Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Operating systems”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Coordinated microgrid investment and planning process considering the system operator

Nowadays, a significant number of distribution systems are facing problems to accommodate more photovoltaic (PV) capacity, namely due to the overvoltages during the daylight periods. This has an impact on the private investments in distributed energy resources (DER), since it occurs exactly when the PV prices are becoming attractive, and the opportunity to an energy transition based on solar technologies is being wasted. In particular, this limitation of the networks is a barrier for larger consumers, such as commercial and public buildings, aiming at investing in PV capacity and start operating as microgrids connected to the MV network. To address this challenge, this paper presents a coordinated approach to the microgrid investment and planning problem, where the system operator and the microgrid owner collaborate to improve the voltage control capabilities of the distribution network, increasing the PV potential. The results prove that this collaboration has the benefit of increasing the value of the microgrid investments while improving the quality of service of the system and it should be considered in the future regulatory framework.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Software defined networking multiple operating system rotational environment

Systems, methods, and storage media for utilizing software defined networking for a multiple operating system rotational environment, executing on a computing device are disclosed. Some implementations may: receive a request from a user device; modify a packet of the request with a destination address and a port of a first server; forward the modified packet of the request to a controller server; receive a flow modification from the controller server based on the modified packet; and modify further received packets from the user device based on the received flow modification.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2013

Control of an External Microcontroller using the Android Operating System

There is a critical need for rugged and portable control systems for field-deployable sensors. Since the Android is an open-source operating system, a smartphone can potentially be modified to serve as a communications device to interface with a controller and many types of experiments/sensors in the field. The communications can be wireless or via USB cables. Through this project, we have demonstrated two-way communication and control of an external Arduino microcontroller, as well as real time data acquisition, through an easy to operate GUI on an Android OS phone operating through Bluetooth wireless communication.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Chance-Constrained Day-Ahead Hourly Scheduling in Distribution System Operation

This paper aims to propose a two-step approach for day-ahead hourly scheduling in a distribution system operation, which contains two operation costs, the operation cost at substation level and feeder level. In the first step, the objective is to minimize the electric power purchase from the day-ahead market with the stochastic optimization. The historical data of day-ahead hourly electric power consumption is used to provide the forecast results with the forecasting error, which is presented by a chance constraint and formulated into a deterministic form by Gaussian mixture model (GMM). In the second step, the objective is to minimize the system loss. Considering the nonconvexity of the three-phase balanced AC optimal power flow problem in distribution systems, the second-order cone program (SOCP) is used to relax the problem. Then, a distributed optimization approach is built based on the alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM). The results shows that the validity and effectiveness method.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Impact of Hydrological Data on Power System Operational Studies: Preprint

Hydropower is expected to play an important role in maintaining grid reliability and flexibility as the share of of variable renewable energy increases. While the current hydropower operational models have been studied and used widely, they haven't been updated for decades to meet new performance standards. For example, current steady state and dynamic models often neglect hydrological conditions, which may lead to unrealistic expectations when relying on hydropower for energy and ancillary services. To study this impact, a multi-timescale hydrological model was created by leveraging the National Renewable Energy Laboratory-developed Multi-timescale Integrated Dynamics and Scheduling (MIDAS) tool. Using MIDAS, we compare the impact of considering hydrological conditions in a day-ahead unit commitment (DAUC) schedule on the reduced 240-bus Western Interconnect (WI) test system under winter and summer case studies. We show that neglecting current hydrological conditions of hydropower plants in power system models can lead to an overestimation of hydropower capabilities, which could lead to power balancing issues. For example, power system DAUC simulation results of our reduced test system show that in the case where hydrological conditions are not considered in the model, an approximate 31% overestimation of hydropower capabilities occurs in the summer case and approximately 60% occurs in the winter case compared to what is available. Additionally, results show an underestimation of WI day-ahead power system generation costs by approximately $54M - $80M in the weekly summer scenario and $116M - $126M in the weekly winter scenario. This analysis helps to underscore the importance of considering hydrological data in power system operational studies.

ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY,HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Opportunities for wave energy in bulk power system operations

Wave energy resources have high, yet largely untapped potential as candidate generation technology. In this paper, we perform a data-driven analysis to characterize the impact of wave energy integration on bulk-scale power systems and market operations. Through data-driven sensitivity studies centered on an optimization-based production cost modeling formulation, our work characterizes the inflection point beyond which wave integration starts impacting power system operations, considering present day transmission infrastructure. Furthermore, our analysis also considers the joint effects of wave energy integration and system-wide transmission expansion. Finally, potential resilience scenarios such as wildfire-driven transmission contingencies and heat wave events are investigated, whereby the contributions of grid-integrated wave energy in alleviating the effects of the resilience events are analyzed. As our demonstration test bed, we consider a reduced-order network topology for the U.S. Western Interconnection with wave energy generation integrated at carefully selected sites across the coastal areas of Washington, Oregon, and northern California. Our results indicate that over a representative year of operations, wave energy integration systematically reduces locational marginal prices (LMPs) of energy and price volatility, especially during periods of high wave resource availability (winter months for the U.S. west coast). Average, maximum, and minimum of hourly LMPs over a typical year of operation was reduced by 2.95, 51.28, and 1.13 $\$$/MWh respectively (over a baseline scenario with no wave energy integration), when the selected network model had a total of 5000 MW wave power installed capacity during the representative year of study. The effects of wave energy integration can remain localized with existing transmission infrastructure (identified to be most pronounced in the Pacific Northwest region in the example we studied). However, with concurrent transmission expansion, the impacts of wave energy integration are likely to have a higher geographical spread. Our results also indicate that wave energy may be able to assist power system operations during resilience events such as major transmission contingencies and heat wave events, although such benefits might be dependent on factors such as proximity of affected area to wave resources, availability of adequate resource potential and adequate transmission capacity.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2026

From Vehicles to Systems: Understanding Freight Transportation as a Connected Energy, Infrastructure, and Operations System

The U.S. freight system may need to handle 50% more cargo by 2050. Upgrading our freight system requires modernizing capital-intensive, long-lived assets including freight trains, ports, and terminal infrastructure. NLR is advancing freight system solutions spanning ALTRIOS, the first digital twin for the full freight rail system; ALTRIOS-LIFTS, which can create digital twins of freight terminals; INFORMES, the first national model of the intermodal freight system; MARINESim, used to simulate and optimize ocean-going vessel operations; and more. These modeling and simulation tools enable data-driven decision-making across freight modes and systems.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Integration of Utility Distributed Energy Resource Management System and Aggregators for Evolving Distribution System Operators

With the rapid integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), distribution utilities are faced with new and unprecedented issues. New challenges introduced by high penetration of DERs range from poor observability to overload and reverse power flow problems, under-over-voltages, maloperation of legacy protection systems, and requirements for new planning procedures. Distribution utility personnel are not adequately trained, and legacy control centers are not properly equipped to cope with these issues. Fortunately, distribution energy resource management systems (DERMSs) are emerging software technologies aimed to provide distribution system operators (DSOs) with a specialized set of tools to enable them to overcome the issues caused by DERs and to maximize the benefits of the presence of high penetration of these novel resources. However, as DERMS technology is still emerging, its definition is vague and can refer to very different levels of software hierarchies, spanning from decentralized virtual power plants to DER aggregators and fully centralized enterprise systems (called utility DERMS). Although they are all frequently simply called DERMS, these software technologies have different sets of tools and aim to provide different services to different stakeholders. This paper explores how these different software technologies can complement each other, and how they can provide significant benefits to DSOs in enabling them to successfully manage evolving distribution networks with high penetration of DERs when they are integrated together into the control centers of distribution utilities.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

Game-Theoretic Approach for Electricity Pricing Between Distribution System Operator and Load Aggregators

Transactive energy has emerged and gained more and more attention in recent years along with smart grid two-way communication technologies. Electricity pricing strategies play a critical role in influencing and shaping the customers’ energy load profile. In this paper, we investigate the electricity pricing strategy between a distribution system operator (DSO) and load aggregators (LAs) by adopting a bi-level Stackelberg game approach. With the purpose of maximizing its own operating revenue as well as better serving its customers, the upper level DSO will determine the price considering how lower level LAs will respond to it. Peak-to-average ratio of the total demand is modeled as a constraint and peak load is penalized at the upper optimization level. Classical backward induction is used to obtain a Nash equilibrium for the formulated bi-level Stackelberg game. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed game approach in leveraging flexible demand potential to benefit both DSO and LAs.

Chen, Yang↗
DOE OSTI2014

Fault Survivability of Lightweight Operating Systems for exascale

Concern is growing in the High-Performance Computing community regarding the reliability of proposed exascale systems. Current research has shown that the expected reliability of these machines will greatly reduce their scalability. In constrast to current fault tolerance methods whose reliability focus is only the application, this project investigates the benefits integrating reliability mechcanisms in the operating system and runtime, as well as the appli- cation. More specifically, this project has three broad contributions in the field: First, using failure logs from current leadership-class high-performance computing systems, we outline the failures common on these large-scale systems. Second, we describe a novel memory pro- tection mechcanism capable of protecting common observed failures that uses the similarity inherrant in many OS and applications state, thereby reducing overheads. Finally, using an analogy with OS jitter, we develop a highly effecient simulator capable predicting the performance of resilience methods at the scales expected for future extreme-scale systems.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2013

Investigating Operating System Noise in Extreme-Scale High-Performance Computing Systems using Simulation

Hardware/software co-design for future-generation high-performance computing (HPC) systems aims at closing the gap between the peak capabilities of the hardware and the performance realized by applications (application-architecture performance gap). Performance profiling of architectures and applications is a crucial part of this iterative process. The work in this paper focuses on operating system (OS) noise as an additional factor to be considered for co-design. It represents the first step in including OS noise in HPC hardware/software co-design by adding a noise injection feature to an existing simulation-based co-design toolkit. It reuses an existing abstraction for OS noise with frequency (periodic recurrence) and period (duration of each occurrence) to enhance the processor model of the Extreme-scale Simulator (xSim) with synchronized and random OS noise simulation. The results demonstrate this capability by evaluating the impact of OS noise on MPI_Bcast() and MPI_Reduce() in a simulated future-generation HPC system with 2,097,152 compute nodes.

Engelmann, Christian↗
DOE OSTI2016

Future Opportunities and Challenges with Using Demand Response as a Resource in Distribution System Operation and Planning Activities

This scoping study focuses on identifying the ability for current and future demand response opportunities to contribute to distribution system management. To do so, this scoping study will identify the needs of a distribution system to operate efficiently, safely and reliably; summarize both benefits and challenges for the operation of the distribution system with high penetration levels of distributed energy resources; define a suite of services based on those changing operational needs that could be provided by resources; identify existing demand response opportunities sponsored by distribution utilities and/or aggregators of retail customers; assess the extent to which distribution system services can be provided via DR opportunities both in their current form and with alterations to their design; and provide a qualitative assessment of coordination issues that bulk power and distribution system providers of DR opportunities will need to address.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2012

Lessons from Iowa: Development of a 270 Megawatt Compressed Air Energy Storage Project in Midwest Independent System Operator

The Iowa Stored Energy Park was an innovative, 270 Megawatt, $400 million compressed air energy storage (CAES) project proposed for in-service near Des Moines, Iowa, in 2015. After eight years in development the project was terminated because of site geological limitations. However, much was learned in the development process regarding what it takes to do a utility-scale, bulk energy storage facility and coordinate it with regional renewable wind energy resources in an Independent System Operator (ISO) marketplace. Lessons include the costs and long-term economics of a CAES facility compared to conventional natural gas-fired generation alternatives; market, legislative, and contract issues related to enabling energy storage in an ISO market; the importance of due diligence in project management; and community relations and marketing for siting of large energy projects. Although many of the lessons relate to CAES applications in particular, most of the lessons learned are independent of site location or geology, or even the particular energy storage technology involved.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Open Building Operating System: An Open-Source Grid Responsive Control Platform for Buildings

Grid-interactive efficient buildings (GEBs) with flexible loads are a promising method to decarbonize buildings, shift loads during peak hours, and lower energy use and electricity costs. Despite the promising benefits of GEBs, automation systems that manage flexible loads in response to energy prices or other grid signals are still uncommon in small and medium commercial buildings. Recent literature demonstrates such control solutions, but they often rely on custom integrations lacking the tools and drivers needed for scalability. To address these gaps, our team has created a fully open-source software stack capable of integrating heterogeneous flexible building loads and implementing integrated portable control applications called the Open Building Operating System (OpenBOS). The software can be deployed over existing control architecture with a small capital cost. OpenBOS leverages semantic models, which have been the subject of recent investigations to facilitate application portability. The use of semantic data reduces the labor and expense required to deploy and update smart control applications, increasing scalability. In this paper, the semantic modeling schema "Brick" was used, but the proposed approach can also be applied to ASHRAE standard 223P, when released. This paper describes the methodology and software components of OpenBOS and demonstrates its functionality with a rule-based demand flexibility control application configured using a semantic model. This application was tested at a real building in NY that uses a dual-fuel heating system made up of five ductless heat pump mini-splits and a central furnace serving a single zone. The demonstration reduced electricity costs at the site by 27%, demand during a shed event by 49%, and furnace usage by 35%.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Cryogenic control system operational experience at SNS

Abstract The helium cryogenic system at Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) provides cooling to 81 superconducting radio frequency cavities. To support the operation of the cryogenic facility, a highly reliable control system consisting of software, hardware, and Human Machine Interface (HMI) has been developed and improved during the first fifteen years of operation. Integrating the cryogenic control system with other subsystems of the SNS complex is an important aspect to the success of the operation. The operating experience, lessons learned and recommendations to consider for future facilities will be detailed in this paper.

Howell, M. (ORCID:0000000310360707)↗
DOE OSTI2018

Generalized Jacobi method for linear bounded operators system

In this paper, we construct a generalization of the Jacobi iterative method adapted to a system of linear bounded operators. This new method is used with product integration method to solve a linear Fredholm integral equation of the second kind with a weakly singular kernel. The convergence analysis is proved. The numerical tests developed show its effectiveness.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Analysis of the Effects of a Flexible Ramping Ancillary Service Product on Power System Operations: Preprint

The recent increased interest in utilizing variable generation (VG) resources such as wind and solar in power systems has motivated investigations into new operating procedures. Although these resources provide desirable value to a system (e.g., no fuel costs or emissions), interconnecting them provides unique challenges. Their variable, non-controllable nature in particular requires significant attention, because it directly results in increased power system variability and uncertainty. One way to handle this is via new operating reserve schemes. Operating reserves provide upward and downward generation and ramping capacity to counteract uncertainty and variability prior to their realization. For instance, uncertainty and variability in real-time dispatch can be accounted for in the hour-ahead unit commitment. New operating reserve methodologies that specifically account for the increased variability and uncertainty caused by VG are currently being investigated and developed by academia and industry. This paper examines one method inspired by the new operating reserve product being proposed by the California Independent System Operator. The method is based on examining the potential ramping requirements at any given time and enforcing those requirements via a reserve demand curve in the market-clearing optimization as an additional ancillary service product.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗