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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

A system for mapping sources of VHF and electric field pulses from in-cloud lightning at KSC

The literature concerning VHF radiation and wideband electric fields from in-cloud lightning is reviewed. VHF location systems give impressive radio images of lightning in clouds with high spatial and temporal resolution. Using systems based on long and short baseline time-or-arrival and interferometry, workers have detected VHF sources that move at speeds of 10(exp 5) to 10(exp 8) m/s. The more slowly moving sources appear to be associated with channel formation but the physical basis for the higher speeds is not clear. In contrast, wideband electric fields are directly related to physical parameters such as current and tortuosity. A long baseline system is described to measure simultaneously VHF radiation and wideband electric fields at five stations at Kennedy Space Center. All signals are detected over remote, isolated ground planes with fiber optics for data transmission. The modification of this system to map rapidly varying dE/dt pulses is discussed.

Thomson, Ewen M.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Satellite Power System (SPS) mapping of exclusion areas for rectenna sites

The areas of the United States that were not available as potential sites for receiving antennas that are an integral part of the Satellite Power System concept are presented. Thirty-six variables with the potential to exclude the rectenna were mapped and coded in a computer. Some of these variables exclude a rectenna from locating within the area of its spatial influence, and other variables potentially exclude the rectenna. These maps of variables were assembled from existing data and were mapped on a grid system.

Blackburn, J. B., Jr.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Mobile LiDAR as a Tool for Terrestrial and Planetary Cave Exploration and Mapping

KNaCK (Kinematic Navigation and Cartography Knapsack) is a backpack-mounted mobile mapping system. It can map its surroundings in 3 dimensions and localize itself in space using a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor and SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithm. The KNaCK team is leveraging caves as a proving ground to refine technology for mapping and navigation on other worlds while simultaneously advancing the State of the Art for terrestrial cave exploration and study.

LiDAR↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Caves as Planetary Analogs for GPS Denied, Low-Light Mapping and Navigation in Rugged Environments

KNaCK (Kinematic Navigation and Cartography Knapsack) is a backpack-mounted mobile mapping system. It can map its surroundings in 3 dimensions and localize itself in space using a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor and SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithm. The KNaCK team is leveraging caves as a proving ground to refine technology for mapping and navigation on other worlds while simultaneously advancing the State of the Art for terrestrial cave exploration and study.

LiDAR↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Caves as Planetary Analogs for GPS Denied, Low-Light Mapping and Navigation in Rugged Environments

KNaCK (Kinematic Navigation and Cartography Knapsack) is a backpack-mounted mobile mapping system. It can map its surroundings in 3 dimensions and localize itself in space using a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor and SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithm. The KNaCK team is leveraging caves as a proving ground to refine technology for mapping and navigation on other worlds while simultaneously advancing the State of the Art for terrestrial cave exploration and study.

Relevant environment testing↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Caves as Planetary Analogs for GPS Denied, Low-Light Mapping and Navigation in Rugged Environments. Lightning Talk. LSIC 2023 Fall Meeting.

KNaCK (Kinematic Navigation and Cartography Knapsack) is a backpack-mounted mobile mapping system. It can map its surroundings in 3 dimensions and localize itself in space using a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor and SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithm. The KNaCK team is leveraging caves as a proving ground to refine technology for mapping and navigation on other worlds while simultaneously advancing the State of the Art for terrestrial cave exploration and study.

Relevant environment testing↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Caves as Planetary Analogs for GPS Denied, Low-Light Mapping and Navigation in Rugged Environments

KNaCK (Kinematic Navigation and Cartography Knapsack) is a backpack-mounted mobile mapping system. It can map its surroundings in 3 dimensions and localize itself in space using a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensor and SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithm. The KNaCK team is leveraging caves as a proving ground to refine technology for mapping and navigation on other worlds while simultaneously advancing the State of the Art for terrestrial cave exploration and study.

LiDAR↗
NASA NTRS1998

Ultra-Wideband UHF Microstrip Array for GeoSAR Application

GeoSAR is a program sponsored by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) and NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) to develop an airborne, radar- based, commercial terrain mapping system for identification of geologic, seismic, and environmental information, it has two (dual-band at X and UHF) state-of-the-art interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ground mapping systems. The UHF interferometric system is utilized to penetrate the vegetation canopy and obtain true ground surface height information, while the Xband system will provide capability of mapping the top foliage surface. This paper presents the UHF antenna system where the required center frequency is 350 MHz with a 160 MHz of bandwidth (46% from 270 MHz to 430 MHz). The antenna is required to have dual-linear polarization with a peak gain of 10 dB at the center frequency and a minimum gain of 8 dB toward two ends of the frequency band. One of the most challenging tasks, in addition to achieving the 46% bandwidth, is to develop an antenna with small enough size to fit in the wing-tip pod of a Gulfstream II aircraft.

Thomas, Robert F.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Automated Wildfire Detection Through Artificial Neural Networks

Wildfires have a profound impact upon the biosphere and our society in general. They cause loss of life, destruction of personal property and natural resources and alter the chemistry of the atmosphere. In response to the concern over the consequences of wildland fire and to support the fire management community, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS) located in Camp Springs, Maryland gradually developed an operational system to routinely monitor wildland fire by satellite observations. The Hazard Mapping System, as it is known today, allows a team of trained fire analysts to examine and integrate, on a daily basis, remote sensing data from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensors and generate a 24 hour fire product for the conterminous United States. Although assisted by automated fire detection algorithms, N O M has not been able to eliminate the human element from their fire detection procedures. As a consequence, the manually intensive effort has prevented NOAA from transitioning to a global fire product as urged particularly by climate modelers. NASA at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland is helping N O M more fully automate the Hazard Mapping System by training neural networks to mimic the decision-making process of the frre analyst team as well as the automated algorithms.

Miller, Jerry↗
DOE OSTI2024

Investigation of hot-spots due to trapped flux in niobium superconducting radiofrequency cavities

One of the significant sources of residual losses in superconducting radio-frequency cavities is magnetic flux trapped during the cool-down due to the incomplete Messier effect. If the trapped vortices are non-uniformly distributed on the cavity surface, the temperature mapping revealed the “hotspots” at the location of high density of pinned vortices. Here, we performed a rf test on 1.3 GHz single cell cavity with the combination of the temperature mapping system. The temperature mapping reveled the development of the hot spots with the increase in rf field inside the cavity. When magnetic field is trapped locally on the surface of cavity, the hot-spots strength increase rapidly, showing the direct correlation of vortex induced hot spot and corresponding rf loss.

Accelerator Physics↗
NASA NTRS2001

Lightning Detection in a Flash

In a joint project with NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Global Atmospherics, Inc. (GAI), participated in the upgrade and commercialization of the Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) System. Under a Space Act Agreement, GAI and Kennedy agreed to the joint development of a new LDAR system that meets the needs of both NASA and private industry. The resulting development was a volumetric lightning mapping system. NASA operates a three- dimensional LDAR system capable of determining the exact location and altitude of in-cloud and cloud-to-cloud lightning. Under the Space Act Agreement, GAI contributed its wealth of experience and resources to update and improve the current lightning mapping system used by NASA. Previously, commercial systems were only capable of locating cloud-to-ground lightning. The resulting innovations allowed GAI to position the LDAR system for commercial applications. The upgraded product has the ability to measure in-cloud and cloud-to-cloud lightning. Notable improvements have also been made in the system's location accuracy and signal detection. The new product, known as LDAR II, is targeted for use by utility providers, aviation companies, airports, and commercial space vehicle launch facilities. Presently, forecasting services, research facilities, and a utility company are using the system.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1991

Dynamic edge warping - An experimental system for recovering disparity maps in weakly constrained systems

Dynamic edge warping (DEW), a technique for recovering reasonably accurate disparity maps from uncalibrated stereo image pairs, is presented. No precise knowledge of the epipolar camera geometry is assumed. The technique is embedded in a system including structural stereopsis on the front end and robust estimation in digital photogrammetry on the other for the purpose of self-calibrating stereo image pairs. Once the relative camera orientation is known, the epipolar geometry is computed and the system can use this information to refine its representation of the object space. Such a system will find application in the autonomous extraction of terrain maps from stereo aerial photographs, for which camera position and orientation are unknown a priori, and for online autonomous calibration maintenance for robotic vision applications, in which the cameras are subject to vibration and other physical disturbances after calibration. This work thus forms a component of an intelligent system that begins with a pair of images and, having only vague knowledge of the conditions under which they were acquired, produces an accurate, dense, relative depth map. The resulting disparity map can also be used directly in some high-level applications involving qualitative scene analysis, spatial reasoning, and perceptual organization of the object space. The system as a whole substitutes high-level information and constraints for precise geometric knowledge in driving and constraining the early correspondence process.

Boyer, K. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Cartographic mapping study

The errors associated with planimetric mapping of the United States using satellite remote sensing techniques are analyzed. Assumptions concerning the state of the art achievable for satellite mapping systems and platforms in the 1995 time frame are made. An analysis of these performance parameters is made using an interactive cartographic satellite computer model, after first validating the model using LANDSAT 1 through 3 performance parameters. An investigation of current large scale (1:24,000) US National mapping techniques is made. Using the results of this investigation, and current national mapping accuracy standards, the 1995 satellite mapping system is evaluated for its ability to meet US mapping standards for planimetric and topographic mapping at scales of 1:24,000 and smaller.

Wilson, C.↗
NASA NTRS1982

An automated mapping satellite system (MAPSAT)

Digital data from highly stabilized stereo linear arrays are amenable to simplified processing to produce both planimetric imagery and elevation data. A satellite, called MAPSAT, including this concept was proposed to accomplish automated mapping in near real time. Image maps as large as 1:50,000 scale with contours as close as 20-m interval may be produced from MAPSAT data.

Colvocoresses, A. P.↗
NASA NTRS1986

MAPM: A coherent dual CO2 laser DIAL system

The Mobile Atmospheric Pollutant Mapping System (MAPM) is a dual CO2 laser DIAL system with heterodyne detection that is being developed for large distance range resolved measurement of organic solvent vapors and aerosol clouds. The components have been chosen to allow measurements to be made to distances of 6 to 7 km in a period of 20 to 30 s. The major components of the system are listed. MAPM is being integrated into a system and will be tested with several organic solvent gases and vapors in a remotely positioned sample chamber and with a free release of ethylene. Experimental results and system performance are discussed.

Grant, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Software For Managing The Use Of Land

Mapping Analysis and Planning System (MAPS) is menu-driven interactive software system providing information to aid in land-use planning. Assists user in taking account of multiple requirements, including environmental regulations, affecting types and locations of facilities and structures. Adaptable to municipal, commercial, and industrial land-use planning.

Summerfield, Burton R.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Contribution of Lake-Effect Snow to the Catskill Mountains Snowpack

Meltwater from snow that falls in the Catskill Mountains in southern New York contributes to reservoirs that supply drinking water to approximately nine million people in New York City. Using the NOAA National Ice Centers Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) 4km snow maps, we have identified at least 32 lake-effect (LE) storms emanating from Lake Erie andor Lake Ontario that deposited snow in the CatskillDelaware Watershed in the Catskill Mountains of southern New York State between 2004 and 2017. This represents a large underestimate of the contribution of LE snow to the Catskills snowpack because many of the LE snowstorms are not visible in the IMS snow maps when they travel over snow-covered terrain. Most of the LE snowstorms that we identified originate from Lake Ontario but quite a few originate from both Erie and Ontario, and a few from Lake Erie alone. Using satellite, meteorological and reanalysis data we identify conditions that contributed to LE snowfall in the Catskills. Clear skies following some of the storms permitted measurement of the extent of snow cover in the watershed using multiple satellite sensors. IMS maps tend to overestimate the extent of snow compared to MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat-derived snow-cover extent maps. Using this combination of satellite and meteorological data, we can begin to quantify the important contribution of LE snow to the Catskills Mountain snowpack. Changes that are predicted in LE snowfall from the Great Lakes could impact the distribution of rain vs snow in the Catskills which may affect future reservoir operations in the NYC Water Supply System.

Lake Ontario↗