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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1996

Effects of low frequency waves and spiky electric fields in the magnetotail

Intense low frequency waves and large amplitude spiky electric fields are commonly observed in the active magnetotail. These fields are of dynamic significance for substorms because the amplitude of the waves is large enough to provide the dissipation necessary for reconnection. The waves modify the trajectories of ions in the magnetotail, resulting in enhanced energization and pitch angle scattering in comparison with the trajectories obtained without waves. The spikes may represent the nonlinear evolution of the waves. Observations are presented of low frequency waves and spiky electric fields measured in the plasma sheet. The relationship between the waves and the spikes is compared to wave evolution theories. The Lundquist number is evaluated for the magnetotail based on the wave observations and previously published studies of the current sheet scale sizes. The effects of the waves on the ion trajectories are discussed using the results from a particle tracing code.

Cattell, C.↗
NASA NTRS1990

An evolutionary sequence of low frequency radio astronomy missions

Many concepts for space-based low frequency radio astronomy missions are being developed, ranging from simple single-satellite experiments to large arrays on the far side of the moon. Each concept involves a different tradeoff between the range of scientific questions it can answer and the technical complexity of the experiment. Since complexity largely determines the development time, risk, launch vehicle requirements, cost, and probability of approval, it is important to see where the ability to expand the scientific return justifies a major increase in complexity. An evolutionary series of increasingly capable missions, similar to the series of missions for infrared or X-ray astronomy, is advocated. These would range from inexpensive 'piggy-back' experiments on near-future missions to a dedicated low frequency array in earth orbit (or possibly on the lunar nearside) and eventually to an array on the lunar farside.

Jones, Dayton L.↗
NASA NTRS1972

The transmission of low frequency medical data using delta modulation techniques.

The transmission of low-frequency medical data using delta modulation techniques is described. The delta modulators are used to distribute the low-frequency data into the passband of the telephone lines. Both adaptive and linear delta modulators are considered. Optimum bit rates to minimize distortion and intersymbol interference are discussed. Vibrocardiographic waves are analyzed as a function of bit rate and delta modulator configuration to determine their reproducibility for medical evaluation.

Arndt, G. D.↗
DOE OSTI2023

An efficient solution of low-frequency magnetic problems with voltage sources using all-frequency stable formulation

The modeling and simulation of magnetic problems at low frequencies are considered in this paper. When excited with a voltage source, conduction current is induced in the circuit of interest, which generates the magnetic field. This type of problems is modeled using the all-frequency stable formulation, which employs the potential description of fields with an inhomogeneous Coulomb gauge. With the aid of the stable formulation, the low-frequency breakdown problem is circumvented and both electric and magnetic fields can be solved in a single simulation. To solve large magnetic problems efficiently, it is necessary to employ an iterative solver with an efficient preconditioner. In this work, a preconditioner based on the incomplete LU decomposition is constructed and applied in a wide frequency range. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.

Mekonnen, Minyechil↗
NASA NTRS1977

LWIR detector behavior at very low frequencies

Measurements have been made of the signal and noise characteristics of extrinsic photoconductive silicon detectors. The measurements were made at several background levels, bias voltages and detector operating temperatures. Data are shown at modulation frequencies as low as 0.01 Hz, operating temperatures as low as 2.5K and background photon flux densities down to 8 x 10 to the 7th photons/sec-sq cm. Data on the temporal characteristics of the detector signal are presented. In addition, some interesting data on 'spontaneous noise spikes' are also shown.

Arrington, D. C.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Search for microarcsecond structure in low-frequency variable radio sources

A search for interstellar scintillation (ISS) of low-frequency variable radio sources is reported. Observations of 28 confirmed or suspected low-frequency variables, 21 nonvariable sources, and two pulsars were made at 408 MHz. As expected, the pulsars showed ISS, but scintillation was not detected in any other source. A typical upper limit to the rms modulation due to ISS is 150 mJy, giving lower limits to the apparent angular diameter of about 10 to the -6th arcsec. The possibilities that a true point source is broadened to an apparent angular diameter greater than or roughly equal to 10 to the -6th arcsec by scattering local to the source or in a general intergalactic medium are discussed.

Armstrong, J. W.↗
DOE OSTI2025

The low frequency edge oscillation in alcator C-Mod and ASDEX upgrade I-mode

The low frequency edge oscillation (LFEO) is a low frequency fluctuation in many plasma quantities in the pedestal region of the I-Mode confinement regime. It is observed on Alcator C-Mod between 10–30 kHz and on ASDEX Upgrade between 5–10 kHz. On both tokamaks it has been previously identified as a geodesic acoustic mode (GAM), however the recent discovery of the edge temperature ring oscillation (ETRO) in a similar frequency and spatial location as the LFEO in I-Modes on EAST has called this identification into question. In this paper we investigate the LFEO on C-Mod and AUG using a variety of different experimental techniques including spectral analysis, magnetic mode number analysis, localization, and direct measurement of the LFEO zonal structure and propagation using a mirror Langmuir probe. This investigation has reconfirmed the identification of the LFEO as a GAM and determined that it has several key differences from the ETRO.

AUG↗
NASA NTRS1979

Theory of low frequency noise transmission through turbines

Improvements of the existing theory of low frequency noise transmission through turbines and development of a working prediction tool are described. The existing actuator-disk model and a new finite-chord model were utilized in an analytical study. The interactive effect of adjacent blade rows, higher order spinning modes, blade-passage shocks, and duct area variations were considered separately. The improved theory was validated using the data acquired in an earlier NASA program. Computer programs incorporating the improved theory were produced for transmission loss prediction purposes. The programs were exercised parametrically and charts constructed to define approximately the low frequency noise transfer through turbines. The loss through the exhaust nozzle and flow(s) was also considered.

Matta, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Low Frequency Interstellar Scattering and Pulsar Observations

Radio astronomy at frequencies from 2 to 30 MHz challenges time tested methods for extracting usable information from observations. One fundamental reason for this is that propagation effects due to the magnetoionic ionosphere, interplanetary medium, and interstellar matter (ISM) increase strongly with wavelength. The problems associated with interstellar scattering off of small scale irregularities in the electron density are addressed. What is known about interstellar scattering is summarized on the basis of high frequency observations, including scintillation and temporal broadening of pulsars and angular broadening of various galactic and extragalactic radio sources. Then those high frequency phenomena are addressed that are important or detectable at low frequencies. The radio sky becomes much simpler at low frequencies, most pulsars will not be seen as time varying sources, intensity variations will be quenched or will occur on time scales much longer than a human lifetime, and many sources will be angularly broadened and/or absorbed into the noise. Angular broadening measurements will help delineate the galactic distribution and power spectrum of small scale electron density irregularities.

Cordes, James M.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Low-Frequency Otolith Function in Microgravity: A Re-Evaluation of the Otolith Tilt-Translation Reinterpretation (OTTR) Hypothesis

On Earth, the low-frequency afferent signal from the otoliths encodes head tilt with respect to the gravitational vertical, and the higher frequency components reflect both tilt and linear acceleration of the head. In microgravity, static tilt of the head does not influence otolith output, and the relationship between sensory input from the vestibular organs, and the visual, proprioceptive and somatosensory systems, would be disrupted. Several researchers have proposed that in 0-g this conflict may induce a reinterpretation of all otolith signals by the brain to encode only linear translation (otolith tilt-translation reinterpretation or OTTR). Ocular counter-rolling (OCR) is a low-frequency otolith-mediated reflex, which generates compensatory torsional eye movements (rotation about the visual axis) towards the spatial vertical during static roll tilt with a gain of approximately 10%. Transient linear acceleration and off-axis centrifugation at a constant angular velocity can also generate OCR. According to the OTTR hypothesis, OCR should be reduced in microgravity, and immediately upon return from a 0-g environment. Results to date have been inconclusive. OCR was reduced following the 10 day Spacelab-1 mission in response to leftward roll tilts (28-56% in 3 subjects and unchanged in one subject), and sinusoidal linear oscillations at 0.4 and 0.8 Hz. OCR gain declined 70% in four monkeys following a 14 day COSMOS mission. Following a 30 day MIR mission OCR gain decreased in one astronaut, but increased in two others following a 180 day mission. We have studied the affect of microgravity on low-frequency otolith function as part of a larger study of the interaction of vision and the vestibular system. This experiment (E-047) involved off-axis centrifugation of payload crewmembers and flew aboard the recent Neurolab mission (STS 90). Presented below are preliminary results focusing on perception and the OCR response during both centrifugation and static tilt.

Moore, Steven T.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Use of a Helmholtz burner for low frequency velocity coupled instability measurements

The low frequency velocity coupled response of a composite propellant during combustion was investigated using a Helmholtz resonator in the burner which results in a 230 Hz natural frequency in a chamber less than 30 inches long. Experiments indicate that the acoustic characteristics of the burner permit determination of propellant velocity coupled without prior knowledge of pressure coupled response. Comparisons of burner data and full scale motor firings confirm the ability of the burner to rank propellants for their velocity coupling tendencies. The burner design rationale is described and experimental results are presented.

Lyon, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1988

A low frequency radio array for space

This paper considers the need for and the possibility of constructing and operating a low-frequency array in space, the Low Frequency Space Array (LFSA), which is presently in its developmental phase, to form an entirely space-based synthesis interferometer for high-resolution high-sensitivity sky surveying and source imaging over the frequency range from about 1 to about 30 MHz. It is emphasized that there is a wealth of new astronomical information to be found in the as yet unexplored frequency range below 30 MHz, the wavelengths at which only interferometry is practicable. A possible instrumental concept for an LFSA spacecraft is described together with orbits, hardware, and subsystems.

Weiler, K. W.↗