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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Charge-density-wave quantum critical point under pressure in 2 H -TaSe 2

The presence of a quantum-critical point (QCP) at which a nearby ordered phase is suppressed to zero temperature is often invoked to explain emergent quantum phases, e.g. superconductivity. Yet, identifying a QCP and establishing its correlation with superconductivity remains challenging. Materials featuring charge-density-wave (CDW) order and superconductivity offer a clear scenario as both states can be associated with electron-phonon coupling. Here, we uncover a CDW-QCP and demonstrate its interrelation with superconductivity in the prototypical transition-metal dichalcogenide 2 H -TaSe 2 . We determine the evolution of the CDW state up to and beyond its suppression at the critical pressure p c = 19.9(1) GPa by means of X-ray diffraction and inelastic X-ray scattering measurements providing a full crystallographic refinement of the commensurate CDW superstructure. The pressure-induced CDW-QCP in close vicinity to the maximum superconducting transition temperature. Ab-initio lattice dynamical calculations corroborate that 2 H -TaSe 2 features order-parameter fluctuation enhanced superconductivity and can serve as a paradigm to investigate superconductivity near a CDW-QCP.

critical phenomena↗
DOE OSTI2020

Relativistic Dynamics of Fluctuations and QCD Critical Point

Herein, we review the recent development on a systematic deterministic formalism describing dynamics of both bulk and fluctuations in an arbitrary relativistic hydrodynamic flow carrying conserved charges. In particular, we discuss the implementation of such general formalism near the QCD critical point.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS2000

Test of phi(sup 2) model predictions near the (sup 3)He liquid-gas critical point

NASA is supporting the development of an experiment called MISTE (Microgravity Scaling Theory Experiment) for future International Space Station mission. The main objective of this flight experiment is to perform in-situ PVT, heat capacity at constant volume, C(sub v) and chi(sub tau), measurements in the asymptotic region near the (sup 3)He liquid-gas critical point.

critical phenomena liquid-gas critical point↗
NASA NTRS1978

Two-scale-factor universality near the critical point of fluids

Thermodynamic data from interferometric density profile studies and light-scattering experiments near the critical isochore of Xe, CO2 and SF6 provide a basis for examining the hypothesized two-scale-factor universality for the correlation function of fluids near the gas-liquid critical point. For the investigation, three-scale-factor universality is assumed, with Ising-like critical exponent values obtained through the renormalization group technique. The two thermodynamic scale factors are found from the density profiles, while the scale factor for the correlation length is obtained from the light-scattering data.

Sengers, J. V.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Shear Thinning Near the Critical Point of Xenon

We measured shear thinning, a viscosity decrease ordinarily associated with complex liquids, near the critical point of xenon. The data span a wide range of reduced shear rate: 10(exp -3) < gamma-dot tau < 700, where gamma-dot tau is the shear rate scaled by the relaxation time tau of critical fluctuations. The measurements had a temperature resolution of 0.01 mK and were conducted in microgravity aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia to avoid the density stratification caused by Earth's gravity. The viscometer measured the drag on a delicate nickel screen as it oscillated in the xenon at amplitudes 3 mu,m < chi (sub 0) >430 mu, and frequencies 1 Hz < omega/2 pi < 5 Hz. To separate shear thinning from other nonlinearities, we computed the ratio of the viscous force on the screen at gamma-dot tau to the force at gamma-dot tau approximates 0: C(sub gamma) is identical with F(chi(sub 0), omega tau, gamma-dot tau )/F)(chi(sub 0, omega tau, 0). At low frequencies, (omega tau)(exp 2) < gamma-dot tau, C(sub gamma) depends only on gamma-dot tau, as predicted by dynamic critical scaling. At high frequencies, (omega tau)(exp 2) > gamma-dot tau, C(sub gamma) depends also on both x(sub 0) and omega. The data were compared with numerical calculations based on the Carreau-Yasuda relation for complex fluids: eta(gamma-dot)/eta(0)=[1+A(sub gamma)|gamma-dot tau|](exp - chi(sub eta)/3+chi(sub eta)), where chi(sub eta) =0.069 is the critical exponent for viscosity and mode-coupling theory predicts A(sub gamma) =0.121. For xenon we find A(sub gamma) =0.137 +/- 0.029, in agreement with the mode coupling value. Remarkably, the xenon data close to the critical temperature T(sub c) were independent of the cooling rate (both above and below T(sub c) and these data were symmetric about T(sub c) to within a temperature scale factor. The scale factors for the magnitude of the oscillator s response differed from those for the oscillator's phase; this suggests that the surface tension of the two-phase domains affected the drag on the screen below T(sub c).

Zimmerli, Gregory A.↗
DOE OSTI2021

The BEST framework for the search for the QCD critical point and the chiral magnetic effect

The Beam Energy Scan Theory (BEST) Collaboration was formed with the goal of providing a theoretical framework for analyzing data from the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The physics goal of the BES program is the search for a conjectured QCD critical point as well as for manifestations of the chiral magnetic effect. We describe progress that has been made over the previous five years. This includes studies of the equation of state and equilibrium susceptibilities, the development of suitable initial state models, progress in constructing a hydrodynamic framework that includes fluctuations and anomalous transport effects, as well as the development of freezeout prescriptions and hadronic transport models. Lastly, we address the challenge of integrating these components into a complete analysis framework. This document describes the collective effort of the BEST Collaboration and its collaborators around the world.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Critical lensing and kurtosis near a critical point in the QCD phase diagram in and out of equilibrium

In this work, we study the lensing effect of the QCD critical point on hydrodynamic trajectories and its consequences on the net-proton kurtosis $\kappa$ 4 . Including critical behavior by means of the BEST Collaboration equation of state (EoS), we first consider a scenario in equilibrium, then compare with hydrodynamic 0+1⁢D simulations with Bjorken expansion, including both shear and bulk viscous terms. Here, we find that, both in and out of equilibrium, the size and shape of the critical region directly affect if the signal will survive through the dynamical evolution.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Universality driven analytic structure of QCD crossover: radius of convergence and QCD critical point

Recent lattice QCD calculations show strong indications that the crossover of QCD at zero baryon chemical potential (µB) is a remnant of the second order chiral phase transition. The non-universal parameters needed to map temperature T and µ B to the universal properties of the second order chiral phase transition were determined by lattice QCD calculations. Motivated by these advances, first, we discuss the analytic structure of the partition function - the so-called Yang-Lee edge singularity - in the QCD crossover regime, solely based on universal properties. Then, utilizing the lattice calculated non-universal parameters, we map this singularity to the real T and complex µ B plane, in order to find the radius of convergence for a Taylor series expansion of QCD partition function around µ B = 0 in the QCD crossover regime. Our most important findings are: (i) An universality-based estimate of the radius of convergence around µ B = 0; (ii) Universality and lattice QCD based constraints on the location of the QCD critical point in the T - µ B plane.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2000

Susceptibility Measurements Near the He-3 Liquid-Gas Critical Point

An experiment is now being developed to measure both the linear susceptibility and specific heat at constant volume near the liquid-gas critical point of He-3 in a microgravity environment. An electrostriction technique for measuring susceptibility will be described. Initial electrostriction measurements were performed on the ground along the critical isochore in a 0.5 mm high measurement cell filled to within 0.1 % of the critical density. These measurements agreed with the susceptibility determined from pressure-density measurements along isotherms. The critical temperature, T(sub c), determined separately from specific heat and susceptibility measurements was self-consistent. Susceptibility measurements in the range t = T/T(sub c) - 1 > 10(exp -4)were fit to Chi(sup *)(sub T) = Gamma(sup +)t(exp -lambda)(1 + Gamma(sup +)(sub 1)t(sup delta). Best fit parameters for the asymptotic amplitude Gamma(sup +) and the first Wegner amplitude Gamma(sup +)(sub 1) will be presented and compared to previous measurements.

Barmatz, Martin↗
DOE OSTI2024

Search for a critical point of strongly-interacting matter in central \(^{40}\)Ar + \(^{45}\)Sc collisions at 13 A–75 A GeV/c beam momentum

The critical point of strongly interacting matter is searched for at the CERN SPS by the NA61/SHINE experiment in central \(^{40}\)Ar + \(^{45}\)Sc collisions at 13 A, 19 A, 30 A, 40 A, and 75 A GeV/c. The dependence of the second-order scaled factorial moments of proton multiplicity distributions on the number of subdivisions in transverse momentum space is measured. The intermittency analysis uses statistically independent data sets for every subdivision in transverse and cumulative-transverse momentum variables. The results obtained do not indicate the searched intermittent pattern. An upper limit on the fraction of correlated protons and the intermittency index is obtained based on a comparison with the Power-law Model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1999

Viscoelasticity of Xenon near the Critical Point

Using a novel, overdamped, oscillator flown aboard the Space Shuttle, we measured the viscosity of xenon near the liquid-vapor critical point in the frequency range 2 Hz less than or equal to f less than or equal to 12 Hz. The measured viscosity divergence is characterized by the exponent z(sub eta) = 0.0690 +/- 0.0006, in agreement with the value z(sub eta) = 0.067 +/- 0.002 calculated from a two-loop perturbation expansion. Viscoelastic behavior was evident when t = (T - T(sub c))/T(sub c) less than 10(exp -5) and dominant when t less than 10(exp -6), further from T(sub c) than predicted. Viscoelastic behavior scales as Af(tau) where tau is the fluctuation decay time. The measured value of A is 2.0 +/- 0.3 times the result of a one-loop calculation. (Uncertainties stated are one standard uncertainty.)

Berg, Robert F.↗