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Vertical Bloch Line storage is an emerging technology which has the potential for offering a number of desired data storage attributes in a single chip for space and commercial applications.
Dynamic random-access-memory (RAM) data delay and storage unit developed to insure data received from satellite is stored and not lost when satellite is not within range of ground station. Stores 256K of serial data, with independent read and write capability.
Method and apparatus for the storage of digital or analog electrical signals are provided by a memory storage system employing a conventional vidicon tube. At the beginning of an operating cycle, the vidicon is conditioned to accept electrical data input by exposing its photosensitive target to a short, high intensity light flash. A first electron beam scan of the photosensitive surface then sets up a charge pattern on the photosensitive target. A second electron beam scan of the photosensitive surface by an unmodulated electron beam then develops an output signal across an output resistor by using capacitive currents. The conditioning and scanning steps are operated repetitively at high speed using conventional television camera scan, sync, and power supply circuitry to provide a low cost data storage system.
Land water storage plays a key role for the Earth’s climate, natural ecosystems, and human activities. Since the launch of the first Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission in 2002, spaceborne observations of changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) have provided a unique, global perspective on natural and human-induced changes in freshwater resources. Even though they have become much used within the broader Earth system science community, space-based TWS datasets still incorporate important and case-specific limitations which may not always be clear to users not familiar with the underlying processing algorithms. Here, we provide an accessible and illustrated overview of the measurement concept, of the main available data products, and of some frequently encountered technical terms and concepts. We summarize concrete recommendations on how to use TWS data in combination with other hydrological or climatological datasets, and guidance on how to avoid possible pitfalls. Finally, we provide an overview of some of the main applications of GRACE TWS data in the fields of hydrology and climate science. This review is written with the intention of supporting future research and facilitating the use of satellite-based terrestrial water storage datasets in interdisciplinary contexts.
Gravimetry-based terrestrial water storage time series have great potential value for hydrological research and applications, because no other observing system can provide global maps of the integrated quantity of water stored on and below the land surface. However, these data are challenging to use because their spatial and temporal resolutions are low relative to other hydrological observations and because total terrestrial water storage is a measurement unfamiliar to hydrologists. In this presentation we will review techniques for temporal, horizontal, and vertical disaggregation of GRACE terrestrial water storage anomalies, including data assimilation and integration within a land surface model. We will then discuss initial results from three efforts to use the methods for water resources applications. These include drought monitoring across North America, water cycle assessment over the Middle East North African region, and groundwater depletion estimates for northern India.
ICI has developed a unique and novel method of certifying a Terabyte optical tape. The tape quality is guaranteed as a statistical upper limit on the probability of uncorrectable errors. This is called the Corrected Byte Error Rate or CBER. We developed this probabilistic method because of two reasons why error rate cannot be measured directly. Firstly, written data is indelible, so one cannot employ write/read tests such as used for magnetic tape. Secondly, the anticipated error rates need impractically large samples to measure accurately. For example, a rate of 1E-12 implies only one byte in error per tape. The archivability of ICI 1012 Data Storage Tape in general is well characterized and understood. Nevertheless, customers expect performance guarantees to be supported by test results on individual tapes. In particular, they need assurance that data is retrievable after decades in archive. This paper describes the mathematical basis, measurement apparatus and applicability of the certification method.
We present an interactive data collection to aggregate, understand, and disseminate the data that are publicly available to support offshore GCS which can be leveraged by stakeholders to understand where GCS may be viable offshore, create GCS project analogs, and address challenges to GCS in offshore environments. The Offshore Geologic Carbon Storage Data Collection is an Experience Builder web application of multiple web mapping applications, aggregated into a single tool for each data type for access, visualization, and exploration. We also present a spatial inventory of global offshore GCS efforts to visualize the scale and locations of actualized and potential offshore GCS. It includes project location, project type and stage, CO2 storage resource potential, injection rate, reservoir and seal geology, and key literature references. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons of the distribution and magnitude of projects by their attributes lends spatial insight into the status of global GCS operations and storage resource potential, thereby enabling comparative assessments and cross-cutting knowledge transfer for projects in development. These datasets illuminate trends in ongoing offshore projects and can be leveraged by stakeholders to estimate storage resources, identify subsurface analogs, review regulations, and address challenges to offshore GCS. Additionally, opportunities for concurrent decarbonization strategies can be identified.
Since the start of LHC in 2008, the ATLAS experiment has relied on ROOT to provide storage technology for all its processed event data. Internally, ROOT files are organized around TTree structures that are capable of storing complex C++ objects. The capabilities of TTrees developed over the years and are now offering support for advanced concepts like polymorphism, schema evolution and user defined collections and ATLAS makes use of these features to handle its EDM. But some original TTrees concepts, like the POSIX file model and sequential writing, remain unchanged since the beginning and could be an obstacle to achieving the performance required for High Luminosity LHC. With the HL-LHC performance goals in mind, the ROOT project developed a new storage format - the RNTuple. RNTuple, with its accompanying user API, is now in the final development stage and is planned to be production-ready at the end of 2024. Soon after that, the TTree will become a legacy format. ATLAS intends to have its main Event processing framework Athena ready to use RNTuple in the production environment as early as possible. The work on adopting RNTuple as another ROOT storage technology in Athena started already in 2021 and is now nearly complete. Although the initial goal was to focus on derived-AOD products (PHYS and PHYSLITE), with a little added effort all ATLAS data products: RDO, HITS, ESD, AOD and DAOD can be now stored in RNTuple format and transparently read back. In this paper we will describe the current state of RNTuple adoption in the Athena framework and explain the ATLAS EDM requirements that had to be met on the ROOT side to successfully integrate both environments. We will demonstrate the ability to run standard ATLAS production workflows, based on RNTuple as the Event data storage technology, and point out key advantages of the new format.
Lithium niobate is a significant electro-optic material, with potential applications in ultra high capacity storage and processing systems. Lithium niobate is the material of choice for many integrated optical devices and holographic mass memory systems. For crystals of lithium niobate were passively exposed to the space environment of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF). Three of these crystals contained volume holograms. Although the crystals suffered the surface damage characteristics of most of the other optical components on the Georgia Tech tray, the crystals were recovered intact. The holograms were severely degraded because of the lengthy exposure, but the bulk properties are being investigated to determine the spaceworthiness for space data storage and retrieval systems.
We will develop a tunable pulsed electron source capable of generating variable intensity highly-focused electron pulses at high repetition rates. Specifically, we need to demonstrate a high-speed variable electron gun capable of generating a variable intensity electron pulse containing between 102 and 105 electrons with an accelerating voltage of 1kV focused into a spot size <100nm in diameter at with a pulse rate >10MHz (with path to 300MHz). This combined performance cannot be achieved by commercially available electron sources. The primary technology path selected for this work will be to use a photocathode approach, where an easily modulated UV laser is used to stimulate electron emission. The approach utilizes the advances made in the development of the Dynamic TEM (DTEM), though this project will be simpler in that the pulse intensity is lower and there is no requirement for coherency. Alternate paths, including using a traditional electron beam modulated using a v-shaped slit and electrostatically deflecting the beam to adjust intensity; will also be considered for future capabilities. The electron source will then be used generate optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) in lithium fluoride (LiF) substrates to demonstrate the potential for OSL to serve as a basis technology for next generation data storage systems.
A discussion of Mesa Archival Systems' data archiving system is presented. This data archiving system is strictly a software system that is implemented on a mainframe and manages the data into permanent file storage. Emphasis is placed on the fact that any kind of client system on the network can be connected through the Unix interface of the data archiving system.
Combination magnetic tape/microfilm system may give reliable long-term storage and immediate retrieval. The recording, storage, and retrieval of data would be accomplished by computers, without manual intervention. The proposed system retrieves data in less than one hour after being stored for periods of up to 50 years.
The volume of public geologic carbon storage (GCS) data resources has continued to increase in recent years as the result of an increase in funding from government, industry, and academia towards national, basin, regional and field scale studies to ensure carbon capture and storage becomes a commercially viable operation. Despite the increasing volume of data, GCS data applied towards analyses such as geologic, cost, and risk modeling continues to be multi-sourced and often disparate in nature, published across government agencies, websites, data repositories and buried in derivative reports and documents. Much of the time preparing for an analysis and derivative product development is spent collecting, aggregating, transforming and preparing input data. There have been significant efforts within the DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory’s Carbon Storage Program to optimize multi-source, multi-scale subsurface geologic data curation and aggregation to support data discovery, interoperability, and reuse. Methods include the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data science techniques. This talk will discuss the workflows, best practices, and processes developed to support the aggregation and curation of data through the whole system – surface to subsurface data - that support multi-scale, multi-purpose analysis for carbon storage research.
A central aspect of most space missions is the acquisition from space of unique, mission-specific data and the subsequent return of these data to Earth.
Satellite observations of terrestrial water storage (TWS) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission have a coarse resolution in time (monthly) and space (roughly 150,000 sq km at midlatitudes) and vertically integrate all water storage components over land, including soil moisture and groundwater. Nonetheless, data assimilation can be used to horizontally downscale and vertically partition GRACE-TWS observations. This presentation illustrates some of the benefits and drawbacks of assimilating TWS observations from GRACE into a land surface model over the continental United States and India. The assimilation scheme yields improved skill metrics for groundwater compared to the no-assimilation simulations. A smaller impact is seen for surface and root-zone soil moisture. Further, GRACE observes TWS depletion associated with anthropogenic groundwater extraction. Results from the assimilation emphasize the importance of representing anthropogenic processes in land surface modeling and data assimilation systems.
Developing collaborative research platforms for quantum bit control is crucial for driving innovation in the field, as they enable the exchange of ideas, data, and implementation to achieve more impactful outcomes. Furthermore, considering the high costs associated with quantum experimental setups, collaborative environments are vital for maximizing resource utilization efficiently. However, the lack of dedicated data management platforms presents a significant obstacle to progress, highlighting the necessity for essential assistive tools tailored for this purpose. Current qubit control systems are unable to handle complicated management of extensive calibration data and do not support effectively visualizing intricate quantum experiment outcomes. In this paper, we introduce Qubit Control Storage and Visualization ( QubiCSV ), a platform specifically designed to meet the demands of quantum computing research, focusing on the storage and analysis of calibration and characterization data in qubit control systems. As an open-source tool, QubiCSV facilitates efficient data management of quantum computing, providing data versioning capabilities for data storage and allowing researchers and programmers to interact with qubits in real time. The insightful visualization are developed to interpret complex quantum experiments and optimize qubit performance. QubiCSV not only streamlines the handling of qubit control system data but also improves the user experience with intuitive visualization features, making it a valuable asset for researchers in the quantum computing domain.
A study was conducted of an alternate method for storage and use of bathymetry data in the Langley Research Center and Virginia Institute of Marine Science mid-Atlantic continental-shelf wave-refraction computer program. The regional bathymetry array was divided into 105 indexed modules which can be read individually into memory in a nonsequential manner from a peripheral file using special random-access subroutines. In running a sample refraction case, a 75-percent decrease in program field length was achieved by using the random-access storage method in comparison with the conventional method of total regional array storage. This field-length decrease was accompanied by a comparative 5-percent increase in central processing time and a 477-percent increase in the number of operating-system calls. A comparative Langley Research Center computer system cost savings of 68 percent was achieved by using the random-access storage method.
The Principal Investigator Microgravity Services (PIMS) project at NASA's Lewis Research Center has supported microgravity science Principal Investigator's (PIs) by processing, analyzing, and storing the acceleration environment data recorded on the NASA Space Shuttles and the Russian Mir space station. The acceleration data recorded in support of the microgravity science investigated on these platforms has been generated in discrete blocks totaling approximately 48 gigabytes for the Orbiter missions and 50 gigabytes for the Mir increments. Based on the anticipated volume of acceleration data resulting from continuous or nearly continuous operations, the International Space Station (ISS) presents a unique set of challenges regarding the storage of and access to microgravity acceleration environment data. This paper presents potential microgravity environment data storage, access, and analysis concepts for the ISS era.