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DOE OSTI2026

Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program: FY 2025 Completed Projects

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is the US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) largest multiprogram science, technology, and energy laboratory. It possesses distinctive capabilities in a variety of fields, such as neutron science, computing, advanced materials, and nuclear science and technology. Using these capabilities, ORNL conducts basic and applied research and development (R&D) to support DOE’s overarching mission “to ensure America’s security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions.” As a national resource, ORNL also applies its capabilities and skills to the specific needs of other federal agencies and customers through the DOE Strategic Partnership Projects (SPP) Program. Information about the laboratory and its programs is available on the ORNL website. The Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at ORNL operates under the authority of DOE Order 413.2C, Laboratory Directed Research and Development, which establishes DOE’s requirements for the program while providing the laboratory director broad flexibility for program implementation. The LDRD Program funds are obtained through a charge to all laboratory programs. Although it represents a relatively small portion of the overall research budget, the LDRD Program plays an essential role in maintaining the laboratory’s ability to respond to national needs. The program allows ORNL to improve its distinctive capabilities and enhance its ability to conduct cutting-edge R&D. In accordance with the DOE order, R&D projects funded through the LDRD Program at ORNL support the goals of • maintaining the scientific and technical vitality of the laboratory, • enhancing the laboratory’s ability to address future DOE missions, • fostering creativity and stimulating exploration of forefront areas of science and technology, • serving as a proving ground for new concepts in R&D, and • supporting high-risk, potentially high-value R&D. This report provides an overview of the LDRD Program at ORNL in FY 2025 and contains summaries of all the LDRD research projects that concluded between October 1, 2024, and September 30, 2025.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program: FY 2023 Completed Projects Report

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is the US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) largest multiprogram science, technology, and energy laboratory. It possesses distinctive capabilities in a variety of fields, such as neutron science, computing, advanced materials, and nuclear science and technology. Using these capabilities, ORNL conducts basic and applied research and development (R&D) to support DOE’s overarching mission “to ensure America’s security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions.” As a national resource, ORNL also applies its capabilities and skills to the specific needs of other federal agencies and customers through the DOE Strategic Partnership Projects (SPP) Program. Information about the laboratory and its programs is available on the ORNL website. The Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at ORNL operates under the authority of the DOE Order 413.2C, Laboratory Directed Research and Development, which establishes DOE’s requirements for the program while providing the laboratory director broad flexibility for program implementation. The LDRD Program funds are obtained through a charge to all laboratory programs. Although it represents a relatively small portion of the overall research budget, the LDRD Program plays an essential role in maintaining the laboratory’s ability to respond to national needs. The program allows ORNL to improve its distinctive capabilities and to enhance its ability to conduct cutting-edge R&D. This report provides an overview of the LDRD Program at ORNL in FY 2023 and contains summaries of all the LDRD research projects that concluded between October 1, 2022, and September 30, 2023.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program: FY 2024 Completed Projects Report

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is the US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) largest multiprogram science, technology, and energy laboratory. It possesses distinctive capabilities in a variety of fields, such as neutron science, computing, advanced materials, and nuclear science and technology. Using these capabilities, ORNL conducts basic and applied research and development (R&D) to support DOE’s overarching mission “to ensure America’s security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions.” As a national resource, ORNL also applies its capabilities and skills to the specific needs of other federal agencies and customers through the DOE Strategic Partnership Projects (SPP) Program. Information about the laboratory and its programs is available on the ORNL website. The Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at ORNL operates under the authority of DOE Order 413.2C, Laboratory Directed Research and Development,3 which establishes DOE’s requirements for the program while providing the laboratory director broad flexibility for program implementation. The LDRD Program funds are obtained through a charge to all laboratory programs. Although it represents a relatively small portion of the overall research budget, the LDRD Program plays an essential role in maintaining the laboratory’s ability to respond to national needs. The program allows ORNL to improve its distinctive capabilities and to enhance its ability to conduct cutting-edge R&D. In accordance with the DOE order, R&D projects funded through the LDRD Program at ORNL support the goals of • maintaining the scientific and technical vitality of the laboratory; • enhancing the laboratory’s ability to address future DOE missions; • fostering creativity and stimulating exploration of forefront areas of science and technology; • serving as a proving ground for new concepts in R&D; and • supporting high-risk, potentially high-value R&D. This report provides an overview of the LDRD Program at ORNL in FY 2024 and contains summaries of all the LDRD research projects that concluded between October 1, 2023, and September 30, 2024.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Los Alamos National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FY24 Annual Progress Report and Report on Completed Projects

The Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Annual Report for fiscal year 2024 (FY24) is organized as follows: Overview: A description of the LDRD program at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), including the program’s structure and objectives; a summary of the program’s value; and highlights of outstanding program accomplishments.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2021

Safeguards Technology Development Program. FY2021 Mid-Year Report, Encryption of Signal Pulses

Summary statement of work: Develop a signal pulse digital signing and encryption in-line device to verify signal integrity and point of origin for TTL pulse data used in IAEA systems, and to avoid the need for expensive tamper-indicating conduit or techniques. This device will be called Transparent Remote Encryption of Correlated Signals (TRECS). TRECS consists of two parts, a head end which is located in or near the detector assembly and a tail end that is located with the data acquisition electronics, i.e. MiniGrand, UMSR, UDL1 or JSR.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2016

Direct Feed Low Activity Waste (DFLAW) Program: Development, Progression and Risk Management - 16476

This Direct Feed Low-Activity Waste (DFLAW) Program paper describes the key programmatic elements to enable the startup of treatment and disposal of Hanford tank waste through a phased startup of the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Specifically the DFLAW Program consists of the Low- Activity Waste (LAW) vitrification facility, and the direct feed to LAW of treated tank farm supernatant from the Low-Activity Waste Pretreatment System (LAWPS). This document identifies the overall strategy, objectives, and processes of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of River Protection (ORP) and all supporting DOE subcontractors, and describes the scope of the program elements. In addition gaps, risks, and opportunities to successful integration for commissioning of all needed systems and facilities to produce immobilized LAW product (ILAW) are described. The scope of the DFLAW Program extends up to the point that LAW Facility hot commissioning is complete and all DFLAW systems are fully operational. The DFLAW Program coordinates, integrates, and monitors all the activities necessary to successfully commission and start up the WTP LAW facility. This involves integrating the readiness of all the plant, personnel and program/procedures that support startup of hot commissioning of tank farms systems, WTP systems, waste treatment and disposal systems, and site utility, infrastructure and services. Multiple Hanford contractors have responsibilities to execute and perform scope under the umbrella of the DFLAW Program. The primary focus of the One System organization, comprised of WTP Project and Tank Operations Contract (TOC) personnel, is to manage the coordination and integration across the interfaces of the work scope described above. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2019

R&D and Implementation Outcomes from the U.S.-India Bilateral Center for Building Energy Research and Development Program

This paper explores the role of international partnerships to facilitate low-energy building design, construction, and operations. We present the strategic approach, joint research and development outcomes, and implementation activities of a unique U.S.-India program on buildings energy efficiency, the Center for Building Energy Research and Development. We discuss the collaboration successes in both countries despite their dissimilar building contexts, implementation challenges and opportunities. We highlight a range of R&D outcomes, such as novel tools and technologies developed and tested by the joint teams, with their technical energy savings potential, as well as results of capacity building and technology demonstrations. A deep-dive into key new scientific methods around building energy monitoring and benchmarking that could have a significant impact on high-performance of buildings in both countries is also provided. Finally, in addition to joint R&D successes, pathways to deployment, and lessons learned are discussed as key takeaways.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2015

NNSA Program Develops the Next Generation of Nuclear Security Experts

NNSA is fostering the next generation of nuclear security experts is through its successful NNSA Graduate Fellowship Program (NGFP). NGFP offers its Fellows an exceptional career development opportunity through hands-on experience supporting NNSA mission areas across policy and technology disciplines. The one-year assignments give tomorrow’s leaders in global nuclear security and nonproliferation unparalleled exposure through assignments to Program Offices across NNSA.

human capital development↗

DOE OSTI2014

UCLA Translational Biomarker Development Program (UTBD)

The proposed UTBD program integrates the sciences of diagnostic nuclear medicine and (radio)chemistry with tumor biology and drug development. UTBD aims to translate new PET biomarkers for personalized medicine and to provide examples for the use of PET to determine pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) drug properties. The program builds on an existing partnership between the Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division (ATID) and the Crump Institute of Molecular Imaging (CIMI), the UCLA Department of Chemistry and the Division of Surgical Oncology. ATID provides the nuclear medicine training program, clinical and preclinical PET/CT scanners, biochemistry and biology labs for probe and drug development, radiochemistry labs, and two cyclotrons. CIMI provides DOE and NIH-funded training programs for radio-synthesis (START) and molecular imaging (SOMI). Other participating entities at UCLA are the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Division of Surgical Oncology. The first UTBD project focuses on deoxycytidine kinase, a rate-limiting enzyme in nucleotide metabolism, which is expressed in many cancers. Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) positive tumors can be targeted uniquely by two distinct therapies: 1) nucleoside analog prodrugs such as gemcitabine (GEM) are activated by dCK to cytotoxic antimetabolites; 2) recently developed small molecule dCK inhibitors kill tumor cells by starving them of nucleotides required for DNA replication and repair. Since dCK-specific PET probes are now available, PET imaging of tumor dCK activity could improve the use of two different classes of drugs in a wide variety of cancers.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗

DOE OSTI2012

Recovery Act: Training Program Development for Commercial Building Equipment Technicians (Final Scientific/Technical Report)

The overall goal of this project has been to develop curricula, certification requirements, and accreditation standards for training on energy efficient practices and technologies for commercial building technicians. These training products will advance industry expertise towards net-zero energy commercial building goals and will result in a substantial reduction in energy use. The ultimate objective is to develop a workforce that can bring existing commercial buildings up to their energy performance potential and ensure that new commercial buildings do not fall below their expected optimal level of performance. Commercial building equipment technicians participating in this training program will learn how to best operate commercial buildings to ensure they reach their expected energy performance level. The training is a combination of classroom, online and on-site lessons. The Texas Engineering Extension Service (TEEX) developed curricula using subject matter and adult learning experts to ensure the training meets certification requirements and accreditation standards for training these technicians. The training targets a specific climate zone to meets the needs, specialized expertise, and perspectives of the commercial building equipment technicians in that zone. The combination of efficient operations and advanced design will improve the internal built environment of a commercial building by increasing comfort and safety, while reducing energy use and environmental impact. Properly trained technicians will ensure equipment operates at design specifications. A second impact is a more highly trained workforce that is better equipped to obtain employment. Organizations that contributed to the development of the training program include TEEX and the Texas Engineering Experiment Station (TEES) (both members of The Texas A&M University System). TEES is also a member of the Building Commissioning Association. This report includes a description of the project accomplishments, including the course development phases, tasks associated with each phase, and detailed list of the course materials developed. A summary of each year's activities is also included.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2014

Pilot Readiness Development Program for Autonomous Pathogen Detection System (APDS) (Final Report)

The purpose of this CRADA was to develop, integrate, and test design changes to LLNL’s field prototype autonomous pathogen detection system (APDS). The desired result of this project was an improved design of the APDS, along with test data characterizing performance of the new hardware, software, and processes. This improved design was to be closer to the final production design for operation. The third amendment to the Statement of Work (SOW) significantly redefined the scope of the work from general improvements to creating a NGSS built system that included the improvements from before and prepared the system for head to head testing for the BioWatch Gen-3 program. All deliverables were met on time and on budget.

Henderer, Bruce D.↗

DOE OSTI2025

STEM Professional Development Program for Nuclear Security Science and Technology Consortium

This oral presentation captures the technical and developmental aspect of the program in support of UNLV. The goal of this project is to develop a steady pipeline of STEM educated professionals in area of national and international nuclear security. The goal is to train university students at NNSS laboratories in studies motivated by global nuclear security topics ranging from nuclear emergency response and management to physics experiments for stockpile stewardship program.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗

DOE OSTI2017

Vehicle Technologies and Fuel Cell Technologies Office Research and Development Programs: Prospective Benefits Assessment Report for Fiscal Year 2018

Under a diverse set of programs, the Vehicle Technologies and Fuel Cell Technologies Offices of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy invest in early-stage research of advanced batteries and electrification, engines and fuels, materials, and energy-efficient mobility systems; hydrogen production, delivery, and storage; and fuel cell technologies. This report documents the estimated benefits of successful development and implementation of advanced vehicle technologies. It presents a comparison of a scenario with completely successful implementation of Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (FCTO) technologies (the Program Success case) to a future in which there is no contribution after Fiscal Year 2017 by the VTO or FCTO to these technologies (the No Program case). Benefits were attributed to individual program technology areas, which included FCTO research and development and the VTO programs of electrification, advanced combustion engines and fuels, and materials technology. Projections for the Program Success case indicate that by 2035, the average fuel economy of on-road, light-duty vehicle stock could be 24% to 30% higher than in the No Program case, while fuel economy for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicle stock could be as much as 13% higher. The resulting petroleum savings in 2035 were estimated to be as high as 1.9 million barrels of oil per day, and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions were estimated to be as high as 320 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year. Projections of light-duty vehicle adoption indicate that although advanced-technology vehicles may be somewhat more expensive to purchase, the fuel savings result in a net reduction of consumer cost. In 2035, reductions in annual fuel expenditures for vehicles (both light- and heavy-duty) are projected to range from $86 billion to $109 billion (2015$), while the projected increase in new vehicle expenditures in the same year ranges from $6 billion to $24 billion (2015$).

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2016

The U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board Intern Program: Developing Next Generation Nuclear Waste Professionals - 16102

The U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (Board) created an internship program in the fall of 2013 for undergraduate and graduate students interested in management and disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. Interns must select a project topic in a technical area related to the Board's mission and prepare a well-supported briefing for the agency. The ability to review technical and scientific information in a critical and unbiased manner is essential for completion of the intern's project and this is a particular focus of the interaction between the mentor and the intern. The interns from 2014 and 2015 selected and reviewed topics related to the areas of commingling waste forms for disposal and deep borehole disposal. In addition to the technical project, interns acquire a broad perspective of the federal agencies involved in managing and disposing of radioactive waste while participating in inter-agency networking opportunities. In this review of the Board internship experience, two past interns discuss the personal impact of the program and how they believe the experience prepared them to face the challenges of a career in management and disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2018

Pilot Readiness Development Program for Autonomous Pathogen Detection System (APDS) Final Report CRADA No. TC02115.0

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2017

LungMAP: The Molecular Atlas of Lung Development Program

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute is funding an effort to create a molecular atlas of the developing lung (LungMAP) to serve as a research resource and public education tool. The lung is a complex organ with lengthy development time driven by interactive gene networks and dynamic cross talk among multiple cell types to control and coordinate lineage specification, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, morphogenesis, and injury repair. A better understanding of the processes that regulate lung development, particularly alveologenesis, will have a significant impact on survival rates for premature infants born with incomplete lung development and will facilitate lung injury repair and regeneration in adults. A consortium of four research centers, a data coordinating center, and a human tissue repository provides high-quality molecular data of developing human and mouse lungs. LungMAP includes mouse and human data for cross correlation of developmental processes across species. LungMAP is generating foundational data and analysis, creating a web portal for presentation of results and public sharing of data sets, establishing a repository of young human lung tissues obtained through organ donor organizations, and developing a comprehensive lung ontology that incorporates the latest findings of the consortium. The LungMAP website (www.lungmap.net) currently contains more than 6,000 high-resolution lung images and transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic human and mouse data and provides scientific information to stimulate interest in research careers for young audiences. This paper presents a brief description of research conducted by the consortium, database, and portal development and upcoming features that will enhance the LungMAP experience for a community of users.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2019

Safeguards Technology Development Program Annual Report of FY 2018

In this project, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) are jointly developing deep machine learning algorithms to improve the review process of surveillance data by identifying objects of interest in image-review software. The technique being developed in this project can be used to reduce the burden on International Atomic energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards inspectors during surveillance review.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Vehicle Technologies Office Research and Development Program, Prospective Benefits Assessment Report for FY 2020

Under the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, the Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) invests in research on technologies and innovations, including advanced batteries and electrification; engines and fuels, materials, and energy-efficient mobility systems; hydrogen production, delivery, and storage; and fuel cells. This report documents the estimated benefits of successfully developing and implementing these technologies (the “Program Success” case) relative to a base case (the “No Program” case). The Program Success case represents a future with successful implementation of VTO technologies. The No Program case represents a future in which there is no contribution after Fiscal Year (FY) 2020 by VTO to these technologies. Results presented here are not intended to be predictions. Instead, they represent possible future market outcomes, predicated on assumed technological progress and other future conditions.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗