groups and city planners. Further, the AoT project and its successor SAGE project are a computer science and engineering experiment, but its success is inextricably tied to community engagement and experiential education. Simply put, community acceptance is a prerequisite to installing and testing the instrument.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Hands-on Introduction to Shock Physics (2020 Report, RR2020-IPD-1)

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) researchers have played key roles in the development of high-pressure science and shock physics since the 1950s. Central to the Laboratory’s experimental capability are multiple impact systems and explosive loading capabilities that span impact velocities in excess of 8 km/s. More recently, our efforts have taken us to 3rd and 4th generation light sources where these loading platforms are coupled to X-ray diagnostics that are now providing new insights into matter-at-extremes. As the availability of these new diagnostics and loading techniques increases, there is an increased need within the high pressure community for researchers with the knowledge base and expertise to use them. Few institutions offer any level of theoretical or experimental coursework designed to train students for work in the field of shock physics or dynamic compression science, and those that do cannot meet the current demand of the national laboratories.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Hand-Stacking and Remote Approach to Critical Using the Planet Assembly [Slides]

Objectives: Gain a working knowledge of how to apply the “½-way ” and “¾” safety rules for performing an approach to critical; Understand how changes in moderator and reflector geometry affect the criticality of a system; and, Understand the importance of conduct of operations in criticality safety

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗