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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1998

Atomic Chain Electronics

Adatom chains, precise structures artificially created on an atomically regulated surface, are the smallest possible candidates for future nanoelectronics. Since all the devices are created by combining adatom chains precisely prepared with atomic precision, device characteristics are predictable, and free from deviations due to accidental structural defects. In this atomic dimension, however, an analogy to the current semiconductor devices may not work. For example, Si structures are not always semiconducting. Adatom states do not always localize at the substrate surface when adatoms form chemical bonds to the substrate atoms. Transport properties are often determined for the entire system of the chain and electrodes, and not for chains only. These fundamental issues are discussed, which will be useful for future device considerations.

Yamada, Toshishige↗
NASA NTRS2022

Research Campaign: Advanced Manufacturing in Space: Properties, Structure and Simulations to Pioneer New Applications

This topic underpins synthesis of, and in many cases manufacturing of, value-added materials via liquid phase processing. Materials and processes range from cast metals and optical glasses through exploration-relevant technologies such as additive manufacturing, casting and in-situ resource utilization to support human space exploration. A recurring theme is the need for accurate thermophysical property and atomic structure data for relevant materials and the exploitation of reduced convection/sedimentation in microgravity to enhance the quality of data and to develop new and transformative technologies for materials processing.

Michael SanSoucie↗
NASA NTRS1994

Fluid property and operational effects on swirl injector atomization

Results of atomization tests of rocket injection elements are correlated in terms of the test fluid properties and the injection element operating conditions. The type of element modeled has a central, swirling liquid oxidizer flow; and a coaxial, axial gaseous fuel flow. Results of the correlations describe the effect of geometry, fluid properties, and operating conditions on liquid atomization. The ranges of test conditions allow reasonable extrapolation to actual high-pressure engine operating conditions. At such conditions, the swirl element should produce exceptionally finely-atomized and well-distributed spray for high combustion performance. United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) completed a test program to measure fluid spray atomization, in terms of droplet size and droplet size distributions, for swirling-flow injection elements. Element sizes and dimensions covered ranges of dimensions representative of typical cryogenic (O2/H2) liquid rocket engine practice. Relevant dimensions include the element diameter, the tangential-entry metering slot length, and the coastal fuel slot radial gap. Test fluids included water, simulated Jet-A, and Freon 113. These fluids cover ranges of properties which include or approach those of liquid oxygen. Gaseous nitrogen simulated the coaxial gaseous hydrogen fuel flow.

Cox, G. B., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Thermodynamic properties of hydrogen-helium plasmas.

Calculation of the thermodynamic properties of an atomic hydrogen-helium plasma for postulated conditions present in a stagnation shock layer of a spacecraft entering the atmosphere of Jupiter. These properties can be used to evaluate transport properties, to calculate convective heating, and to investigate nonequilibrium behavior. The calculations have been made for temperatures from 10,000 to 100,000 K, densities of 10 to the minus 7th and .00001 g cu cm, and three plasma compositions: pure hydrogen, 50% hydrogen/50% helium, and pure helium. The shock layer plasma consists of electrons, protons, atomic hydrogen, atomic helium, singly ionized helium, and doubly atomized helium. The thermodynamic properties which have been investigated are: pressure, average molecular weight, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, specific heat, and isentropic speed of sound. A consistent model was used for the reduction of the ionization potential in the calculation of the partition functions.

Nelson, H. F.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Atomic supersymmetry

Atomic supersymmetry is a quantum-mechanical supersymmetry connecting the properties of different atoms and ions. A short description of some established results in the subject are provided and a few recent developments are discussed including the extension to parabolic coordinates and the calculation of Stark maps using supersymmetry-based models.

Kostelecky, V. Alan↗
NASA NTRS2015

Effects of Atomic-Scale Structure on the Fracture Properties of Amorphous Carbon - Carbon Nanotube Composites

The fracture of carbon materials is a complex process, the understanding of which is critical to the development of next generation high performance materials. While quantum mechanical (QM) calculations are the most accurate way to model fracture, the fracture behavior of many carbon-based composite engineering materials, such as carbon nanotube (CNT) composites, is a multi-scale process that occurs on time and length scales beyond the practical limitations of QM methods. The Reax Force Field (ReaxFF) is capable of predicting mechanical properties involving strong deformation, bond breaking and bond formation in the classical molecular dynamics framework. This has been achieved by adding to the potential energy function a bond-order term that varies continuously with distance. The use of an empirical bond order potential, such as ReaxFF, enables the simulation of failure in molecular systems that are several orders of magnitude larger than would be possible in QM techniques. In this work, the fracture behavior of an amorphous carbon (AC) matrix reinforced with CNTs was modeled using molecular dynamics with the ReaxFF reactive forcefield. Care was taken to select the appropriate simulation parameters, which can be different from those required when using traditional fixed-bond force fields. The effect of CNT arrangement was investigated with three systems: a single-wall nanotube (SWNT) array, a multi-wall nanotube (MWNT) array, and a SWNT bundle system. For each arrangement, covalent bonds are added between the CNTs and AC, with crosslink fractions ranging from 0-25% of the interfacial CNT atoms. The SWNT and MWNT array systems represent ideal cases with evenly spaced CNTs; the SWNT bundle system represents a more realistic case because, in practice, van der Waals interactions lead to the agglomeration of CNTs into bundles. The simulation results will serve as guidance in setting experimental processing conditions to optimize the mechanical properties of CNT composites.

Jensen, Benjamin D.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Specimens Prepared for Materials International Space Station Experiment

The Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) is a materials flight experiment sponsored by the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and the NASA Space Environmental Effects Program at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. MISSE is a cooperative effort among the Air Force, several NASA field centers, and industry. The experiment package will be placed on the exterior of the International Space Station in the summer of 2001. Approximately half of the specimens will be exposed to the space environment for 1 year, and the other half will be exposed for 3 years. The Electro-Physics Branch at the NASA Glenn Research Center has prepared and delivered over 150 specimens to be included in MISSE. Specimens include: 1) Double-coated polyimide Kapton to compare mass loss from in-space atomic oxygen undercutting erosion to ground-laboratory atomic oxygen undercutting erosion for predicting in-space durability; 2) Silicones to study changes in surface hardness and optical properties after combined atomic oxygen--ultraviolet radiation exposure for predicting in-space durability; 3) Forty-one different polymers to accurately measure their atomic oxygen erosion yields; 4) Scattering chambers to study atomic oxygen scattering characteristics that are relevant to the degradation found in spacecraft with exterior openings; 5) Thin polymer film disks and tensile specimens to study the effects of radiation on their optical properties and mechanical properties; 6) Lightweight intercalated graphite epoxy composites to study electromagnetic interference shielding performance; and 7) Polymer-based materials utilizing new atomic oxygen protection concepts to study their durability.

Banks, Bruce A.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Colloidal Disorder-Order Transition Experiment Probes Particle Interactions in Microgravity

Everything in the universe is made up of the same basic building blocks - atoms. All physical properties of matter such as weight, hardness, and color are determined by the kind of atoms present and the way they interact with each other. The Colloidal Disorder-Order Transition (CDOT) shuttle flight experiment tested fundamental theories that model atomic interactions. The experiment was part of the Second United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia, which flew from October 20 to November 5, 1995.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2001

Potential Energy Curves and Transport Properties for the Interaction of He with Other Ground-state Atoms

The interactions of a He atom with a heavier atom are examined for 26 different elements, which are consecutive members selected from three rows (Li - Ne, Na - Ar, and K,Ca, Ga - Kr) and column 12 (Zn,Cd) of the periodic table. Interaction energies are determined wing high-quality ab initio calculations for the states of the molecule that would be formed from each pair of atoms in their ground states. Potential energies are tabulated for a broad range of Interatomic separation distances. The results show, for example, that the energy of an alkali interaction at small separations is nearly the same as that of a rare-gas interaction with the same electron configuration for the dosed shells. Furthermore, the repulsive-range parameter for this region is very short compared to its length for the repulsion dominated by the alkali-valence electron at large separations (beyond about 3-4 a(sub 0)). The potential energies in the region of the van der Waals minimum agree well with the most accurate results available. The ab initio energies are applied to calculate scattering cross sections and obtain the collision integrals that are needed to determine transport properties to second order. The theoretical values of Li-He total scattering cross sections and the rare-gas atom-He transport properties agree well (to within about 1%) with the corresponding measured data. Effective potential energies are constructed from the ab initio energies; the results have been shown to reproduce known transport data and can be readily applied to predict unknown transport properties for like-atom interactions.

Partridge, Harry↗
NASA NTRS1976

Polyphosphazenes - New polymers with inorganic backbone atoms

Unique and useful properties of the class of nonhydrocarbon, nonhalocarbon, nonsilicone polymers known as polyphosphazenes are discussed at length. These polymers, with molecular weights to 4 million (degree of polymerization 15,000), can be fabricated as tubes, fibers, woven fabrics, flexible films, or plates, and many variants are stable to attack by water, bases, aqueous acids, jet fuels, oils, hydraulic fluids, gasoline, or other hydrocarbons. Rubbery polymers with these properties can be fashioned into flexible hose, fuel hose, gaskets, or O-rings. Since they do not provoke clotting reactions in blood, and reveal no carcinogenic effects to date, they are considered for internal prosthetic applications (replacement bone, temporary skin, heart valves), as biodegradable suturing material, as carriers for slow release of drugs, and as carriers for chemotherapeutic agents against cancers.

Allcock, H. R.↗