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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2012

NASA Tech Briefs, May 2012

Topics covered include: An "Inefficient Fin" Non-Dimensional Parameter to Measure Gas Temperatures Efficiently; On-Wafer Measurement of a Multi-Stage MMIC Amplifier with 10 dB of Gain at 475 GHz; Software to Control and Monitor Gas Streams; Miniaturized Laser Heterodyne Radiometer (LHR) for Measurements of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmospheric Column; Anomaly Detection in Test Equipment via Sliding Mode Observers; Absolute Position of Targets Measured Through a Chamber Window Using Lidar Metrology Systems; Goldstone Solar System Radar Waveform Generator; Fast and Adaptive Lossless Onboard Hyperspectral Data Compression System; Iridium Interfacial Stack - IrIS; Downsampling Photodetector Array with Windowing; Optical Phase Recovery and Locking in a PPM Laser Communication Link; High-Speed Edge-Detecting Line Scan Smart Camera; Optical Communications Channel Combiner; Development of Thermal Infrared Sensor to Supplement Operational Land Imager; Amplitude-Stabilized Oscillator for a Capacitance-Probe Electrometer; Automated Performance Characterization of DSN System Frequency Stability Using Spacecraft Tracking Data; Histogrammatic Method for Determining Relative Abundance of Input Gas Pulse; Predictive Sea State Estimation for Automated Ride Control and Handling - PSSEARCH; LEGION: Lightweight Expandable Group of Independently Operating Nodes; Real-Time Projection to Verify Plan Success During Execution; Automated Performance Characterization of DSN System Frequency Stability Using Spacecraft Tracking Data; Web-Based Customizable Viewer for Mars Network Overflight Opportunities; Fabrication of a Cryogenic Terahertz Emitter for Bolometer Focal Plane Calibrations; Fabrication of an Absorber-Coupled MKID Detector; Graphene Transparent Conductive Electrodes for Next- Generation Microshutter Arrays; Method of Bonding Optical Elements with Near-Zero Displacement; Free-Mass and Interface Configurations of Hammering Mechanisms; Wavefront Compensation Segmented Mirror Sensing and Control; Long-Life, Lightweight, Multi-Roller Traction Drives for Planetary Vehicle Surface Exploration; Reliable Optical Pump Architecture for Highly Coherent Lasers Used in Space Metrology Applications; Electrochemical Ultracapacitors Using Graphitic Nanostacks; Improved Whole-Blood-Staining Device; Monitoring Location and Angular Orientation of a Pill; Molecular Technique to Reduce PCR Bias for Deeper Understanding of Microbial Diversity; Laser Ablation Electrodynamic Ion Funnel for In Situ Mass Spectrometry on Mars; High-Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer for the Global Hawk Unmanned Aerial Vehicle; PRTs and Their Bonding for Long-Duration, Extreme-Temperature Environments; Mid- and Long-IR Broadband Quantum Well Photodetector; 3D Display Using Conjugated Multiband Bandpass Filters; Real-Time, Non-Intrusive Detection of Liquid Nitrogen in Liquid Oxygen at High Pressure and High Flow; Method to Enhance the Operation of an Optical Inspection Instrument Using Spatial Light Modulators; Dual-Compartment Inflatable Suitlock; Large-Strain Transparent Magnetoactive Polymer Nanocomposites; Thermodynamic Vent System for an On-Orbit Cryogenic Reaction Control Engine; Time Distribution Using SpaceWire in the SCaN Testbed on ISS; and Techniques for Solution- Assisted Optical Contacting.

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NASA NTRS2000

Development of Thick-Film Thermoelectric Microcoolers Using Electrochemical Deposition

Advanced thermoelectric microdevices integrated into thermal management packages and low power, electrical source systems are of interest for a variety of space and terrestrial applications. By shrinking the size of the thermoelements, or legs, of these devices, it becomes possible to handle much higher heat fluxes, as well as operate at much lower currents and higher voltages that are more compatible with electronic components. The miniaturization of state-of-the-art thermoelectric module technology based on Bi2Te3 alloys is limited due to mechanical and manufacturing constraints for both leg dimensions (100-200 gm thick minimum) and the number of legs (100-200 legs maximum). We are investigating the development of novel microdevices combining high thermal conductivity substrate materials such as diamond, thin film metallization and patterning technology, and electrochemical deposition of thick thermoelectric films. It is anticipated that thermoelectric microcoolers with thousands of thermocouples and capable of pumping more than 200 W/sq cm over a 30 to 60 K temperature difference can be fabricated. In this paper, we report on our progress in developing an electrochemical deposition process for obtaining 10-50 microns thick films of Bi2Te3 and its solid solutions. Results presented here indicate that good quality n-type Bi2Te3, n-type Bi2Te(2.95)Se(0.05) and p-type Bi(0.5)Sb(1.5)Te3 thick films can be deposited by this technique. Some details about the fabrication of the miniature thermoelements are also described.

Fleurial, J.-P.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Electrically rechargeable redox flow cells

Considering the topographical and sizing requirements for a typical pumped water storage installation and the immergence of energy conversion schemes that are time-dependent as to their generating capability, a closer look is being given to nonpumped water storage schemes for storing electricity. An electrochemical bulk power storage concept, called a rechargeable redox flow cell, is described. This scheme, based on pumping a redox couple through a power conversion section, appears to offer high overall efficiency, no cycle life limitations for the electrodes, and deep discharge capability.

Thaller, L. H.↗
NASA NTRS2004

NASA Tech Briefs, February 2004

Topics include: Simulation Testing of Embedded Flight Software; Improved Indentation Test for Measuring Nonlinear Elasticity; Ultraviolet-Absorption Spectroscopic Biofilm Monitor; Electronic Tongue for Quantitation of Contaminants in Water; Radar for Measuring Soil Moisture Under Vegetation; Modular Wireless Data-Acquisition and Control System; Microwave System for Detecting Ice on Aircraft; Routing Algorithm Exploits Spatial Relations; Two-Finger EKG Method of Detecting Evasive Responses; Updated System-Availability and Resource-Allocation Program; Routines for Computing Pressure Drops in Venturis; Software for Fault-Tolerant Matrix Multiplication; Reproducible Growth of High-Quality Cubic-SiC Layers; Nonlinear Thermoelastic Model for SMAs and SMA Hybrid Composites; Liquid-Crystal Thermosets, a New Generation of High-Performance Liquid-Crystal Polymers; Formulations for Stronger Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell Electrolytes; Simulation of Hazards and Poses for a Rocker-Bogie Rover; Autonomous Formation Flight; Expandable Purge Chambers Would Protect Cryogenic Fittings; Wavy-Planform Helicopter Blades Make Less Noise; Miniature Robotic Spacecraft for Inspecting Other Spacecraft; Miniature Ring-Shaped Peristaltic Pump; Compact Plasma Accelerator; Improved Electrohydraulic Linear Actuators; A Software Architecture for Semiautonomous Robot Control; Fabrication of Channels for Nanobiotechnological Devices; Improved Thin, Flexible Heat Pipes; Miniature Radioisotope Thermoelectric Power Cubes; Permanent Sequestration of Emitted Gases in the Form of Clathrate Hydrates; Electrochemical, H2O2-Boosted Catalytic Oxidation System; Electrokinetic In Situ Treatment of Metal-Contaminated Soil; Pumping Liquid Oxygen by Use of Pulsed Magnetic Fields; Magnetocaloric Pumping of Liquid Oxygen; Tailoring Ion-Thruster Grid Apertures for Greater Efficiency; and Lidar for Guidance of a Spacecraft or Exploratory Robot.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1974

Electrically rechargeable redox flow cells

Considering the topographical and sizing requirements for a typical pumped water storage installation and the immergence of energy conversion schemes that are time dependent as to their generating capability, a closer look is being given to nonpumped water storage schemes for storing electricity. An electrochemical bulk power storage concept, which was named a rechargeable redox flow cell is described. This scheme, based on pumping a redox couple through a power conversion section, appears to offer high overall efficiency, no cycle life limitations for the electrodes, and deep discharger capability.

Thaller, L. H.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Flow battery flow field having volume that is function of power parameter, time parameter and concentration parameter

A flow battery includes a cell that has first and second flow fields spaced apart from each other and an electrolyte separator layer. A supply/storage system is external of the cell and includes first and second vessels fluidly connected with the first and second flow fields, and first and second pumps configured to selectively move first and second fluid electrolytes between the vessels and the first and second flow fields. The flow fields each have an electrochemically active zone that is configured to receive flow of the fluid electrolytes. The electrochemically active zone has a total open volume that is a function of at least one of a power parameter of the flow battery, a time parameter of the pumps and a concentration parameter of the fluid electrolytes.

Smeltz, Andrew↗
DOE OSTI2021

USAID Grid-Scale Energy Storage Technologies Primer

This work provides an overview and compares key operating characteristics of select energy storage technologies. This work explores how these storage technologies may be used to improve the flexibility and reliability of power systems given their technical characteristics. The report covers various electrochemical (lithium-ion, lead-acid, flow, sodium-sulfur), chemical (hydrogen), mechanical (pumped hydro storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheels, gravity) and electrical (supercapacitors) storage mediums.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
NASA NTRS1992

Convection of tin in a Bridgman system. I - Flow characterization by effective diffusivity measurements

An electrochemical titration method was used to investigate the dynamic states in a cylindrical layer of convecting tin. The liquid tin was contained in a cell, with curved boundaries made of quartz and flat boundaries made of a solid state electrolyte - yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). The electrolyte acted as a window through which a trace amount of oxygen could be pumped in or out by the application of a constant voltage. The concentration at the YSZ interface was monitored by operating the electrochemical cell in the galvanic mode. Experimentally determined effective diffusivities of oxygen were compared with the molecular diffusivity. Dynamic states in the convective flow were thus inferred. Temperature measurements were simultaneously made in order to identify the onset of oscillations from a steady convective regime. The experiments were conducted for two different aspect ratios for various imposed temperature gradients and two different orientations with respect to gravity. Transcritical states were identified and comparison to two-dimensional numerical models were made.

Sears, B.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Sensitivity Analysis Tool for Electrochemical Conversion of CO 2 To CO: User Guide

This is the user guide for the tool described here: Development of technologies that convert carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into products is part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management Carbon Conversion Program portfolio. One such technology under development converts CO 2 to value-added products via electrochemical reduction, where catalysts are used on the cathode to promote CO 2 conversion across the electrochemical catalyst (ECC) cell. Broadly, the ECC is integrated with balance of plant (BOP) equipment (e.g., compressors, pumps, heat exchangers, purification units) in system configurations to produce the desired product. To guide research and development (R&D) toward advancements that may make such conversion technologies economically competitive, researchers may use sensitivity analyses related to the ECC system cost and performance, including that of the cathodic and anodic catalysts. This tool is intended to inform developers and Program in assessing proposed R&D on ECC systems early in the development process. Results will guide researchers on where efforts would be best directed. The tool may be accessed here: https://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analysis/details?id=55293cb1-6881-4181-a2b0-d00b711ce74b.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Design, Construction, and Installation of In-Glovebox Pumped Actinide Molten Salt Loops

This report summarizes the work conducted in FY25 to construct and install pumped actinide-bearing molten salt loopsin a radiological glovebox. The establishment of such a capability will provide a platform in which technologies developed for Gen. IV molten salt reactors may be tested under relevant operating conditions. A review of convective molten salt systems is provided to frame Argonne’s pumped actinide loop relative to contemporary and historical systems. Moreover, the infrastructure needed to operate the system is detailed to provide additional context as to design metrics of the loops and supporting equipment. The pumps’ performance in water testing is outlined and used to inform operational activities planned in FY26. Finally, electrochemical experiments investigating fundamental reaction mechanisms governing reactive oxygen species that promote corrosion of molten salt media is also reported. In total, these combined loop installation and sensor development tasks will serve to aid in the future commercial deployment of molten salt reactors in the U.S.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS1977

Iodine generator for reclaimed water purification

The system disclosed is for controlling the iodine level in a water supply in a spacecraft. It includes an iodine accumulator which stores crystalline iodine, an electrochemical valve to control the input of iodine to the drinking water and an iodine dispenser. A pump dispenses fluid through the iodine dispenser and an iodine sensor to a potable water tank storage. The iodine sensor electronically detects the iodine level in the water, and through electronic means, produces a correction current control. The correction current control operates the electro-chemical iodine valve to release iodine from the iodine accumulator into the iodine dispenser.

Wynveen, R. A.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Electrochemical cells and methods of manufacturing thereof

An electrochemical cell includes a housing, a positive electrode substrate disposed within a first electrode chamber of the housing, a negative electrode substrate disposed within a second electrode chamber of the housing, and a separator may be disposed within the housing between the first electrode chamber and the second electrode chamber. A method further includes pumping a manufacturing electrolyte through the positive electrode portion around the positive electrode substrate. The method further includes applying a first electrical signal to the positive electrode substrate so as to electrochemically fabricate one or both of an active material the negative electrode substrate to form a negative electrode and/or an active material on the positive electrode substrate, thereby forming a positive electrode.

Lopes, Pietro Papa↗
DOE OSTI2021

Defect–Concentration–Mediated T–Nb 2 O 5 Anodes for Durable and Fast–Charging Li–Ion Batteries

Metastable orthorhombic niobium pentoxide (T-Nb 2 O 5 ) is a promising anode to fulfill the requirements for high-rate Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Stoichiometric T-Nb 2 O 5 is plagued by low electric conductivity and particle pulverization after repeated charge/discharge processes. In this work, oxygen vacancies are implanted into T-Nb 2 O 5 particles via acid immersion of Nb 2 O 5 ·nH 2 O with the formation of Lewis acid sites. The multiple characterizations and simulations reveal the lengthening of Nb–O bonds, and the transformation from NbO 7 pentagonal bipyramids and NbO 6 tetragonal bipyramids in T-Nb 2 O 5–x . The enrichment of oxygen vacancies endows T-Nb 2 O 5–x with higher electric conductivity, better electrochemical kinetics, larger pseudocapacitive contribution. O-doped graphitic C 3 N 4 is creatively proposed as a trace oxygen pump to repair excessive oxygen vacancies, and it also serves as a sacrifice template for Nb 2 O 5–x growth to construct a porous and monolithic electrode network. Defect-modulated Nb 2 O 5–x displays extraordinary cycling stability (164 mAh g –1 at 5 C after 1100 cycles), high capacity retention (104 mAh g –1 ) at an ultrahigh rate (25 C), and large areal capacity (0.74 mAh cm –2 ) under high mass loading (4 mg cm –2 ). The practical prospect is proved by Nb 2 O 5–x /LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 full cells with high average platform (2.12 V) and high specific capacity (229 mAh g –1 ). Finally, the oxygen-defect modulation strategy on oxide anodes provides an alternative solution to fast-charging and durable LIBs.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Fuel cell and electrolyzer hotbox module using conductive zirconia stacks

Modular pressurized hotbox for use and substitution in a variety of pressurized electrochemical applications to include reversible solid oxide electrolyzer and fuel cells, energy storage systems, renewable fuel production, solid-state hydrogen pumping and liquefaction, and oxygen transport membranes. This is enabled by mixed electronic and ionic conducting compositions of vanadia-yttria and vanadia-calcia stabilized zirconia and a dry powder method of manufacture for ceramic core stacks.

McLarty, Dustin↗
NASA NTRS1967

Apparatus for electrolytically tapered or contoured cavities

An electrolytic machining apparatus for forming tapered or contoured cavities in an electrically conductive and electrochemically erodible piece is presented. It supports the workpiece and an electrode for movement relatively toward each other and has means for pumping an electrolyte between the workpiece and the electrode.

Williams, L. A.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Cost and size estimates for an electrochemical bulk energy storage concept

Preliminary capital cost and size estimates were made for an electrochemical bulk energy storage concept. The electrochemical system considered was an electrically rechargeable flow cell with a redox couple. On the basis of preliminary capital cost estimates, size estimates, and several other important considerations, the redox-flow-cell system emerges as having great promise as a bulk energy storage system for power load leveling. The size of this system would be less than 2 percent of that of a comparable pumped hydroelectric plant. The capital cost of a 10-megawatt, 60- and 85-megawatt-hour redox system is estimated to be $190 to $330 per kilowatt. The other important features of the redox system contributing to its load leveling application are its low adverse environmental impact, its high efficiency, its apparent absence of electrochemically-related cycle life limitations, and its fast response.

Warshay, M.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electrochemical Acid Sequestration to Ease Ocean Acidification (EASE-OA) - CRADA 600 (Abstract)

The PNNL team will coordinate logistics involved with setting up the field trial on the PNNL Sequim campus in collaboration with Ebb Carbon. Facilities on the PNNL Sequim campus are capable of pumping raw or filtered seawater from Sequim Bay at a rate ~45,000 L hr -1 , which can accommodate the 4000 L hr -1 requirement of the 200 ton CO2 yr-1 Ebb Carbon marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) system. The primary tasks for the PNNL team are 1) laying out appropriate indoor and outdoor spaces for installing the Ebb Carbon’s mCDR system, 2) facilitating Ebb Carbon’s access to the PNNL’s seawater intake on the PNNL Sequim campus, 3) conducting mesocosm experiments within the PNNL Sequim campus laboratories to test how the brine and base discharged from the Ebb Carbon system affect marine life, and 4) facilitating Ebb Carbon access to the PNNL Sequim installation site and aiding in maintenance as needed. In addition to these tasks, the PNNL team will provide surface water quality data (e.g., salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved O2) from a monitoring station located on the pier to contextualize starting conditions of the seawater used in the mCDR process. Finally, the PNNL team will also consult with Ebb Carbon on strategies for improving overall system performance and next steps for further scaling and/or monitoring the effectiveness of the mCDR system.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electrolysis on a Chip with Tunable Thin Film Nanostructured PGM Electrocatalysts Generated from Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Templates

Self-assembled block copolymers are promising templates for fabricating thin film materials with tuned periodic feature sizes and geometry at the nanoscale. Here, a series of nanostructured platinum and iridium oxide electrocatalysts templated from poly(styrene)-block-poly(vinyl pyridine) (PSbPVP) block copolymers via an incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) pathway is reported. Both nanowire and nanocylinder electrocatalysts of varying feature sizes are assessed and higher catalyst loadings are achieved by the alkylation of the pyridine moieties in the PVP block prior to IWI. Electrocatalyst evaluations featuring hydrogen pump and water electrolysis demonstrations are carried out on interdigitated electrode (IDE) chips flexible with liquid supporting electrolytes and thin film polymer electrolytes. Notably, the mass activities of the nanostructured electrocatalysts from alkylated block copolymer templates are 35%–94% higher than electrocatalysts from non-alkylated block copolymer templates. Standing cylinder nanostructures lead to higher mass activities than lamellar variants despite their not having the largest surface area per unit catalyst loading demonstrating that mesostructure architectures have a profound impact on reactivity. Overall, IDE chips with model thin film electrocatalysts prepared from self-assembled block copolymers offer a high-throughput experimental method for correlating electrocatalyst nanostructure and composition to electrochemical reactivity.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗