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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1978

Determination of the structure and heating mechanisms of coronal loops from soft X-ray observations with the solar probe

High resolution soft X-ray imaging from the solar probe is justified in terms of the expected scientific returns which include the determination of the temperature and density structure of a coronal loop. The advantages of the grazing incidence telescope over the multiple pinhole camera are discussed. An instrument package is described which includes a grazing incidence mirror, a thermal prefilter, a three position filter wheel and a focal plane detector baselined as an 800 by 800 back-illuminated charge coupled device. The structural assembly together with the data processing equipment would draw heavily on the designs being developed for the Solar Polar Mission.

Davis, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1983

The peculiar radio galaxy 3C 433

Radio, optical and X-ray observations are presented of the peculiar radio galaxy 3C 433, a Seyfert 2 object with luminosity an order of magnitude greater than that expected from its complex, shell-type morphology. Observations conducted at 6 and 12 cm with the VLA and at 21 cm with the Westerbork telescope show a striking asymmetry between the northern and southern radio emissions, and an overall X-shaped morphology. Optical observations using the Video Camera and High Gain Video Spectrometer on the 4-m telescope and the Intensified Image Dissector Scanner on the 2.1-m telescope at Kitt Peak confirm the identification of the source with a pair of bright galaxies. Observations in the X-ray from the Einstein Observatory IPC reveal an unresolved source at the position of 3C 433, as well as two serendipitous X-ray sources. The observations may be used to explain the overall structure of the source either in terms of tidal torquing or precessing models of double galaxies; however, it is argued that the tidal torquing model requires fewer assumptions to account for the brightness asymmetry.

Van Breugel, W.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Skylab results - Review and outlook

In the history of space flight, Project Skylab marks the transition from short manned flights to long-time manned orbital operations, from single-purpose spacecraft to multipurpose space stations, and from a time of space exploration to a time of space utilization. In the present paper, some of the Skylab scientific programs in the areas of solar physics, stellar astronomy, space physics, earth observations, life sciences, and materials sciences are reviewed. Visible, UV, and X-ray observations showed the sun's surface to be far more active and more differentiated than was earlier assumed. The unexpected apparition of the comet Kohoutek provided valuable information on the composition of cometary nuclei and tails. Pictures taken with earth-looking cameras have provided insight into specific data analysis and assessment problems. Results of the materials science program offer much promise for future work.

Stuhlinger, E.↗
NASA NTRS1976

X-ray topographic observations of magnetic domains in Czochralski-grown nickel single crystals in anomalous transmission geometry

The anomalous transmission effect has been observed in nickel single crystals grown by the Czochralski technique. Sample crystals prepared for X-ray topography are 1.5 to 2.5 cm in diameter and thicker than 0.4 mm; the product of the ordinary linear absorption coefficient and thickness ranges from 17 to 45 for Cu K-alpha radiation. Topographs taken with an asymmetric-crystal-topographic (ACT) camera have revealed extremely straight line images and rectangular arrangements of short line-segment images, along with the images of crystal imperfections. The line images change their arrangement upon application of magnetic fields. These images are attributed to magnetic domains in the interior of crystals. The formation of domain walls near the crystal surface is also observed and distinguished clearly from magnetic domains in the bulk with the use of the ACT camera.

Kuriyama, M.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A normal incidence, high resolution X-ray telescope for solar coronal observations

A Normal Incidence high resolution X-ray Telescope is reported. The design of a telescope assembly which, after fabrication, will be integrated with the mirror fabrication process is described. The assembly is engineered to fit into the Black Brant rocket skin to survive sounding rocket launch conditions. A flight ready camera is modified and tested.

Golub, L.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Spectrophotometry of the transient X-ray source A0620-00

Optical observations of the transient X-ray source A0620-00 over the wavelength range from about 3200 to 6600 A are analyzed which were made with the 5-m Hale telescope using a multichannel spectrometer, a digital spectrograph with a cooled integrating SIT vidicon, and an image photon-counting system attached to the camera of the coude spectrograph. Infrared observations at 1.65, 2.2, and 3.5 microns are also examined. Individual spectral lines of special interest are discussed, the E(B-V) color excess is estimated to be about 0.40, and a distance of 1200 pc is adopted. Analysis of the continuous spectrum yields several simple binary models. A specific model is proposed in which one of the continuum sources is an optically thick object characterized by a model atmosphere at a temperature of 25,000 to 30,000 K and the second source is either a cool black body at 4000 K or a partially optically thick source of bound-free plus free-free radiation from a hydrogen gas with an electron temperature of at least 100,000 K. Some possible parameters of these sources and of the accretion disk are considered.

Oke, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1974

High angular resolution cosmic X-ray astronomy observations in the energy range 0.15-2 keV and XUV observations of nearby stars from an attitude controlled rocket

The construction of a two dimensional focusing Wolter Type I mirror system for X-ray and XUV astronomical observations from an Astrobee F sounding rocket is described. The mirror design goal will have a one degree field, a 20-arc seconds resolution, an effective area of about 50 sq cm at 1 keV and 10 sq cm at 0.25 keV on axis. A star camera provides aspect data to about 15-arc seconds. Two detectors are placed at the focus with an interchange mechanism to allow a detector change during flight. The following specific developments are reported: (1) position sensitive proportional counter development; (2) channel plate multiplier development; (3) telescope mirror development and payload structure; (4) Australian rocket flight results; (5) Comet Kohoutek He I observation; and (6) Vela, Puppis A, and Gem-Mon bright patch observations.

Garmire, G. P.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Slow Scan Telemedicine

Originally developed under contract for NASA by Ball Bros. Research Corporation for acquiring visual information from lunar and planetary spacecraft, system uses standard closed circuit camera connected to a device called a scan converter, which slows the stream of images to match an audio circuit, such as a telephone line. Transmitted to its destination, the image is reconverted by another scan converter and displayed on a monitor. In addition to assist scans, technique allows transmission of x-rays, nuclear scans, ultrasonic imagery, thermograms, electrocardiograms or live views of patient. Also allows conferencing and consultation among medical centers, general practitioners, specialists and disease control centers. Commercialized by Colorado Video, Inc., major employment is in business and industry for teleconferencing, cable TV news, transmission of scientific/engineering data, security, information retrieval, insurance claim adjustment, instructional programs, and remote viewing of advertising layouts, real estate, construction sites or products.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1978

Interdisciplinary investigations of comparative planetology

Research supported wholly or in part by NASA's Planetary Programs Office is summarized. Topics covered include: the evaporation of ice in planetary atmospheres: ice-covered rivers on Mars; reducing greenhouses and the temperature history of Earth and Mars; particle motion on Mars inferred from the Viking Lander cameras; the nature and visibility of crater-associated streaks on Mars; the equilibrium figure of Phobos and other small bodies; striations on Phobos; radiation pressure and Poynting-Robertson drag for small spherical particles; direct imaging of extra-solar planets with stationary occultations; the relation between planetology and conventional astrophysics; remote spectral studies and in situ X-ray fluorescence analysis of the Martian surface; small channels on Mars; junction angles of Martian channels; constraints on Aeolian phenomena on Mars; the geology of Mars; and the flow of erosional debris on the Martian terrain.

Sagan, C.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Analysis of Aerobee 17.012 data

The results are summarized of reduction and analysis of data acquired during the flight of NASA-Aerobee 17.012CG. This rocket was launched from White Sands Missile Range on 6 April 1974 at 0410 U.T. The primary instrument in the experiment payload was a singly focussing x-ray reflector system sensitive in the range from 0.18 to 3 keV. X-ray detectors for this system consisted of two gas flow proportional counters with fields of view defined by apertures of 0.1 deg and 0.3 deg at the reflector focus. A Bragg spectrometer utilizing KAP crystals was included in the payload with the objective of detecting the Lyman alpha line of 0 VIII at 18.97A in the Puppis supernova remanant. A 35 mm camera photographed the star field every 1.6 sec throughout the flight to provide aspect information.

Catura, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Highly versatile computer-controlled television detector system

A description is presented of a television detector system which has been designed to accommodate a wide range of applications. It is currently being developed for use in X-ray diffraction, X-ray astrophysics, and electron microscopy, but it is also well suited for astronomical observations. The image can be integrated in a large, high-speed memory system, in the memory of a computer system, or the target of the TV tube or CCD array. The detector system consists of a continuously scanned, intensified SIT vidicon with scan and processing electronics which generate a digital image that is integrated in the detector memory. Attention is given to details regarding the camera system, scan control and image processing electronics, the memory system, and aspects of detector performance.

Kalata, K.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Thermographic measurement of fatigue damage

The paper presents a thermographic technique developed to measure the extent of fatigue damage in composite materials during fatigue loading. It is noted that heat generated by cyclic loading of fatigue damaged material raises the surface temperature. These temperatures were measured with an infrared camera and were used as boundary conditions in a finite element heat transfer program, which has been developed especially to calculate the extent of the heat generation zone, and thereby to define the fatigue damage zone. It is reported that the finite element program was verified by comparing calculated heat generation with the actual heat generation for a simple heat transfer problem that had a closed form solution. Damage zones are calculated for several boron/epoxy fatigue specimens from thermograms of specimens. The calculated damage zones were compared with damage detected by C-scan, X-ray, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations. It is concluded that the analysis was effective in locating the boundaries of the fatigue damage zones.

Whitcomb, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Apollo 15 orbital science summary.

In this paper, summary results of the Apollo 15 orbital science payload are given, and some quick-look results of Apollo 16 are discussed. Geochemical instruments, consisting of gamma-ray, X-ray, and alpha particle spectrometers, have provided a chemical map of the lunar surface flown over by Apollo 15. The Laser Altimeter and frontside gravity data have shown some unexpected results with regard to the lunar shape, and provided new basis for understanding lunar mascons. A magnetometer, aboard the small subsatellite, has located magnetic anomalies principally on the lunar farside, and has shown that the small lunar magnetic field is smoother on the frontside than on the back. The mass spectrometer, in orbit aboard the Command and Service Modules, has measured unexpectedly large populations of molecules at orbital altitude (110 km), mostly due to spacecraft contamination. Two major camera systems have provided the first systematic metric quality photography and concurrent high resolution stereo coverage of the lunar surface.

Esenwein, G. F.↗
NASA NTRS1980

IUE observations of a luminous M supergiant that exhibits emission continuum in the far ultraviolet

IUE observations of the late-type M supergiant star TV Gem which reveal an intense continuum in the far ultraviolet are discussed. TV Gem was observed in low dispersion in November 1979 and in high and low dispersion in January 1980 by the short and long wavelength cameras of the IUE spectrometer. An essentially featureless UV continuum was obtained, with the exception of a number of broad absorption features in the short wavelength region. A comparison with ground-based observations indicates that at wavelengths greater than 3200 A the continuum emission is essentially due to the M1 supergiant, while at shorter wavelengths the continuum is dominated by a hot companion. The UV continuum can be explained by a B9 or A1 III-IV early companion approximately 2 to 3 magnitudes fainter than the M1 supergiant, or by an accretion disk formed by mass transfer from the extended envelope of the M1 primary onto the surface of a highly condensed secondary. Soft X-ray observations from HEAO 2 are suggested as a means to investigate these interpretations.

Michalitsianos, A. G.↗
NASA NTRS1967

Method for X-ray study under extreme temperature and pressure conditions

Vacuum chamber environmental simulator and X ray camera are used to study the stability of various minerals in extreme environmental conditions. An ion pump creates the desired vacuum. Exact sample positioning is obtained with a bellows sealed linear motion feed-through. Temperature control is by means of fluid conductive heat transfer.

Paus, L. L.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Apollo scientific experiments data handbook

A brief description of each of the Apollo scientific experiments was described, together with its operational history, the data content and formats, and the availability of the data. The lunar surface experiments described are the passive seismic, active seismic, lunar surface magnetometer, solar wind spectrometer, suprathermal ion detector, heat flow, charged particle, cold cathode gage, lunar geology, laser ranging retroreflector, cosmic ray detector, lunar portable magnetometer, traverse gravimeter, soil mechanics, far UV camera (lunar surface), lunar ejecta and meteorites, surface electrical properties, lunar atmospheric composition, lunar surface gravimeter, lunar seismic profiling, neutron flux, and dust detector. The orbital experiments described are the gamma-ray spectrometer, X-ray fluorescence, alpha-particle spectrometer, S-band transponder, mass spectrometer, far UV spectrometer, bistatic radar, IR scanning radiometer, particle shadows, magnetometer, lunar sounder, and laser altimeter. A brief listing of the mapping products available and information on the sample program were also included.

Eichelman, W. F.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Long-term X-ray studies of Sco X-1

No modulation of the 3-6 keV X-ray intensity of Sco X-1 at a level of excess of 1% was observed at the optical period of .787313d. Evidence is found for shot-noise character in a large fraction of the X-ray emission. Almost all of the Sco X-1 emission can be synthesized in terms of approximately 200 shots per day, each with a duration of approximately 1/3 day. A pinhole camera was used to obtain data and the data were statistically analyzed.

Holt, S. S.↗