Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “electronics”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

Electron-temperature dependence of dissociative recombination of electrons with N2/+/.N2 dimer ions

The variation with electron temperature of the dissociative recombination of electrons with N2(+).N2 dimer ions is investigated in light of the importance of such ions in the lower ionosphere and in laser plasmas. Dissociative recombination coefficients were determined by means of a microwave afterglow mass spectrometer technique for electron temperatures from 300-5600 K and an ion and neutral temperature of 300 K. The recombination coefficient is found to be proportional to the -0.41 power of the electron temperature in this range, similar to that observed for the CO(+).CO dimer ion and consistent with the expected energy dependence for a fast dissociative process.

Whitaker, M.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Electrons in the ionospheric source cone - Evidence for runaway electrons as carriers of downward Birkeland currents

Extremely intense field-aligned fluxes of low energy electrons have been observed with ISIS-2 streaming out of the ionosphere at auroral latitudes. Fluxes in excess of 10 billion per sq cm sec ster at energies below 500 eV with peak fluxes from 10 to 100 eV were detected at 1400 km. The electrons are very strongly field-aligned, having pitch angles confined within 10 deg of the magnetic field. Since they are so intense and so highly collimated they cannot be produced by atmospheric backscattering of a primary auroral beam. These electrons are sometimes associated with ionospheric ions that have been accelerated transverse to the magnetic field. They occur in regions of downward field-aligned current, and may thus be carriers of the current, thus far unidentified. It is suggested that they are runaway electrons from the ionosphere produced by a downward field-aligned component of the electric field.

Klumpar, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1984

s-wave threshold in electron attachment - Results in 2-C4F6 and CFCl3 at ultra-low electron energies

Electron attachment lineshapes and cross sections are reported for the processes 2-C4F6(-)/2-C4F6 and Cl(-)/CFCl3 at electron energies of 0-120 and 0-140 meV, and at resolutions of 6 and 7 meV (FWHM), respectively. As in previous measurements in CCl4 and SF6, the results show resolution-limited narrow structure in the cross section at electron energies below 15 meV. This structure arises from the divergence of the s-wave cross section in the limit of zero electron energy. Comparisons are given with swarm-measured results, and with collisional ionization (high-Rydberg attachment) data in this energy range.

Chutjian, A.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Projection and quasi-projection operators for electron impact resonances on many-electron atomic targets

A framework is established for deriving true projection operators in electron resonance calculations involving many electron targets (ions and atoms). The analytical approach is based on Feshbach's formalism the true and quasi-projection operators (QPO) one-electron systems. In the case of QPOs, the formalism is explicitly generalized to treat autoionization states lying in the region of inelastic scattering. In order to illustrate the analytical method, a recent calculation of the lowest 2P0 resonance in He is described. The application of the modified Feshbach formalism to calculation of nonresonant phase shifts in many electron systems is also discussed.

Temkin, A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Electron-impact ionization and electron attachment cross sections of radicals important in transient gaseous discharges

Electron-impact ionization and electron attachment cross sections of radicals and excited molecules were measured using an apparatus that consists of an electron beam, a molecular beam and a laser beam. The information obtained is needed for the pulse power applications in the areas of high power gaseous discharge switches, high energy lasers, particle beam experiments, and electromagnetic pulse systems. The basic data needed for the development of optically-controlled discharge switches were also investigated. Transient current pulses induced by laser irradiation of discharge media were observed and applied for the study of electron-molecule reaction kinetics in gaseous discharges.

Lee, Long C.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Reduction of plasma electron density in a gas ionized by an electron beam - Use of a gaseous dielectric

Propagation of an electron beam through a gas creates a secondary electron/ion plasma which can have subsequent deleterious effects on the propagation of the beam. In the case of pulsed electron beams with short micropulse durations, these effects can be greatly reduced through the use of a small doping fraction of an electron attachment gas. We present a model which allows the calculation of the reduction in unbound plasma electron density attainable with a gaseous dielectric dopant. Potential problems with a dopant, including increased ionization, increased scattering, altered refractive index, and dopant saturation and fragmentation, are discussed.

Reid, Max B.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Fine Structure in the Secondary Electron Emission Peak for Diamond Crystal with (100) Negative Electron Affinity Surface

A fine structure was discovered in the low-energy peak of the secondary electron emission spectra of the diamond surface with negative electron affinity. We studied this structure for the (100) surface of the natural type-IIb diamond crystal. We have found that the low-energy peak consists of a total of four maxima. The relative energy positions of three of them could be related to the electron energy minima near the bottom of the conduction band. The fourth peak, having the lowest energy, was attributed to the breakup of the bulk exciton at the surface during the process of secondary electron emission.

Asnin, V. M.↗
NASA NTRS2016

APES: Acute Precipitating Electron Spectrometer - A High Time Resolution Monodirectional Magnetic Deflection Electron Spectrometer

We present a description of the Acute Precipitating Electron Spectrometer (APES) that was designed and built for the Ground-to-Rocket Electron Electrodynamics Correlative Experiment (GREECE) auroral sounding rocket mission. The purpose was to measure the precipitating electron spectrum with high time resolution, on the order of milliseconds. The trade-off made in order to achieve high time resolution was to limit the aperture to only one look direction. The energy selection was done by using a permanent magnet to separate the incoming electrons, such that the different energies would fall onto different regions of the microchannel plate and therefore be detected by different anodes. A rectangular microchannel plate (MCP) was used (15 mm x 100 mm), and there was a total of 50 discrete anodes under the MCP, each one 15 mm x 1.5 mm, with a 0.5 mm spacing between anodes. The target energy range of APES was 200 eV to 30 keV.

Michell, R. G.↗
NASA NTRS2017

The Martian Dust Devil Electron Avalanche: Laboratory Measurements of the E-Field Fortifying Effects of Dust-Electron Absorption

Analogous to terrestrial dust devils, charged dust in Mars dust devils should become vertically stratified in the convective features, creating large scale E-fields. This E-field in a Martian-like atmosphere has been shown to stimulate the development of a Townsend discharge (electron avalanche) that acts to dissipate charge in regions where charge build-up occurs. While the stratification of the charged dust is a source of the electrical energy, the uncharged particulates in the dust population may absorb a portion of these avalanching electrons, thereby inhibiting dissipation and leading to the development of anomalously large E-field values. We performed a laboratory study that does indeed show the presence of enhanced E-field strengths between an anode and cathode when dust-absorbing filaments (acting as particulates) are placed in the avalanching electron flow. Further, the E-field threshold condition to create an impulsive spark discharge increases to larger values as more filaments are placed between the anode and cathode. We conclude that the spatially separated charged dust creates the charge centers and E-fields in a dust devil, but the under-charged portion of the population acts to reduce Townsend electron dissipation currents, further fortifying the development of larger-than-expected E-fields.

Farrell, W. M.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Observation of Strong Two-Electron-One-Photon Transitions in Few-Electron Ions

We resonantly excite the K series of O5+ and O6+ up to principal quantum number n = 11 with monochromatic x rays, producing K-shell holes, and observe their relaxation by soft-x-ray emission. Some photoabsorption resonances of O5+ reveal strong two-electron–one-photon (TEOP) transitions. We find that for the [(1s2s)15p3/2]3/2;1/2 states, TEOP relaxation is by far stronger than the radiative decay and competes with the usually much faster Auger decay path. This enhanced TEOP decay arises from a strong correlation with the near-degenerate upper states [(1s2p3/2 )14s]3/2;1/2 of a Li-like satellite blend of the He-like Kα transition. Even in three-electron systems, TEOP transitions can play a dominant role, and the present results should guide further research on the ubiquitous and abundant many-electron ions where electronic energy degeneracies are far more common and configuration mixing is stronger.

M Togawa↗
NASA NTRS2021

Electron Bernstein waves and narrow band plasma waves near the electron cyclotron frequency in the near-Sun solar wind

Context. Recent studies of the solar wind sunward of 0.25 AU reveal that it contains quiescent regions, with low-amplitude plasma and magnetic field fluctuations, and a magnetic field direction similar to the Parker spiral. The quiescent regions are thought to have a more direct magnetic connection to the solar corona than other types of solar wind, suggesting that waves or instabilities in the quiescent regions are indicative of the early evolution of the solar wind as it escapes the corona. The quiescent solar wind regions are highly unstable to the formation of plasma waves near the electron cyclotron frequency (fce). Aims. We examine high time resolution observations of these waves in an effort to understand their impact on electron distribution functions of the quiescent near-Sun solar wind. Methods. High time resolution waveform captures of near-fce waves were examined to determine variations of their amplitude and frequency in time as well as their polarization properties. Results. We demonstrate that the near-fce wave intervals contain several distinct wave types, including electron Bernstein waves and extremely narrowband waves that are highly sensitive to the ambient magnetic field orientation. Using the properties of these waves, we suggest possible plasma wave mode classifications and possible instabilities that generate these waves. The results of this analysis indicate that these waves may modify the cold core of the electron distribution functions in the quiescent near-Sun solar wind.

David M. Malaspina↗
NASA NTRS1973

Comparison of electron and electronic temperatures in recombining nozzle flow of ionized nitrogen-hydrogen mixture. I, II.

Relaxation of the population distribution of electronic states is studied theoretically for a highly ionized nitrogen-hydrogen mixture expanding through a nozzle wherein the hydrogen content is less than 0.1%. The analysis incorporates quantum-mechanical rate coefficients, and considers the effects of wall cooling and absorption of radiation. Calculations are carried out for a condition produced experimentally. Visible and infrared line radiations from nitrogen and hydrogen were measured with a spectrograph. The geometry and stagnation conditions were those calculated theoretically. The experiment confirms quantitatively the predictions that the electronic excitation temperatures of hydrogen and (3P) core states of nitrogen are higher than the electron temperature, and that (3P) excitation temperatures exhibit maxima within the nozzle.

Park, C.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Electron-impact excitation of UF6 at an electron energy of 20 eV in the energy-loss range of 0-10 eV

A technique combining electron impact excitation and optical absorption spectroscopy was applied to UF6. The crucial features of the experiment were that: (1) the electron optics was differentially pumped relative to the scattering chamber and (2) the target UF6 beam was condensed on a liquid nitrogen cold trap placed immediately above the scattering center. Energy loss spectra are presented at an incident electron energy of 20 eV and at scattering angles between 20 and 135 degrees. It is shown that no transitions are found below the first-detected feature at 3.0 eV and an optically forbidden excitation is found at 4.2 eV. A fairly strong optical absorption at 4.8 eV is observed to 'fill-in' at a scattering angle of 20 degrees but is practically absent at higher angles.

Chutjian, A.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Departures of the electron energy distribution from a Maxwellian in hydrogen. I - Formulation and solution of the electron kinetic equation. II - Consequences

The problem of calculating the steady-state free-electron energy distribution in a hydrogen gas is considered in order to study departures of that distribution from a Maxwellian at sufficiently low degrees of ionization. A model kinetic equation is formulated and solved analytically for the one-particle electron distribution function in a steady-state partially ionized hydrogen gas, and it is shown that the formal solution can be accurately approximated by using the WKB method. The solutions obtained indicate that the high-energy tail of the distribution is susceptible to distortion by imbalanced inelastic collisions for ionization fractions not exceeding about 0.1 and that such departures from a Maxwellian can lead to significant changes in the collisional excitation and ionization rates of ground-state hydrogen atoms. Expressions for the electron-hydrogen collision rates are derived which explicitly display their dependence on the hydrogen departure coefficients. The results are applied in order to compare self-consistent predictions with those based on the a priori assumption of a Maxwellian distribution for models of the thermal ionization equilibrium of hydrogen in the optically thin limit, spectral-line formation by a gas consisting of two-level atoms, and radiative transfer in finite slabs by a gas of four-level hydrogen atoms.

Shoub, E. C.↗