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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Investigation of Reactivities of Bimetallic Cu-Fe Oxygen Carriers with Coal in High Temperature In-situ Gasification Chemical-Looping Combustion (iG-CLC) and Chemical-Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) Using a Fixed Bed Reactor

This study investigated reduction reactivities and CO2 conversion efficiency of synthesized Fe-Cu-Si OCs for both in-situ gasification CLC (iG-CLC) and Chemical-Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) at high temperatures (950 to 1100°C) with varying ratios of OC to coal char (φ) using a fixed bed reactor-quadrupole mass spectrometer system.

Wang, Ping↗
DOE OSTI2025

MultiTaskDeltaNet: change detection-based image segmentation for operando ETEM with application to carbon gasification kinetics

Transforming in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging into a tool for spatially-resolved operando characterization of solid-state reactions requires automated, high-precision semantic segmentation of dynamically evolving features. However, traditional deep learning methods for semantic segmentation often face limitations due to the scarcity of labeled data, visually ambiguous features of interest, and scenarios involving small objects. To tackle these challenges, we introduce MultiTaskDeltaNet (MTDN), a novel deep learning architecture that creatively reconceptualizes the segmentation task as a change detection problem. By implementing a unique Siamese network with a U-Net backbone and using paired images to capture feature changes, MTDN effectively leverages minimal data to produce high-quality segmentations. Furthermore, MTDN utilizes a multi-task learning strategy to exploit correlations between physical features of interest. In an evaluation using data from in situ environmental TEM (ETEM) videos of filamentous carbon gasification, MTDN demonstrated a significant advantage over conventional segmentation models, particularly in accurately delineating fine structural features. Notably, MTDN achieved a 10.22% performance improvement over conventional segmentation models in predicting small and visually ambiguous physical features. This work bridges key gaps between deep learning and practical TEM image analysis, advancing automated characterization of nanomaterials in complex experimental settings.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2019

Breakthrough Hybrid CTL Process Integrating Advanced Technologies for Coal Gasification, Natural Gas Partial Oxidation, Warm Syngas Cleanup and Syngas-to-Jet Fuel

The objective of this research and development effort was to develop a breakthrough hybrid CTL process integrating advanced coal gasification (R-Gas) and natural gas partial oxidation technologies from Gas Technology Institute (GTI) (previously developed by Aerojet Rocketdyne (AR)) with advanced warm syngas cleanup (WDP) and advanced syngas-to-liquids (STL) technologies from RTI International to produce cost-competitive jet fuel compared to conventional refining routes and having a greenhouse gas emissions footprint that meets EISA 2007 §526 requirements.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2021

CONVERSION OF COAL WASTES AND MUNICIPAL SOLIDS MIXTURES BY PYROLYSIS TORREFACTION AND ENTRAINED FLOW GASIFICATION

Hundreds of millions of tons of underutilized high-ash, low-energy-density bituminous and anthracite waste coal can be found in the U.S. These stockpiles contribute to water pollution from leaching that is harmful to waterways downstream of the piles. Conventional circulating fluidized combustion power plants use this coal to generate energy but emit toxic trace metals into groundwater (e.g., lead, mercury, arsenic). In addition, refuse-derived fuel (RDF) including municipal solid waste (MSW), biomass, waste plastics, and industrial waste are an enormous and untapped resource that is currently filling landfills or incinerated for low-quality energy with poor emissions. Mainstream Engineering has developed a combined pyrolysis torrefaction entrained flow gasification (PT-EFG) process that utilizes combined waste coal and RDF to create an alternative energy source, increasing energy independence and security and reducing the environmental burden from coal mines and processing facilities. Mainstream’s self-sustaining PT process converts RDF into feedstocks that can be pulverized and handled like conventional coal, enabling combined RDF-waste coal co-feeding into an EFG. The EFG operates at temperatures high enough to slag the ash completely, destroying any residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), converting ash into nonporous vitrified slag or non-leachable ash, and generating high-hydrogen syngas for power generation or liquid fuels. During Phase II, Mainstream successfully demonstrated PT of biomass and MSW into a coal-like feedstock, which was co-gasified with waste coal in an EFG in a combined PT EFG process

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2023

Coal gasification operations with carbon capture (CCS)

Hydrogen production through coal gasification, with carbon capture. To access the model referenced in the report, please visit https://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analysis/details?id=e20c7c55-0123-48e2-a97f-0b967f214767

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2024

Microwave-Assisted Heating for Gasification

Compared to traditional heating, microwave-assisted heating enhances catalyst activity, selectivity and stability. These features are essential in gasification to improve the process outcome while mitigating the generation undesirable by-products such as char. To study the effect of microwaves on fluidized bed reactors, the electromagnetics module of COMSOL and MFiX are coupled using file input/output wherein external calls are made to COMSOL from MFiX. The particle bed heating rates and temperature distributions are investigateed in the case of a monodisperse bed of magnetite particles subjected to single mode transverse electric and magnetic fields in reacting and non-reacting conditions. The effect of inlet gas velocity on the heating rate of particle is also explored in this work.

Koneru, Rahul Babu↗
DOE OSTI2024

Reduction of Iron (III) Oxide in Microwaves Toward Gasification Studies

The purpose of this study is to reduce hematite (Fe2O3) using hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4) gases using microwave irradiation. Conventional temperature programmed reduction of iron phase transformation under H2, CO, and CH4 agree with the literature. Furthermore, the activation energy for the iron phase transformation in a conventional reactor was in the order of H2>CO>CH4, suggesting that CH4 was the best reductant to initiate the reduction at a much lower temperature than CO, and CO was significantly better than H2 atmosphere. Due to the uneven temperature distribution, the apparent activation energy of microwave reduction under H2 was approximately 1/4th when compared to the conventional reduction in H2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a mixed oxide phase in microwave reduction as opposed to the clear phase transformation in conventional studies. To combat the temperature measurement issues in microwave studies, fiber optic sensors and Forward Looking InfraRed (FLIR) sensors were used to acquire the actual temperature distribution in the catalyst bed. Therefore, a reasonably accurate activation energy estimation was achieved in the catalyst bed. Combining these with the characterization and quantification of the different iron phases in microwave reduction will provide a blueprint for future microwave-assisted gasification studies.

Aireddy, Divakar Reddy↗
DOE OSTI2024

Demonstrating the Feasibility of Biomass Pyrolysis Liquid, Coal, Plastic Oil Mixtures for Entrained Flow Gasification

There is interest in co-gasifying coal, biomass and plastic. An attractive alternative is to do that in a pressurized entrained-flow gasifier, technology that has been used for coal gasification for decades. The approach taken in this study is to liquefy biomass through fast pyrolysis and to liquefy waste plastic by thermal decomposition. The liquids form the basis of a slurry that also includes coal particles. In this work, several different compositions of coal-bioliquid-plastic oil slurries were prepared and evaluated for viscosity and settling properties. Suitable composition ranges were identified and are highlighted in the presentation.

Hughey, Logan↗
DOE OSTI2025

Critical Component/Technology Gap in 21 st Century Power Plant Gasification Based Polygeneration: Advanced Ceramic Membranes/Modules for Ultra Efficient Hydrogen (H 2 ) Production/Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Capture for Coal-Based Polygeneration

The 21 st Century Power Plant Gasification Based Polygeneration power plant layout is a relatively straightforward retrofit of well-established ammonia synthesis technology to the baseline IGCC process and envisions co-production of power and chemicals from coal in the context of carbon capture. A Dual Stage Membrane Process (DSMP) for pre-combustion CO 2 capture in a coal fired IGCC power plant has been demonstrated by Media and Process Technology Inc (MPT) (DE-FE0013064) in bench-scale live gas testing at the NCCC. This work, however, highlighted the importance of permeate purge capability to deliver deep H 2 recovery at moderate pressures and high carbon capture performance. Further, in the area of warm gas processing, a permeate purgeable membrane support for a wide range of inorganic high-performance membrane materials (CMS, Pd-alloy, zeolite, ZIF, graphene, etc.) was not available and hence had been a common and significant barrier to their commercialization. Hence, the Critical Technology Gap to implementing the DSMP in the Polygeneration power plant and more broadly in advanced warm gas separation applications was the inability to permeate purge the membranes coupled with the lack of the availability of a high packing density scalable package design. To overcome this Critical Technology Gap, in this project, the primary objective was the development of a permeate purgeable full ceramic support for these high-performance inorganic membranes and the complementary high packing density housing. Our goal and approach were to extend our “candle filter” design to a “dual end open” package to enable permeate purge and scalability. Microporous ceramic membranes have been proven to be a low cost, stable material for high temperature applications under harsh environment. They are the leading support choice of researchers in advanced inorganic membrane development in applications such as pre-combustion CO 2 capture. The new 2nd Generation “dual end open” bundle developed in this project is a universal support for these existing and emerging inorganic membrane technologies that up to now have lacked a pathway out of the laboratory. The full ceramic permeate purgeable support represents a transformational technology and opens the door to commercialization of these advanced membrane materials in a wide array of mega scale commercial applications in gas (and liquid) processing under aggressive conditions not suited to conventional polymeric membranes.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
NASA NTRS1975

Hydrogen manufacture by Lurgi gasification of Oklahoma coal

Advantages and disadvantages of using the Lurgi gasification process to produce hydrogen from Oklahoma coal are listed. Special attention was given to the production of heat for the process; heat is generated by burning part of pretreated coal in the steam generator. Overall performance of the Lurgi process is summarized in tabular form.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1977

Some studies on a solid state sulfur probe for coal gasification systems

Measurements on the solid electrolyte cell (Ar + H(2) + H(2)S/CaS + CaF(2) + (Pt)//CaF(2)//(Pt) + CaF(2) + CaS/H(2) + H(2)+Ar) show that the emf of the cell is directly related to the difference in sulfur potentials established at the Ar + H(2) + H(2)S/electrode interfaces. The electrodes convert the sulfur potential gradient across the calcium fluoride electrolyte into an equivalent fluorine potential gradient. Response time of the probe varies from approximately 9 hr at 990 K to 2.5 hr at 1225 K. The conversion of calcium sulfide and/or calcium fluoride into calcium oxide is not a problem anticipated in commercial coal gasification systems. Suggestions are presented for improving the cell for such commercial applications.

Jacob, K. T.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Lock hopper values for coal gasification plant service

Although the operating principle of the lock hopper system is extremely simple, valve applications involving this service for coal gasification plants are likewise extremely difficult. The difficulties center on the requirement of handling highly erosive pulverized coal or char (either in dry or slurry form) combined with the requirement of providing tight sealing against high-pressure (possibly very hot) gas. Operating pressures and temperatures in these applications typically range up to 1600 psi (110bar) and 600F (316C), with certain process requirements going even higher. In addition, and of primary concern, is the need for reliable operation over long service periods with the provision for practical and economical maintenance. Currently available data indicate the requirement for something in the order of 20,000 to 30,000 open-close cycles per year and a desire to operate at least that long without valve failure.

Schoeneweis, E. F.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Some studies on a solid-state sulfur probe for coal gasification systems

As a part of a program for the development of a sulfur probe for monitoring the sulfur potential in coal gasification reactors, an investigation was conducted regarding the efficiency of the solid electrolyte cell Ar+H2+H2S/CaS+CaF2+(Pt)//CaF2//Pt)+CaF2+CaS/H2S+H2+Ar. A demonstration is provided of the theory, design, and operation of a solid-state sulfur probe based on CaF2 electrolyte. It was found that the cell responds to changes in sulfur potential in a manner predicted by the Nernst equation. The response time of the cell at 1225 K, after a small change in temperature or gas composition, was 2.5 Hr, while at a lower temperature of 990 K the response time was approximately 9 hr. The cell emf was insensitive to a moderate increase in the flow rate of the test gas and/or the reference gas. The exact factors affecting the slow response time of galvanic cells based on a CaF2 electrolyte have not yet been determined. The rate-limiting steps may be either the kinetics of electrode reactions or the rate of transport through the electrolyte.

Jacob, K. T.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Coal gasification systems engineering and analysis. Appendix B: Medium B+U gas design

A four module, 20,000 TPD, based on KT coal gasification technology was designed. The plant processes Kentucky No. 9 coal with provisions for up to five percent North Alabama coal. Medium BTU gas with heat content of 305 BTU/SCF and not more than 200 ppm sulfur is the primary plant product. Sulfur is recovered for scale as prilled sulfur. Ash disposal is on site. The plant is designed for zero water discharge. Trade studies provided the basis for not using boiler produced steam to drive prime movers. Thus process derived steam in excess of process requirements in superheated for power use in prime movers. Electricity from the TVA grid is used to supply the balance of the plant prime mover power requirements. A study of the effect of mine mouth coal cleaning showed that coal cleaning is not an economically preferred route. The design procedure involved defining available processes to meet the requirements of each system, technical/economic trade studies to select the preferred processes, and engineering design and flow sheet development for each module. Cost studies assumed a staggered construction schedule for the four modules beginning spring 1981 and a 90% on stream factor.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1980

Coal gasification systems engineering and analysis. Appendix F: Critical technology items/issues

Critical technology items and issues are defined in which there is a need for developmental research in order to assure technical and economic success for the state of the art of coal gasification in the United States. Technology development needs for the main processing units and the supporting units are discussed. While development needs are shown for a large number of systems, the most critical areas are associated with the gasifier itself and those systems which either feed the gasifier or directly receive products form the gasifier.

Source record↗