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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Societal impacts of particle physics projects

Large particle physics projects funded by the U.S. Government require an evaluation and mitigation of each project’s potential impacts on the local communities. However, beyond meeting governmental requirements, particle physics projects stand to play an essential role in local decision-making, building relationships, and framing discussions about key projects by becoming meaningfully engaged in their local communities. In this white paper for the U.S. Particle Physics Community Planning Exercise (“Snowmass"), we examine several local community engagement efforts made by three facilities: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), and the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). Although each facility focuses on a different endeavor in varying types of communities, each study highlights the importance and benefits of employing consistent outreach techniques, promoting diversity, establishing lasting relationships, and creating environments for open and honest communication.

Zens, Rochelle↗
DOE OSTI2022

Neutrino Interaction Identification for the DUNE Trigger

The DUNE will be a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment using a high purity muon neutrino beam and near detector, both located at the FNAL, and a far detector hosted 1300 km downstream at the SURF. The 10 kt fiducial mass of LAr will allow DUNE to have a rich off-beam neutrino physics programme, including the study of neutrino signals from core collapse supernovae. The SP DUNE FD module will read out ionisation data at a rate of 1.2 TB\textsuperscript{-1} whilst only a total data volume of 30 PB per year can be permanently stored. DUNE will make use of FPGA resources in the front-end of the DAQ as part of the necessitated triggering system. This thesis presents a validation study of the FPGA-based TPG in the front-end DAQ using data collected by the ProtoDUNE experiment hosted at the CERN. The FPGA-based TPG was utilised as the first stage of a baseline SNB trigger whose performance was evaluated using simulated neutrino interactions for a $11.2 m_\odot$ progenitor star. The efficiency of the baseline SNB trigger was determined to have a lower limit of $97.7\substack{+ 0.2\\ -0.3}\%$ for supernovae at a distance of 20kpc, achieving the technical requirements set out for DUNE. To improve the performance of the SNB trigger at greater SNB distances, the use of a bounding box proposal network, YOLOv3, was explored. This was found to improve the efficiency of the SNB trigger to 100\% up to the far side of the Milky Way galaxy and to $92.5\substack{+ 0.5\\ -0.5}\%$ at the Large Magellanic Cloud.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Device and method to manipulate ions in multi-level system

An apparatus includes multiple levels of ion transport channels, with successive levels coupled by elevator channels. Efficient three dimensional packing provides long path lengths in practical volumes for ion mobility separation with high resolving power. Disclosed elevator configurations provide efficient routing of ion transport channels across levels with low ion loss, enabling ion mobility separation over 100 levels or more. Elevator configurations include (i) opposed traveling waves meeting at an elevator entrance, (ii) external elevator with a wrap-around electrode bank, (iii) external elevator with electrode banks on parallel extension plates, or (iv) elevator operating in surfing mode, in various combinations. Manufacture is aided by printed wiring boards, with interchangeable boards. Assembly with motherboard, spacer block(s), and alignment pins provides efficient distribution of electrode excitations and accurate reproducible positioning.

Ibrahim, Yehia M.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Overview of collaborative research between UNICAMP in Brazil and Fermilab in cryogenics

The Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) situated at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, serves as the host for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), employing cryostats with nearly 70,000 metric tons of high purity liquid argon (LAr). The integrity of LAr quality is pivotal in determining the electron lifetime within DUNE, directly impacting its signal-to-noise ratio. Specifically, Far Detector 1 (FD-1) in cryostat 1 requires an electron lifetime over 3 ms within its 3.5 m drift, corresponding to less than 100 parts-per-trillion (ppt) Oxygen equivalent contamination. Far Detector 2 (FD-2) in cryostat 2 demands over 6 ms electron lifetime within its 6.0 m drift, corresponding to less than 50 ppt Oxygen equivalent contamination. Nitrogen (N$_2$) absorption of LAr scintillation light, known as quenching, necessitates N$_2$ contamination in LAr to remain below 1 ppm to minimize photon loss and enhance energy reconstruction. Studies indicate that at 1 ppm N$_2$, approximately 20% of scintillation light is lost, highlighting the importance of minimizing N$_2$ contamination.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Expanding the physics reach of DUNE in the near and far detectors

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. Its primary goal is the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy and the CP-violating phase. The DUNE physics programme also includes the detection of astrophysical neutrinos and the search for beyond the Standard Model (BSM) phenomena. DUNE will consist of a near detector (ND) complex placed at Fermilab, and a modular Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) far detector (FD) to be built in the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), approximately 1300 km away from the neutrino production point. This thesis describes three different projects within DUNE. First, a novel strategy to improve the triggering capabilities of the DUNE FD is proposed. It uses matched filters to enhance the production of online hits across all charge collection planes. Next, the possibility of detecting neutrinos coming from dark matter (DM) annihilations in the Sun with the FD is explored. The complementarity of DUNE to this kind of DM searches is shown. Finally, the simulation and reconstruction framework of ND-GAr, the gas argon ND proposed for Phase II of DUNE, is presented. A number of additions to this are described, particularly focused on the development of the particle identification (PID) capabilities of the detector. These are then used to perform the first event selection studies with an end-to-end simulation in ND-GAr, in particular the selection of pion exclusive samples in $\nu_{\mu}$ CC interactions. All three of these projects share the common goal of enhancing the physics programme of DUNE.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2026

DUNE – Simulation Validation of Fermilab Detector Reconstruction

DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) is Fermilab’s flagship international experiment designed to study neutrinos by sending an intense beam from Illinois to detectors located 1,300 kilometers away at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in South Dakota. To prepare for such a large-scale experiment, physicists develop detailed simulations to produce mock data sets which are analyzed by the CAFAna framework. During my internship, I developed software using the CAFAna framework to analyze simulated detector data and generated plots to make data trends easier to interpret and identify patterns. My analysis has uncovered inconsistencies in reconstructed neutrino tracks, duplicated reconstructed tracks causing sporadic spikes in the data, and unnatural differences in energy levels between interaction types. These analyses help verify that the improvements to detector simulations do not introduce unintended resolution errors and ensure proper reconstruction performance, supporting DUNE’s goal of making precise neutrino measurements and advancing the Department of Energy’s mission of fundamental scientific discovery.

Vershaw, Andre [Unlisted, US, IL; Fermilab] (ORCID↗
DOE OSTI2023

The Impact of Inherited Morphology on Sandbar Migration During Mild Wave Seasons

Sandbars are ubiquitous morphologic features found in the nearshore environment throughout the world, yet predictive capabilities of their evolution remain limited. In order to provide new insights on the relevant processes controlling sandbar morphodynamics, this study uses a 41-year record of 637 monthly cross-shore profiles from Duck, North Carolina, USA, to derive complex empirical orthogonal functions representative of the two dominant modes of sandbar migrations: offshore and onshore propagation. Interference of these two modes produces commonly observed sandbar states. While mild wave energies are traditionally assumed to drive onshore sandbar migration, the offshore mode is repeatedly seen to dominate sandbar migration in mild wave seasons following anomalously high late-winter wave energy and when the inherited morphology is composed of a single bar or terrace, as opposed to a more common two-bar state. A data-derived conceptual model is presented synthesizing the effect of antecedent morphology and wave climate chronology on interannual trends in net offshore sandbar migration.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

EGS Collab: Modeling and Simulation Working Group Teleconference Series (99-128)

This submission contains the presentation slides and recordings from EGS Collab Modeling and Simulation Working Group (MSWG) teleconferences number 99 through 128. These teleconferences served three objectives for the project: 1) share simulation results, 2) communicate field activities and results to the simulation teams, and 3) hold open scientific discussions on EGS topics.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

EGS Collab Experiment 2: Continuous Broadband Seismic Waveform Data

Two broadband seismometers were installed on the 4100 level and recorded for the duration of EGS Collab Experiment #2. Inspired by published data from similar instruments installed in the Aspo Hard Rock Lab, these long-period instruments aimed to measure the tilting of the drift in response to the injection of fluid into the testbed. One instrument was installed underneath the wellheads in Site A (aka the "battery" alcove) and the other was installed along the east wall of the drift, south of Site B. Due to the feet of gravel (ballast) laid along the floor of the drift, we were unable to anchor the sensors directly to the rock. As a result, the coupling of the sensors to the experiment rock volume is likely poor. In addition, there are a number of noise sources that complicate the interpretation of the data. For example, sensor BBB is installed adjacent (within 3 ft) to the rail line that runs towards the Ross shaft. Trains (motors) run along this line almost daily and produce a large signal in these data. Careful extraction of periods of interest, as well as filtering for specific signals, is necessary. The sensors are Nanometrics Trillium Compact Posthole seismometers, sensitive down to 120 seconds period. They were installed as close to the drift wall and as deep as we could manually excavate (only about 1 ft or so). The holes were leveled with sand and the sensors were placed on a paver before backfilling with sand. The hole was then covered by a bucket filled with insulation to improve the sensor's isolation from daily temperature variations, which are minor but present due to drift ventilation from the surface. Data were recorded on Nanometrics Centaur digitizers at 100 Hz. The full response information is available in the StationXML file provided here, or by querying the sensors through the IRIS DMC (see links below). These instruments were provided free of charge through the IRIS PASSCAL instrument center. The network code is XP and the station codes are BBA and BBB. The waveform data can be queried through the IRIS FDSN server using any method the user likes. One convenient option is to use the Obspy python package: https://docs.obspy.org/packages/obspy.clients.fdsn.html

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

EGS Collab Experiment 2: Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Data (DTS)

Distributed fiber optic sensing was an important part of the monitoring system for EGS Collab Experiment #2. A single loop of custom fiber package was grouted into the four monitoring boreholes that bracketed the experiment volume. This fiber package contained two multi-mode fibers and four single-mode fibers. These fibers were connected to an array of fiber optic interrogator units, each targeting a different measurement. The distributed temperature system (DTS) consisted of a Silixa XT-DTS unit, connected to both ends of one of the two multi-mode fibers. This system measured absolute temperature along the entire length of fiber for the duration of the experiment at a sampling rate of approximately 10 minutes. This dataset includes both raw data in XML format from the XT-DTS, as well as a processed dataset with the sections of data pertaining only to the boreholes are extracted. We have also included a report that provides all of the relevant details necessary for users to process and interpret the data for themselves. Please read this accompanying report. If, after reading it, there are still outstanding questions, please do not hesitate to contact us. Happy processing.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

EGS Collab Experiment 2: Hydraulic Pressure Test Results

The EGS Collab experiment 2 was focused on testing shear stimulation techniques. Shear stimulation, in this case, means using hydraulic pressure to cause shear slip on preexisting fracture or fault planes such that the hydraulic conductivity of the fracture or fault increases. The concept is to create a percolating network of permeable fractures by enhancing the permeability of a primarily preexisting network of fractures. To test this concept the hydraulic pressures for experiment 2 were kept below the the estimated magnitude of the least compressive principal stress based on a set of stress measurements in nearby well TV4100. All tests for experiment 2 were performed by applying hydraulic pressure to well E2-TC. Subsequent stimulations in both E2-TC and E2-TU where the injection pressure was increased above the least compressive principal stress are considered part of experiment 3, which is documented separately. The data are organized in directories labeled by the depth range isolated between packers.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

EGS Collab: Modeling and Simulation Working Group Teleconference Series (129-130)

This submission contains the presentation slides and recordings from EGS Collab Modeling and Simulation Working Group (MSWG) teleconferences number 129 through 130. These teleconferences served three objectives for the project: 1) share simulation results, 2) communicate field activities and results to the simulation teams, and 3) hold open scientific discussions on EGS topics.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

EGS Collab Experiment 2: Core Photographs and Descriptions

This submission contains photographs of rock core collected from EGS Collab Experiment 2 (and 3) boreholes. Cores were generally photographed in about 1-foot sections using Nikon D3300 DSLR cameras from two angles about 90 degrees apart, wet and dry. Core photos are provided here in .zip files for each well, organized in subfolders by depth interval. Panoramic photographs of the rock cores as well as description and anomaly logs are also available here.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

EGS Collab Experiment 2: Continuous Active Source Seismic Monitoring (CASSM)

The dataset contains continuous active-source seismic monitoring (CASSM) data collected during EGS Collab Experiment 2, conducted from February to September 2022 at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. This experiment aimed to investigate enhanced geothermal systems through high-pressure fluid injections at depths of 1200-1500 meters. The seismic monitoring system included 16 three-component piezoelectric accelerometers and 24 hydrophones installed in boreholes around the injection zones, recording signals from piezoelectric seismic sources. Data were acquired using both continuous and triggered recording systems, with sampling rates of up to 100 kHz. The raw data are organized by timestamps and stored in .dat format, with accompanying log files. Calibration certificates for selected accelerometers are provided to aid in correcting sensor responses, though users are advised to consider possible effects of enclosures and installation on sensor performance. Users are strongly advised to consult the accompanying report, which outlines the experimental setup, data acquisition, sensor specifications, and recording systems.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

EGS Collab Experiment 2: Microseismic Monitoring

This dataset contains continuous seismic waveform data recorded during stimulation and thermal circulation tests for the Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) Collab Experiment #2, conducted from February to September 2022 at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. This experiment aimed to study and validate models of geothermal systems by injecting high-pressure fluids into rock formations 1200-1500 meters below the surface, inducing microseismic events. The seismic monitoring system included 16 three-component accelerometers and a 24-channel hydrophone array, installed in boreholes surrounding the test area. Data were recorded at high sampling rates using a continuous waveform recording system to monitor seismic activity in real time. The dataset contains the raw data stored in binary format, with files named based on timestamps, and includes calibration certificates for some sensors to facilitate corrections to real units. Users are strongly advised to consult the accompanying detailed report, which outlines the experimental setup, sensor specifications, installation procedures, and data processing methods. The report also describes important nuances, such as the hardware filters on hydrophones, sensor calibration details, and the naming conventions for the recorded data. Proper use of this dataset may require familiarity with seismic data analysis tools, such as the Obspy Python package, and an understanding of the SEED naming conventions used for channel identification.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Toward Trustworthy Autonomous Science: A Two-Year Community Roadmap

One year ago, the AISLE roadmap argued that autonomous laboratories operated as isolated islands and proposed a grassroots network organized around five critical dimensions. The field has since moved faster than that roadmap anticipated: multi-agent systems have produced experimentally validated hypotheses, self-driving laboratories have grown more interoperable and orchestrated, reasoning-trained and domain foundation models have raised the capability ceiling, and the Genesis Mission has placed autonomous experimentation at the center of U.S. federal science strategy, with industry emerging as a primary actor. Progress has met a sobering counter-current, including a corrected flagship discovery result, benchmarks showing that agents which rival experts on closed-ended questions still complete only a fraction of open-ended research, and fabricated citations surfacing at leading venues. We read this as the defining tension of the field: producing a candidate discovery is no longer the hard part, but verifying it is, and this asymmetry now limits autonomous science more than raw model capability. Accordingly, we update the roadmap around seven dimensions, revisiting the original five and elevating two former cross-cutting concerns, trust, verification, and reproducibility, and safety, security, and governance, to first-class status. We assess the original milestones (M1 through M14) as achieved, partially achieved, reframed, or open, add four new milestones (M15 through M18) for the elevated dimensions, and scope the path forward to a two-year horizon, with the first year concentrating on interfaces, protocol adoption, and the scaffolding of verification, and the second targeting federation, zero-trust coordination, and governance. Throughout, we position the grassroots network as the interoperability fabric that lets national programs, international initiatives, and commercial platforms connect rather than re-silo.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗