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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1973

Water Resources

Uses of ERTS-1 imagery and data for water resources surveys and management are summarized. Areas discussed are: (1) land use and geology; (2) flood plain and flood inundation mapping; (3) snow cover mapping; (4) glacier observations; (5) data collection systems; (6) surface waters; (7) wetlands mapping; (8) water quality; (9) soil mapping; (10) phreatophyte and riparian vegetation mapping; and (11) evapotranspiration.

Salomonson, V. V.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Time to Use Dendrohydrological Data in Water Resources Management?

Despite a wide consensus on the potential importance of streamflow reconstructions to water resources planning and management activities, applications of dendrohydrology have been piecemeal. This review article describes barriers to widespread use of dendrohydrological data and suggests research needs for operationalizing streamflow records reconstructed from these proxy data.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS2022

Midwest Water Resources: Developing an Evapotranspiration Climatology to Analyze Spatiotemporal Water Budget Patterns for Agriculture and Natural Resources Managers in the Midwest

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a climatic variable critical to the hydrologic cycle and is used to evaluate spatiotemporal trends in drought conditions. Although in-situ observations provide accurate ET information, these records are spatially sparse. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Midwest Climate Hub, National Integrated Drought Information System, Minnesota Department of Agriculture, Michigan State University, and the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service have partnered with DEVELOP to gain new insights on spatiotemporal patterns of ET with NASA satellite data. This project evaluates the feasibility of using remotely sensed ET data products to understand trends from 2001 through 2020. Actual ET (aET) data were sourced from NASA’s Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and reference ET (refET) and precipitation data were sourced from the Gridded Surface Meteorological Dataset (gridMET). Spatial and temporal differences in the MODIS and gridMET data sets were resolved such that gridded data could be compared. These data sets were then used to produce monthly Normals maps of mm/8-day of precipitation, aET, and refET. Using precipitation and ET Normals maps, hydrologic state maps were produced by subtracting either refET or aET from precipitation. These hydrologic state maps provide a proxy water balance by summarizing the difference between water entering and leaving the ground surface. Additionally, the ET products were compared in timeseries plots. The ET products from this project provided partners with comparable datasets to assess potential drought and flooding conditions to support Midwest agricultural and natural resource managers in decision-making.

Emma Myrick↗
NASA NTRS2017

Synthetic Scenarios from CMIP5 Model Simulations for Climate Change Impact Assessments in Managed Ecosystems and Water Resources: Case Study in South Asian Countries

Increasing population, urbanization, and associated demand for food production compounded by climate change and variability have important implications for the managed ecosystems and water resources of a region. This is particularly true for south Asia, which supports one quarter of the global population, half of whom live below the poverty line. This region is largely dependent on monsoon precipitation for water. Given the limited resources of the developing countries in this region, the objective of our study was to empirically explore climate change in south Asia up to the year 2099 using monthly simulations from 35 global climate models (GCMs) participating in the fifth phase of the Climate Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) for two future emission scenarios (representative concentration pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and provide a wide range of potential climate change outcomes. This was carried out using a three-step procedure: calculating the mean annual, monsoon, and non-monsoon precipitation and temperatures; estimating the percent change from historical conditions; and developing scenario funnels and synthetic scenarios. This methodology was applied for the entire south Asia region; however, the percent change information generated at 1.5deg grid scale can be used to generate scenarios at finer spatial scales. Our results showed a high variability in the future change in precipitation (-23% to 52%, maximum in the non-monsoon season) and temperature (0.8% to 2.1%) in the region. Temperatures in the region consistently increased, especially in the Himalayan region, which could have impacts including a faster retreat of glaciers and increased floods. It could also change rivers from perennial to seasonal, leading to significant challenges in water management. Increasing temperatures could further stress groundwater reservoirs, leading to withdrawal rates that become even more unsustainable. The high precipitation variability (with higher propensity for localized intense rainfall events) observed in the region can be a key factor for managed ecosystems and water management and could also lead to more incidence of severe urban flooding. The results could be used to assess both mitigation and adaptation alternatives to reduce vulnerabilities in managed ecosystems (agricultural and urban) and water resources.

agriculture↗
DOE OSTI2023

Application of step-response lambda tuning to proportional-integral controllers in water resource recovery facilities

Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers in water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) feedback control loops are commonplace. While simple to implement, such control loops are rarely tuned optimally or systematically. Heuristic tuning approaches are commonly applied with varying degrees of success using trial-and-error, ad hoc tuning rules, or duplication of tuning values from a similar system. However, there are effective methods, such as lambda tuning, produce acceptable tuning with limited effort. These are based on the step-response method, where a manual process perturbation is used to define the relationship between the manipulated and controlled variables. Based on such an experiment, a simple process model is constructed and used to determine the controller tuning values. In this work, we used the step-response method and lambda tuning for two control systems in full-scale WRRFs. This led to responsive and stable behavior of the controlled system as defined by the absolute average error of the controlled variable to setpoint and standard deviation of the manipulated variable. Tuning of feedback control loops can be completed successfully through a systematic approach, and this work suggests that tuning tools, like lambda, should be part of all wastewater treatment control engineers' toolbox.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS1974

Water resources

ERTS-1 applications in snow and ice monitoring, surface water monitoring, including monitoring of wetland areas and flood inundated area mapping, and also watershed monitoring for runoff prediction are discussed. Results also indicate that geological features can be noted which relate to ground water. ERTS-1 data can be used successfully in operational situations by water resources management agencies.

Salomonson, V. V.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Water survey of Canada: Application for use of ERTS-A for retransmission of water resources data

The author has identified the following significant results. Water resources data were retransmitted from nine data collection platforms (DCP) located in remote regions of Canada. The DCPs located in the Arctic operated in temperatures lower than -40 C and the DCP antennas have survived wind speeds of greater than 80 kph and snow loads of a depth of one metre. Ice-out indicators were installed at a few DCP sites. The purpose of these indicators was to enable the detection of the movement of ice out of river channel during spring break-up. The suitability of satellite retransmission as a means of obtaining data from remote areas of Canada continues to be demonstrated. A modest expansion of the DCP network is planned.

Halliday, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Application of ERTS-1 Data to Aid in Solving Water Resources Management Problems in the State of California

Investigations within the State of California have emphasized the direct utilization of the supplemental data source afforded by the Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1 (ERTS-1) imagery. A user-oriented study has been underway for several years to identify and develop application methodology for remotely sensed information available from several platform levels, including low and high flights by NASA's U2 aircraft, and other manned and unmanned devices. The University of California has pursued both basic and applied research in remote sensing, through ongoing studies supported by NASA, and in cooperation with state agencies responsible for water resources and related fields. This report reviews the applications of ERTS-1 and supplementary imagery sources applicable to water resources planning, operations, and management.

Burgy, R. H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Water resources

The application of ERTS-1 imagery to the conservation and control of water resources is discussed. The effects of exisiting geology and land use in the water shed area on the hydrologic cycle and the general characteristics of runoff are described. The effects of floods, snowcover, and glaciers are analyzed. The use of ERTS-1 imagery to map surface water and wetland areas to provide rapid inventorying over large regions of water bodies is reported.

Salomonson, V. V.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Water resources

Substantial progress has been made in applying ERTS-1 data to water resources problems, nevertheless, more time and effort still appear necessary for further quantification of results, including the specification of thematic measurement accuracies. More modeling can be done very profitably. In particular, more strategy models describing the processes wherein ERTS-1 data would be acquired, analyzed, processed, and utilized in operational situations could be profitably accomplished. It is generally observed that the ERTS-1 data applicability is evident in several areas and that the next most general and substantive steps in the implementation of the data in operational situations would be greatly encouraged by the establishment of an operational earth resources satellite organization and capability. Further encouragement of this operational capability would be facilitated by all investigators striving to document their procedures as fully as possible and by providing time and cost comparisons between ERTS-1 and conventional acquisition approaches.

Salomonson, V. V.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Water survey of Canada: Application for use of ERTS-A for retransmission of water resources data

The author has identified the following significant results. The fact that water resources data can be retransmitted from remote areas of Canada by polar orbiting spacecraft to users in population centers on a near real time basis reliably, accurately, and at relative low cost continues to be demonstrated. Over 60,000 transmissions from the nine data collection platforms installed at Water Survey of Canada gauging stations have been received. The stage and ice-out data retransmitted via ERTS-1 have been plotted on a chart record produced by a water stage servo-manometer installed on the Albany River. The stage increased smoothly until shortly after noon on May 19, 1974. During this time the indicator showed that the ice surface was intact. The stage then dropped sharply and the indicator read that the ice was out. The erratic chart trace after that was consistent with the assumption that the ice surface had broken up and that some short duration jams of broken ice were occurring.

Halliday, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Water resources, summary

The application of remote sensing products to the development and understanding of water resources problems is considered. Geology and hydrogeology, analysis of watersheds, snow and ice, prediction of runoff from snowmelt, hydrologic land use classifications, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, flood hazards, and water quality surveys are among the topics discussed. Suggestions for further use of remotely sensed data are given along with increased user requirements.

Simons, D. B.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Quantifying the Value of Technology and Policy Innovation in Water Resource Portfolios

Abstract Recent water infrastructure planning models demonstrate that explicitly accounting for hydrological changes in long‐term water planning reduces costs and increases system robustness. However, current models do not consider the effects of other changes occurring in the system over long time horizons, namely technology and policy innovation. By leveraging state‐of‐the‐art dynamic control techniques, we propose a suite of tools that explicitly relate hydrologic change, technology innovation, and policy interventions to system‐level water costs. We design robust and cost‐optimal strategies for water supply expansion under hydrological variability and hundreds of plausible innovation states, for example, treatment cost and diversification improvements, deployment times, and demand reduction campaigns. Our approach circumvents the need to pre‐assign probabilities to innovation scenarios and, instead, directly calculates the effects of technology, policy, and hydrology variations on system cost and planning strategies to identify avenues of impactful innovation. These tools can support technology development hubs, urban, state, and federal water planners in anticipating cost implications of technology and policy innovation at the local level, and prioritizing high‐impact innovation goals based on quantitative targets. Results for the case study of Santa Barbara, California identify high‐value innovation attributes for the city as well as combinations of innovation attributes across technologies and policies, and quantify their potential utility cost reductions.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗