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At least 91 records · Page 5

On the accuracy of Whitham's method

The steady flow of an ideal gas past a conical body is studied by the method of matched asymptotic expansions and by Whitham's method in order to assess the accuracy of the latter. It is found that while Whitham's method does not yield a correct asymptotic representation of the perturbation field to second order in regions where the flow ahead of the Mach cone of the apex is disturbed, it does correctly predict the changes of the second-order perturbation quantities across a shock (the first-order shock strength). The results of the analysis are illustrated by a special case of a flat, rectangular plate at incidence.

Zahalak, G. I.↗

Beyond the Kirchhoff approximation. II - Electromagnetic scattering

In a paper by Rodriguez (1981), the momentum transfer expansion was introduced for scalar wave scattering. It was shown that this expansion can be used to obtain wavelength-dependent curvature corrections to the Kirchhoff approximation. This paper extends the momentum transfer perturbation expansion to electromagnetic waves. Curvature corrections to the surface current are obtained. Using these results, the specular field and the backscatter cross section are calculated.

Rodriguez, Ernesto↗

Jet angularities in dijet production in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC

We study jet angularities for dijet production at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in proton-proton (pp) and nucleus-nucleus (AA) collisions at 200 GeV nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass collision energy. In particular, we provide NLL resummed predictions for angularity observables of groomed and ungroomed jets produced in pp collisions matched to next-to-leading order QCD calculations resulting in NLO + NLL ' accuracy. Our parton-level predictions are corrected for non-perturbative effects, such as hadronization and underlying event, using parton-to-hadron level transfer matrices obtained with the Sherpa event generator. Furthermore, we use the Q-PYTHIA and JEWEL generators to estimate the impact of the interaction between quarks and gluons produced by the parton shower with the dense medium formed in heavy-ion collisions on the considered jet angularities.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Rotational excitation of a rigid rotor - Comparison of two approximate classical models with exact classical results.

A rigid body model and a perturbation technique are used to measure the rotational excitation of a rigid rotor in the determination of the moments of fractional rotational energy transfer in the Ar-N2 system. A table of data is included to compare the obtained results with exact results, showing the failure of the perturbation model to yield correct results.

Labudde, R. A.↗

Wind tunnel evaluation of YF-12 inlet response to internal airflow disturbances with and without control

The response of terminal-shock position and static pressures in the subsonic duct of a YF-12 aircraft flight-hardware inlet to perturbations in simulated engine corrected airflow were obtained with and without inlet control. Frequency response data, obtained with inlet controls inactive, indicated the general nature of the inherent inlet dynamics, assisted in the design of controls, and provided a baseline reference for responses with active controls. All the control laws were implemented by means of a digital computer that could be programmed to behave like the flight inlet's existing analog control. The experimental controls were designed using an analytical optimization technique. The capabilities of the controls were limited primarily by the actuation hardware. The experimental controls provided somewhat better attenuation of terminal shock excursions than did the YF-13 inlet control. Controls using both the forward and aft bypass systems also provided somewhat better attenuation than those using just the forward bypass. The main advantage of using both bypasses is in the greater control flexibility that is achieved.

Cole, G. L.↗

Direct structural parameter identification by modal test results

A direct identification procedure is proposed to obtain the mass and stiffness matrices based on the test measured eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The method is based on the theory of matrix perturbation in which the correct mass and stiffness matrices are expanded in terms of analytical values plus a modification matrix. The simplicity of the procedure enables real time operation during the structural testing.

Chen, J.-C.↗

Transfer trajectory design for the SOHO libration-point mission

It is shown that transfer trajectories to the halo orbit exist throughout the year, with a one week closure of the launch window each month because of unfavorable lunar perturbations that cannot be corrected in the case of transfer trajectory insertion errors. The launch window for transfers to large-amplitude Lissajous orbits is virtually the same as that for transfers to the baseline halo orbit. Details of these trajectories are described and questions about groundstation coverage are discussed.

Dunham, D. W.↗

The stability of two-phase flow over a swept-wing

We use numerical and asymptotic techniques to study the stability of a two-phase air/water flow above a flat porous plate. This flow is a model of the boundary layer which forms on a yawed cylinder and can be used as a useful approximation to the air flow over swept wings during heavy rainfall. We show that the interface between the water and air layers can significantly destabilize the flow, leading to traveling wave disturbances which move along the attachment line. This instability occurs for lower Reynolds numbers than in the case of the absence of a water layer. We also investigate the instability of inviscid stationary modes. We calculate the effective wavenumber and orientation of the stationary disturbance when the fluids have identical physical properties. Using perturbation methods we obtain corrections due to a small stratification in viscosity, thus quantifying the interfacial effects. Our analytical results are in agreement with the numerical solution which we obtain for arbitrary fluid properties.

Coward, Adrian↗

Consistency Between Tropical Divergent Circulations from Reanalysis Data Sets and Satellite-Derived Precipitation, Radiation, and Surface Fluxes

Large-scale divergent circulations are part of the atmospheric dynamic response to diabatic heating from condensation, radiative processes, and surface heat fluxes. Vertical motion and the associated divergent wind is thus intimately tied to the hydrologic cycle and the global heat balance. Vertical motions are recovered diagnostically from reanalyses and, as such, are subject to shortcommings in model physics, numerics, and data availability. We use several Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Earth Observation System (EOS) data sets derived from satellite data to assess interannual divergent flow anomalies in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), and GSFC Data Assimilation Office (DAO) analyses. Among the data sets are monthly, 2.5 degree gridded precipitation (Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I-based)), Top or the atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes from ERBS, surface radiative fluxes from the SRB project, and surface latent and sensible flux estimates from SSM/I. These data sets can be considered as independent of the reanalysis fields. We focus largely on the period 1987-1989 encompassing a strong El Nino / la Nina couplet. Consequently we emphasize interannual changes as well as climatological aspects of the reanalyses. In the processes of this study we use simple integral constraints enforced through the satellite-derived data sets to derive corrections to the divergent circulation produced from the reanalyses. We examine the implications of these corrections in describing how perturbations to the tropical heat balance evolve during a warm / cool couplet. In particular the perturbations to the planetary scale water vapor transport, and the resulting changes in TOA and surface radiative fluxes are considered.

Robertson, Franklin R.↗

Consistency Between Divergent Circulations from Reanalysis Data Sets and Satellite-Derived Precipitation, Radiation, and Surface Fluxes

Large-scale divergent circulations are part of the atmospheric dynamic response to diabatic heating from condensation, radiative processes, and surface heat fluxes. Vertical motion and the associated divergent wind is thus intimately tied to the hydrologic cycle and the global heat balance. Despite its importance, the divergent circulation is too small in comparison to the rotational flow to measure directly with any accuracy. Vertical motions are recovered diagnostically from reanalyses and, as such, are subject to shortcomings in model physics, numerics, and data availability. We use several GEWEX pre-EOS data sets derived from satellite data to assess interannual divergent flow anomalies in the NCEP, GSFC, and GSFC DAO analyse. Among the data sets are monthly, 2.5 degree gridded precipitation (MSU and SSM/I-based), TOA radiative fluxes from ERBS, surface radiative fluxes from the SRB project, and surface latent and sensible flux estimates from SSM/I. Most of these data sets can be considered as independent of the reanalysis fields. We focus largely on the period 1987-1989 encompassing a strong El Nino / la Nina couplet. Consequently we emphasize interannual changes rather than climatological aspects of the reanalyses. In the processes of this study we use simple integral constraints enforced through the satellite-derived data sets to derive corrections to the divergent circulation produced from the reanalyses. We examine the implications of these corrections in describing how perturbations to the tropical heat balance evolve during a warm / cool couplet. In particular the perturbations to the planetary scale water vapor transport, and the resulting changes in TOA and surface radiative fluxes are considered.

Robertson, Franklin R.↗

Determination of Functional Capabilities, the Level of Physical Performance and the State of Main Physiological Body Systems in the First Hours after the Accomplishment of Long-term Space Flights ("Field Test")

Long-term stay in weightlessness is accompanied by alterations in the activity of main physiological body systems including sensory-motor, skeletal-muscular disturbances and cardiovascular deconditioning. However, up to now, there are no data on the state and level of functional performance of cosmonauts/astronauts directly after flight, nor are there data to help define the dynamic recovery of functional characteristics and work efficiency which are greatly needed to provide the safety and planning of their activity once they reach space objects. The Russian and American scientists are currently engaged in a joint experiment known as the "Field Test" with the goal of studying the functional performance and the state of main physiological body systems directly after landing and their temporal recovery dynamics. The functional performance is identified during the test by temporal characteristics of the movements of spatial translation, the stability of the vertical stance for 3.5 min, and the kinematic characteristics of walking - non-complicated and complicated. The following characteristics are identified as physiological characteristics of the test: a) orthostatic tolerance during stand test, b) back muscle tone; c) vertical stability - by characteristics of the correction responses to unexpected perturbations of the vertical stance, and d) support reactions during the performance of the full battery of tests. To date, a pilot version of the "Field Test" has been conducted with participation from four Russian cosmonauts. The results of studies have shown that in 1 - 5 hours after landing the functional abilities of the cosmonauts are considerably reduced. All the test movements at this time are considerably slower than preflight and the more complicated the task is, the greater significant reduction in orthostatic tolerance: during the first test that occurs 1 - 5 hours after landing. two of four cosmonauts declined to continue the task after the orthostatic test (one of them did not wear the anti-G suit "Centaurus" during testing). Blood pressure during moving out of prone posture to vertical stance in one of the cosmonauts and of sitting to standing position in the other dropped to the precollapse level. The results of the studies have confirmed the feasibility, the usefulness and the safety of conducting tests as close as possible to the landing. The program of "Field Test" experiment will be continued and extended.

Kozlovskaya, Inesa↗

Precision e + e − hemisphere masses in the dijet region with power corrections

We derive high-precision results for the e + e − heavy jet mass (HJM) dσ/dρ and dihemisphere mass (DHM) d 2 σ/(ds 1 ds 2 ) distributions, for s 1 ~ s 2 , in the dijet region. New results include: i) the N 3 LL resummation for HJM of large logarithms ln n (ρ) at small ρ including the exact two-loop non-global hemisphere soft function, the 4-loop cusp anomalous dimension and the 3-loop hard and jet functions, ii) N 3 LL results for DHM with resummation of logarithms ln(s 1,2 /Q 2 ) when there is no large separation between s 1 and s 2 , iii) profile functions for HJM to give results simultaneously valid in the peak and tail regions, iv) a complete two-dimensional basis of non-perturbative functions which can be used for double differential observables, that are needed for both HJM and DHM in the peak region, and v) an implementation of renormalon subtractions for large-angle soft radiation to $\mathcal{O}$ (α$^{3}_{s}$) together with a resummation of the additional large ln(Qρ/Λ QCD ) logarithms. Here Q is the e + e − center-of-mass energy. Our resummation results are combined with known fixed-order $\mathcal{O}$ (α$^{3}_{s}$) results and we discuss the convergence and remaining perturbative uncertainty in the cross section. We also prove that, at order 1/Q, the first moment of the HJM distribution involves an additional non-perturbative parameter compared to the power correction that shifts the tail of the spectrum (where 1 ≫ ρ ≫ Λ QCD /Q). This differs from thrust where a single non-perturbative parameter at order 1/Q describes both the first moment and the tail, and it disfavors models of power corrections employing a single non-perturbative parameter, such as the low-scale effective coupling model. In this paper we focus only on the dijet region, not the far-tail distribution for ρ ≳ 0.2 beyond which the trijet factorization and resummation become important.

Factorization↗

Superfluid weight of strongly inhomogeneous superconductors

In this study, we obtain the superfluid weight of strongly inhomogeneous superconductors. We find that, in general, the response of the superconductor’s pairing potential to the perturbing vector potential is essential to obtain the correct value of the superfluid weight. We consider two exemplary cases: the case when strong inhomogeneities in the pairing potential are induced by a periodic potential, and the case when superconducting vortices are induced by an external magnetic field. For both cases we show that the correction to the superfluid weight due to the response of the paring potential to the perturbing vector potential can be significant, it must be included to obtain quantitatively correct results, and that for the case when vortices are present the expression of the superfluid weight that does not include such correction returns qualitatively wrong results. The results are directly relevant for superconducting states in moiré multilayer where the almost inevitable spatial variations of the magic angle and the proximity of superconductivity to anisotropic phases induce inhomogeneities in the pairing potential, and to the efforts to optimally pin superconducting vortices to achieve large superconducting critical currents.

Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations↗

Verification of the PERSENT Software

Ongoing commercial design activities require a thorough verification of the Argonne Reactor Computation codes be performed. DIF3D is central to this system and substantial work has been done to verify its accuracy on several identified commercial needs. This manuscript details the verification work done on PERSENT which relies upon the DIF3D code for its forward and adjoint flux solution. Previous work identified the PERSENT features required to be verified to support commercial design activities, features of which are generally applicable to hexagonal-Z fast reactor designs. The scope of this verification effort includes verifying PERSENT’s ability to correctly calculate four key quantities: perturbation worth distributions, kinetics parameters, sensitivity coefficients, and cross section uncertainty quantification. This manuscript provides the verification tasks and their results with respect to these quantities needed for commercial design activities. For the perturbation worth distributions, hand calculations are deployed to verify the PERSENT calculated results. Similarly, hand calculation of the PERSENT computed kinetics parameters is also used to verify the PERSENT results. In both of these, the input to PERSENT is manipulated to ensure the hand calculation exactly matches the equations PERSENT is calculating. The sensitivity coefficients involve calculating the derivatives of a parameter (such as reactivity worth), with respect to the cross section data. Direct finite difference calculations with DIF3D are used to verify the PERSENT calculated results. For the uncertainty quantification, manufactured input to PERSENT is used to allow an exact hand calculation to reproduce the PERSENT calculated results. The work detailed in this report verified that significant issues were identified for earlier versions of PERSENT for sensitivity coefficients which were corrected in this work and thus version 12.1.0 of PERSENT must be used to reproduce all of the verified work in this report.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

Twisted holography on AdS$_3 \times S^3 \times$ K3 & the planar chiral algebra

In this work, we revisit and elaborate on twisted holography for AdS _3 × S^3 × X 3 × S 3 × X with X= T^4 X = T 4 , K3, with a particular focus on K3. We describe the twist of supergravity, identify the corresponding (generalization of) BCOV theory, and enumerate twisted supergravity states. We use this knowledge, and the technique of Koszul duality, to obtain the N → ∞ N → ∞ , or planar, limit of the chiral algebra of the dual CFT. The resulting symmetries are strong enough to fix planar 2 and 3-point functions in the twisted theory or, equivalently, in a 1/4-BPS subsector of the original duality. This technique can in principle be used to compute corrections to the chiral algebra perturbatively in 1/N 1 / N .

Fernández, Víctor E.↗

Universal variables.

Universal variable parameters and formulas used for two-body problem, differential correction and various orbits and perturbations

ORBIT CALCULATION↗

Sharpening stellar images

A prototype telescope system with six movable elements has been used with sharpness detection procedures to observe objects as dim as fifth magnitude. The real-time image sharpening technique does not rely on the use of a reference star. By correcting for atmospherically induced phase perturbations, the sharpening system has permitted restoration of stellar images to the diffraction limit (in one dimension) for a 30-cm telescope. Application of the system to the separation of double stars is reported.

Buffington, A.↗