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DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H8PtN2(ClO)2 by Materials Project

PtN2H8(OCl)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two azane;dichloroplatinum(2+);dihydrate molecules. Pt4+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to two equivalent N3-, two O2-, and two Cl1- atoms. Both Pt–N bond lengths are 2.07 Å. There are one shorter (2.02 Å) and one longer (2.03 Å) Pt–O bond lengths. Both Pt–Cl bond lengths are 2.36 Å. N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Pt4+ and three H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.03 Å) and two longer (1.04 Å) N–H bond length. There are five inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Pt4+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Pt4+ and one H1+ atom. There are two inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Pt4+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Pt4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H13RuN5(ClO)2 by Materials Project

RuN5H13O2Cl2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight hydrochloric acid molecules and four RuN5H13O2 clusters. In each RuN5H13O2 cluster, Ru2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to five N+1.80- and one O2- atom. There are a spread of Ru–N bond distances ranging from 1.75–2.14 Å. The Ru–O bond length is 1.98 Å. There are three inequivalent N+1.80- sites. In the first N+1.80- site, N+1.80- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Ru2+ and one O2- atom. The N–O bond length is 1.17 Å. In the second N+1.80- site, N+1.80- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ru2+ and three H1+ atoms. All N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the third N+1.80- site, N+1.80- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ru2+ and three H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and two longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. There are seven inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.80- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.80- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.80- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.80- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.80- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.80- atom. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.80- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ru2+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuH8C4N8(ClO)2 by Materials Project

CuC4H8(N4O)2Cl2 is Cyanogen Chloride-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two hydrochloric acid molecules and one CuC4H8(N4O)2 cluster. In the CuC4H8(N4O)2 cluster, Cu2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to two equivalent N+2.50- and two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Cu–N bond lengths are 1.84 Å. Both Cu–O bond lengths are 1.80 Å. There are two inequivalent C4+ sites. In the first C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two N+2.50- atoms. There is one shorter (1.18 Å) and one longer (1.27 Å) C–N bond length. In the second C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three N+2.50- atoms. There are a spread of C–N bond distances ranging from 1.33–1.36 Å. There are four inequivalent N+2.50- sites. In the first N+2.50- site, N+2.50- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cu2+ and one C4+ atom. In the second N+2.50- site, N+2.50- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two C4+ atoms. In the third N+2.50- site, N+2.50- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the fourth N+2.50- site, N+2.50- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. There are four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+2.50- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+2.50- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+2.50- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+2.50- atom. O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnH8C2N4(ClO)2 by Materials Project

ZnC2N4H8(OCl)2 is beta-like structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two ZnC2N4H8(OCl)2 clusters. Zn2+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to two O2- and two Cl1- atoms. There are one shorter (1.98 Å) and one longer (2.03 Å) Zn–O bond lengths. There are one shorter (2.24 Å) and one longer (2.26 Å) Zn–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent C4+ sites. In the first C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two N3- and one O2- atom. There is one shorter (1.34 Å) and one longer (1.35 Å) C–N bond length. The C–O bond length is 1.28 Å. In the second C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two N3- and one O2- atom. There is one shorter (1.34 Å) and one longer (1.35 Å) C–N bond length. The C–O bond length is 1.29 Å. There are four inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the fourth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. There are eight inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one C4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one C4+ atom. There are two inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Zn2+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Zn2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuH9C3N(ClO)2 by Materials Project

CuC3NH9(OCl)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two CuC3NH9(OCl)2 ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Cu2+ is bonded to two O2- and three Cl1- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing CuCl3O2 square pyramids. There are one shorter (1.99 Å) and one longer (2.04 Å) Cu–O bond lengths. There are a spread of Cu–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.86 Å. There are three inequivalent C+0.67- sites. In the first C+0.67- site, C+0.67- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form corner-sharing CH3N tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.46 Å. All C–H bond lengths are 1.10 Å. In the second C+0.67- site, C+0.67- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form corner-sharing CH3N tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.46 Å. There is one shorter (1.09 Å) and two longer (1.10 Å) C–H bond length. In the third C+0.67- site, C+0.67- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one N3-, one H1+, and one O2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.32 Å. The C–H bond length is 1.10 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.27 Å. N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three C+0.67- atoms. There are nine inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67- atom. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+0.67- atom. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu2+ and one C+0.67- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Cu2+ and two H1+ atoms. There are two inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two equivalent Cu2+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cu2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H18RuN5(ClO)2 by Materials Project

(RuN5H15O)2(H2O)2(HCl)2Cl2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four hydrochloric acid molecules, four hydrochloric acid molecules, four water molecules, and two RuN5H15O clusters. In each RuN5H15O cluster, Ru3+ is bonded to six N3- atoms to form edge-sharing RuN6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ru–N bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.17 Å. There are five inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two equivalent Ru3+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ru3+ and three H1+ atoms. There is two shorter (1.03 Å) and one longer (1.09 Å) N–H bond length. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ru3+ and three H1+ atoms. There is two shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the fourth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ru3+ and three H1+ atoms. All N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the fifth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ru3+ and three H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and two longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. There are fifteen inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one N3- and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.65 Å. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the tenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the eleventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the twelfth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the thirteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fourteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fifteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CoH15N6(ClO)2 by Materials Project

CoH15(N3O)2Cl2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four hydrochloric acid molecules and two CoH15(N3O)2 clusters. In each CoH15(N3O)2 cluster, Co3+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six N2- atoms. There are a spread of Co–N bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.11 Å. There are six inequivalent N2- sites. In the first N2- site, N2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Co3+ and three H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and two longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the second N2- site, N2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Co3+ and three H1+ atoms. There are a spread of N–H bond distances ranging from 1.02–1.04 Å. In the third N2- site, N2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Co3+ and three H1+ atoms. There are a spread of N–H bond distances ranging from 1.02–1.04 Å. In the fourth N2- site, N2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Co3+ and two O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.24 Å. In the fifth N2- site, N2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Co3+ and three H1+ atoms. There are a spread of N–H bond distances ranging from 1.02–1.04 Å. In the sixth N2- site, N2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Co3+ and three H1+ atoms. There are a spread of N–H bond distances ranging from 1.02–1.04 Å. There are fifteen inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the tenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the eleventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the twelfth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the thirteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the fourteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the fifteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuH18C4N10(ClO)2 by Materials Project

(CuH14(C2N5)2)2(H2O)2(H2OCl)2Cl2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two hydrochloric acid molecules; two hydrochloric acid, monohydrate molecules; two water molecules; and two CuH14(C2N5)2 clusters. In each CuH14(C2N5)2 cluster, Cu2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four N3- atoms. There is one shorter (1.95 Å) and three longer (1.96 Å) Cu–N bond length. There are four inequivalent C4+ sites. In the first C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three N3- atoms. There are a spread of C–N bond distances ranging from 1.31–1.38 Å. In the second C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three N3- atoms. There are a spread of C–N bond distances ranging from 1.31–1.37 Å. In the third C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three N3- atoms. There are a spread of C–N bond distances ranging from 1.31–1.38 Å. In the fourth C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three N3- atoms. There are a spread of C–N bond distances ranging from 1.31–1.37 Å. There are ten inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Cu2+, one C4+, and one H1+ atom. The N–H bond length is 1.02 Å. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.02 Å) N–H bond length. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two C4+ and one H1+ atom. The N–H bond length is 1.05 Å. In the fourth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.02 Å) N–H bond length. In the fifth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Cu2+, one C4+, and one H1+ atom. The N–H bond length is 1.02 Å. In the sixth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Cu2+, one C4+, and one H1+ atom. The N–H bond length is 1.03 Å. In the seventh N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the eighth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two C4+ and one H1+ atom. The N–H bond length is 1.04 Å. In the ninth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the tenth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Cu2+, one C4+, and one H1+ atom. The N–H bond length is 1.03 Å. There are fourteen inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the tenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the eleventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the twelfth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the thirteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fourteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiFe2(ClO)2 by Materials Project

LiFe2(OCl)2 is Hausmannite-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four equivalent Cl1- atoms to form distorted LiCl4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with six FeCl2O4 octahedra, an edgeedge with one FeCl2O4 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent LiCl4 trigonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–80°. There are two shorter (2.28 Å) and two longer (2.47 Å) Li–Cl bond lengths. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four Cl1- atoms to form distorted LiCl4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with six FeCl2O4 octahedra, an edgeedge with one FeCl2O4 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent LiCl4 trigonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–80°. There are two shorter (2.28 Å) and two longer (2.54 Å) Li–Cl bond lengths. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four Cl1- atoms to form distorted LiCl4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with six FeCl2O4 octahedra, an edgeedge with one FeCl2O4 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent LiCl4 trigonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–76°. There are two shorter (2.25 Å) and two longer (2.44 Å) Li–Cl bond lengths. There are six inequivalent Fe+2.50+ sites. In the first Fe+2.50+ site, Fe+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms to form distorted FeCl2O4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeCl2O4 octahedra, corners with four LiCl4 trigonal pyramids, and edges with six FeCl2O4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 18°. There is two shorter (1.98 Å) and two longer (2.00 Å) Fe–O bond length. Both Fe–Cl bond lengths are 2.71 Å. In the second Fe+2.50+ site, Fe+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms to form distorted FeCl2O4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeCl2O4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent LiCl4 trigonal pyramids, edges with six FeCl2O4 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiCl4 trigonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 17°. There are two shorter (1.99 Å) and two longer (2.01 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. Both Fe–Cl bond lengths are 2.61 Å. In the third Fe+2.50+ site, Fe+2.50+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms to form distorted FeCl2O4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeCl2O4 octahedra, corners with four LiCl4 trigonal pyramids, and edges with six FeCl2O4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 18°. There are two shorter (2.05 Å) and two longer (2.28 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. Both Fe–Cl bond lengths are 2.61 Å. In the fourth Fe+2.50+ site, Fe+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms to form distorted FeCl2O4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeCl2O4 octahedra, corners with four equivalent LiCl4 trigonal pyramids, and edges with six FeCl2O4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 17°. There are two shorter (2.05 Å) and two longer (2.25 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. Both Fe–Cl bond lengths are 2.63 Å. In the fifth Fe+2.50+ site, Fe+2.50+ is bonded to four O2- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms to form distorted FeCl2O4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeCl2O4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent LiCl4 trigonal pyramids, edges with six FeCl2O4 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiCl4 trigonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 18°. There are two shorter (2.06 Å) and two longer (2.27 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. Both Fe–Cl bond lengths are 2.56 Å. In the sixth Fe+2.50+ site, Fe+2.50+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms to form distorted FeCl2O4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeCl2O4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent LiCl4 trigonal pyramids, edges with six FeCl2O4 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiCl4 trigonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 18°. All Fe–O bond lengths are 2.00 Å. Both Fe–Cl bond lengths are 2.60 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.50+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.50+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.50+ atoms. There are three inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to two equivalent Li1+ and two Fe+2.50+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Li1+ and two Fe+2.50+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+ and two Fe+2.50+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CoC12N8(ClO5)2 by Materials Project

CoO4(C5N4)2(CO2)2(ClO)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two formic acid molecules, two C5N4 clusters, one ClO cluster, and one CoO4 cluster. In each C5N4 cluster, there are five inequivalent C+3.67+ sites. In the first C+3.67+ site, C+3.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.30 Å. In the second C+3.67+ site, C+3.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two N3- atoms. There is one shorter (1.32 Å) and one longer (1.42 Å) C–N bond length. In the third C+3.67+ site, C+3.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two N3- atoms. There is one shorter (1.39 Å) and one longer (1.58 Å) C–N bond length. In the fourth C+3.67+ site, C+3.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two N3- atoms. There is one shorter (1.32 Å) and one longer (1.40 Å) C–N bond length. In the fifth C+3.67+ site, C+3.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two N3- atoms. There is one shorter (1.35 Å) and one longer (1.38 Å) C–N bond length. There are four inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two C+3.67+ atoms. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two C+3.67+ atoms. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three C+3.67+ atoms. In the fourth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two C+3.67+ atoms. In the ClO cluster, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Cl1- atoms. There is one shorter (1.56 Å) and one longer (2.33 Å) O–Cl bond length. Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. In the CoO4 cluster, Co2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.64 Å) and two longer (1.88 Å) Co–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Co2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Co2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

In Situ Wood Delignification toward Sustainable Applications

As one of the most abundant and versatile natural materials on Earth, recently wood has attracted tremendous attention from scientists and engineers due to its outstanding advantages, including hierarchically porous microstructure, high mechanical strength, environmental friendliness, renewability, and biodegradability. Wood’s hierarchically porous structure and chemical components (e.g., cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin) enable its mechanical, ionic, optical, and thermal properties to be tuned via physical, chemical, and/or thermal modifications. Among these various approaches, the chemical delignification of bulk wood is the most fascinating, in which the majority of lignin and hemicelluloses is removed while leaving the cellulose intact, maintaining wood’s physical integrity and hierarchical structure. This delignified structure is unique, composed of hollow, aligned channels made up of cellulose microfibrils, and particularly attractive given its origin from a sustainable and renewable resource. As a result, delignified wood has attracted increasing attention for applications that go far beyond traditional wood utilization, such as lightweight yet strong structural materials, energy storage and conversion, environmental remediation, flexible electronics, and bioengineering. Here, we review recent developments in bulk wood delignification strategies toward the achievement of such advanced wood technologies for sustainable applications, with a focus on the research in our group. Similar to chemical pulping and bleaching, wood delignification involves a series of nucleophilic reactions based on alkaline Na 2 SO 3 or Na 2 S systems (i.e., chemical pulping) or electrophilic, radical, and oxidation reactions based on H 2 O 2 , ClO 2 , or NaClO systems (i.e., chemical bleaching) to deconstruct, fragment, and promote the hydrophilicity of lignin macromolecules, which finally make lignin easier to be removed. We discuss the structure and properties of partially and near-completely delignified wood, with a focus on process-structure–property relationships. The resulting delignified wood materials, with tunable structure and properties, demonstrate various advanced functions, in a wide range of advanced applications, such as building and construction, green energy, and electronics. Finally, the potential challenges and appealing perspectives of in situ wood delignification are discussed. In situ wood delignification, as a powerful modification strategy, has speeded up the development of advanced wood technologies and wood-based functional materials and products.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on PtN4(Cl2O)2 by Materials Project

PtCl2(N2)2(ClO)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four hypochlorous acid molecules, four nitrogen molecules, and two platinum(ii) chloride molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Combined chlorine dioxide–membrane distillation for the treatment of produced water

Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising technique for desalinating hypersaline brine, such as produced water (PW). To date, fouling and scaling have remained as major challenges for MD implementation. In this study, chlorine dioxide combined with induced air floatation (ClO 2 -IAF) was systematically investigated as a pretreatment prior to MD. First, the ClO 2 generation based on sodium chlorite and hydrochloric acid was optimized to maximize the on-demand ClO 2 production. The maximum production yield of 18.4% was obtained with 4wt.% NaClO 2 and 20wt.% HCl solutions, with a molar ratio of 1:1.25. Then, two real PW samples were pretreated, and removal efficiencies for total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, iron, and total organic carbon (TOC) were comprehensively studied by varying the ClO 2 dosage between 6 and 91 mg/L. The ClO 2 -IAF pretreatment displayed TSS and turbidity removals above 90% and TOC removal close to 55%. Further, the PW constituents such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were analyzed and quantified throughout the cascade of the treatments. The volatiles like BTEX were mainly removed by air floatation, while saturated hydrocarbons such as TPH were retained by the hydrophobic membrane. The MD long-term stability without any in-place cleaning was evaluated, and the membrane withstood for twenty two days without wetting, suggesting that optimizing oxidation pretreatment is critical for mitigating the fouling in MD. Results suggest that organic fouling in PW could be effectively reduced by the pretreatment, but further treatment is required to mitigate the scaling, which resulted in MD wetting.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

PotLib 2023: New version of a potential energy surface library for chemical systems

POTLIB is a library of global and semiglobal potential energy surface subprograms. The library currently features 410 entries, including both single-state entries and multi-state entries. When one calls the routine of a single-state entry, it returns the ground-electronic-state adiabatic potential energy surface at the input geometry. In addition, some entries also return the gradient of the surface. Further, when one calls a multi-state entry, it returns a diabatic potential energy matrix (DPEM). If the entry also has the gradient of the DPEM, one can compute adiabatic surfaces, their gradients, and the nonadiabatic coupling vectors (NACs) from the DPEM and its gradient by diagonalization. Some but not all the routines conform to one of a set of standard interfaces. The goal is to facilitate chemical dynamics research by collecting and disseminating a comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art potential energy routines (developed by a wide, international group of researchers) with systematic and well-defined interfaces for use with chemical dynamics programs. Systems in the library include CHArO 2 , CHN 2 O + , CH 2 O, CH 2 O 2 , CH 3 N 2 , CH 3 O, CH 4 , CH 4 Br, CH 4 Cl, CH 4 F, CH 4 O, CH 4 OCl, CH 4 OF, CH 4 OH, CH 5 , CH$^{+}_{5}$, CH 5 N, CH 5 O 2 , CH 8 O 2 , C 2 H 2 N 2 O, C 2 H 2 O, C 2 H 4 N, C 2 H 4 O 4 , C 2 H 6 Cl, C 2 H 6 F, C 2 H 6 H, C 2 H 6 O, C 2 H 6 OH, C 2 H 7 , C 2 O 2 , C 3 H 4 O 2 , C 3 H 7 NO, C 6 H 6 O, C 6 H 6 S, C 7 H8S, HBrCl, HCl 2 , HF 2 , HI 2 , HLiF, HNaF, HO 2 , HO 3 , HOBr, HSiO, H 2 Br, H 2 ClO, H 2 F, H 2 F 2 , H 2 FO, H 2 Na, H 2 O, H 2 O 2 , H 2 OBr, H 3 , H 3 Cl, H 3 ClN, H 3 ClO, H 3 N, H 3 O, H 3 O 2 , H$^{+}_{3}$, H 3 S, H 4 ClSi, H 4 N, H 4 NO, H 4 O 2 , H 5 GeO, H 5 Si, H$^{+}_{7}$, Al m H n , Al n , Ar N O, K 2 Rb 2 , NO 2 , N 2 O, N 2 O 2 , N 3 , N 4 , O 3 , and O 4 .

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Distinct Bimetallic Cooperativity Among Water Reduction Catalysts Containing [Co III Co III ], [Ni II Ni II ], and [Zn II Zn II ] Cores

We report three binuclear species [LCo III 2 (μ-Pz) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 3 (1), [LNi II 2 (CH 3 OH) 2 Cl 2 ]ClO 4 (2), and [LZn II 2 Cl 2 ]PF 6 (3) supported by the deprotonated form of the ligand 2,6-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl) amino-methyl]-4-methylphenol were synthesized, structurally characterized as solids and in solution, and had their electrochemical and spectroscopic behavior established. Species 1–3 had their water reduction ability studied aiming to interrogate the possible cooperative catalytic activity between two neighboring metal centers. Species 1 and 2 reduced H 2 O to H 2 effectively at an applied potential of -1.6 V Ag/AgCl , yielding turnover numbers of 2,820 and 2,290, respectively, after 30 minutes. Species 3 lacked activity and was used as a negative control to eliminate the possibility of ligand-based catalysis. Pre- and post-catalytic data gave evidence of the molecular nature of the process within the timeframe of the experiments. Species 1 showed structural, rather than electronic cooperativity, while species 2 displayed no obvious cooperativity. DFT methods complemented the experimental results determining plausible mechanisms.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Dinuclear Complexes of Uranyl, Neptunyl, and Plutonyl: Structures and Oxidation States Revealed by Experiment and Theory

Dinuclear perchlorate complexes of uranium, neptunium, and plutonium were characterized by reactivity and DFT, with results revealing structures containing pentavalent, hexavalent, and heptavalent actinyls, and actinyl-actinyl interactions (AAIs). Electrospray ionization produced native complexes [(AnO 2 ) 2 (ClO 4 ) 3 ] - for An:An = U:U, Np:Np, Pu:Pu, and Np:Pu, which are intuitively formulated as actinyl(V) perchlorates. However, DFT identified lower-energy structures [(AnO 2 )(AnO 3 )(ClO 4 ) 2 (ClO 3 )] - comprising a perchlorate fragmented to ClO 3 , actinyl(VI) cation An VI O 2 2+ , and neutral AnO 3 . For U:U and Np:Np, and Np in Np:Pu, the coordinated AnO 3 is calculated as actinyl(VI) with an equatorial oxo, [O yl =An VI =O yl ][=O eq ], whereas for Pu:Pu, it is plutonyl(V) oxyl, [O yl =Pu V =O yl ][-O eq • ]. The implied lower stability of Pu VI versus Np VI indicates weaker Pu=O eq versus Np=O eq bonding. Adsorption of O 2 by the U:U complex suggests oxidation of U V to U VI , corroborating the assignment of perchlorate [(An V O 2 ) 2 (ClO 4 ) 3 ] - . DFT predicts the O 2 adducts are [(An VI O 2 )(O 2 )(An VI O 2 )(ClO 4 ) 3 ] - with actinyls oxidized from +V to +VI by bridging peroxide, O 2 2- . In accordance with reactivity, O 2- addition is computed as substantially exothermic for U:U and least favorable for Pu:Pu. Collision-induced dissociation of native complexes eliminated ClO 2 to yield [(AnO 2 )(O) 2 (AnO 2 )(ClO 4 ) 2 ] - , in which fragmented O atoms bridge as oxyl O -• and oxo O 2- to yield uranyl(VI) and plutonyl(VI), or as oxos O 2- to yield neptunyl(VII), [O yl =Np VII =O yl ] 3+ .

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Origin of the isotopic composition of natural perchlorate: Experimental results for the impact of reaction pathway and initial ClO x reactant

Natural perchlorate (ClO 4 - ) exists in many places on Earth, in lunar regolith, meteorites, and on the surface of Mars. Terrestrial natural ClO 4 - has widely variable Cl and O stable isotopic compositions (δ 37 Cl, δ 18 O, Δ 17 O). The δ 18 O and Δ 17 O values of ClO 4 - from the most hyper-arid locations co-vary. ClO 4 - from less arid areas has relatively little 17 O excess and poor Δ 17 O-δ 18 O correlation. ClO 4 - from the Atacama Desert has unusually low δ 37 Cl (<-10‰) and exhibits a positive correlation between δ 37 Cl and δ 18 O, while the δ 37 Cl of ClO 4 - from all other locations varies between -5 and +7‰ with no δ 37 Cl-δ 18 O covariation. To evaluate the impact of different precursors (ClO x ) and reaction pathways on the isotopic composition of ClO 4 - , we measured the isotopic composition of ClO 4 - produced in the laboratory by UV or O 3 mediated aqueous oxidation of Cl-, OCl-, ClO2-, and ClO2° as well as O 3 mediated oxidation of dry NaCl. ClO x oxidation in aqueous or dry systems enriched in O 3 produced ClO 4 - with Δ 17 O values that generally increased with the number of O atoms required and included evidence that the site-specific 17 O anomaly in O 3 was preferentially transferred to ClO 4 - . Based on the inferred number of O atoms sourced from O 3 , and known Cl and O reaction pathways, it appears that ClO 2 ° and ClO 3 * were required intermediates in the production of ClO 4 - in the O 3 experiments. ClO x aqueous oxidation by UV irradiation produced ClO 4 - with a large range of δ 18 O values and little or no 17 O anomaly. ClO 3 - was produced to a much greater extent than ClO 4 - in all experiments except dry oxidation of NaCl by O 3 . The isotopic composition of ClO 3 - was distinct from that of ClO 4 - produced from the same initial reactants. Combined results of O 3 and UV mediated reactions largely bracketed the range of natural ClO 4 - δ 18 O and Δ 17 O values as well as δ 37 Cl values of non-Atacama natural samples, but no conditions produced the low δ 37 Cl values of Atacama ClO 4 - . Finally, our results indicate that variation in production mechanisms, possibly combined with isotopically variable precursors, could be responsible for much of the observed isotopic variation in natural ClO 4 - and ClO 3 - .

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗