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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Competing Electronic Ground States in the Heavy-Fermion Superconductor CeRh 2 As 2

CeRh 2 ⁢As 2 is rare among superconductors, in that the magnetic field tunes it between two distinct superconducting phases. Combined with a lack of local inversion symmetry and an upper critical field exceeding the Pauli paramagnetic limit, this excitingly suggests triplet multicomponent superconductivity. Preceding the superconducting onset, 𝑓-electron correlations cause long-range order, attributed both to local antiferromagnetism and itinerant (quadrupole) density waves. A magnetic field provides a significant perturbation of the 𝑓 electrons and may reveal the nature of the many-body correlations. Therefore, we report comprehensive magnetization and magnetotransport studies on microstructured devices in fields of up to 73 T. Applied along the 𝑐 axis, the field causes a low-temperature change of majority (hole) carrier density at 𝜇 0⁢ 𝐻 ≈ 2⁢4 T. By contrast, in-plane fields produce a cascade of phase transitions; the field-induced in-plane conductivity anisotropy and lack of accompanying magnetic features, plus the closed-dome nature of the overall phase boundary is consistent with a hierarchy of field-induced density-wave states.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Lindblad many-body scars

Quantum many-body scars have received much recent attention for being both intriguing nonergodic states in otherwise quantum chaotic systems and promising candidates to encode quantum information efficiently. So far, these studies have mostly been restricted to Hermitian systems. Here, we study many-body scars in many-body quantum chaotic systems coupled to a Markovian bath, which we term Lindblad many-body scars. They are defined as simultaneous eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian and dissipative parts of the vectorized Liouvillian. Importantly, because their eigenvalues are purely real, they are not related to revivals. The number and nature of the scars depend on both the symmetry of the Hamiltonian and the choice of jump operators. For a dissipative four-body Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model with 𝑁 fermions, either Majorana or complex, we construct analytically some of these Lindblad scars while others could only be obtained numerically. As an example of the former, we identify 𝑁/2+1 scars for complex fermions due to the 𝑈⁡(1) symmetry of the model and two scars for Majorana fermions as a consequence of the parity symmetry. Similar results are obtained for a dissipative XXZ spin chain. We also characterize the physical properties of Lindblad scars. First, the operator size is independent of the disorder realization and has a vanishing variance. By contrast, the operator size for nonscarred states, believed to be quantum chaotic, is well described by a distribution centered around a specific size and a finite variance, which could be relevant for a precise definition of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in dissipative quantum chaos. Moreover, the entanglement entropy of these scars has distinct features such as a strong dependence on the partition choice and, in certain cases, a large entanglement.

Eigenstate thermalization↗
DOE OSTI2025

Visualizing the strong field–induced molecular breakup of C 60 via x-ray diffraction

Laser-driven dynamics in polyatomic molecules poses a complex many-body problem. Understanding intense light-matter interaction is crucial for steering intramolecular quantum dynamical processes. Here, we record time-resolved x-ray diffraction images of C 60 molecules during and after their interaction with intense near-infrared fields, giving direct access to structural changes of the molecules and their fragmentation in real time. Tuning the intensity of the excitation pulses, we uncover a transition from a weak-field regime of excited but stable molecules to a high-field regime dominated by Coulomb explosion. In the transition region, the molecules expand by up to 50% of their initial size within just 140 fs, with major fragmentation only setting in afterward. This work demonstrates that x-ray diffractive imaging is capable of retrieving time-resolved structural information of large molecules reshaped by intense laser fields. Laser-driven fragmentation is a first step toward observing molecular processes modified by laser fields of increasing intensity.

Schnorr, Kirsten [Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villi↗
DOE OSTI2026

Krylov winding and emergent coherence in operator growth dynamics

The operator wavefunction provides a fine-grained description of quantum chaos and of the irreversible growth of simple operators into increasingly complex ones. Remarkably, at finite temperature this wavefunction can acquire a phase that increases linearly with the operator’s size, a phenomenon called . Although size winding occurs naturally in a holographic setting, the emergence of a coherent phase in a scrambled operator remains mysterious from the standpoint of a thermalizing quantum many-body system. Here, in this article, we elucidate this phenomenon by introducing the related concept of , whereby the operator wavefunction acquires a phase which winds linearly with the Krylov index. We show that Krylov winding is a generic feature of quantum chaotic systems and is a direct consequence of the universal operator growth bound hypothesis. It gives rise to size winding under two additional conditions: (i) a low-rank mapping between the Krylov and size bases, which ensures phase alignment among operators of the same size, and (ii) the saturation of the "chaos-operator growth" bound 𝜆 𝐿 ≤ 2⁢𝛼 (with 𝜆 𝐿 the Lyapunov exponent and 𝛼 the growth rate), which ensures a linear phase dependence on size. For systems which do not saturate this bound, with ℎ = 𝜆 𝐿 /2⁢𝛼 < 1, the winding with Pauli size ℓ becomes superliner, behaving as ℓ 1/ℎ . We illustrate these results with two classes of microscopic models: the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model and its variants, and a disordered 𝑘-local spin model.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2026

Is the Matrix Completion of Reduced Density Matrices Unique?

Reduced density matrices are central to describing observables in many-body quantum systems. In electronic structure theory, the two-particle reduced density matrix (2-RDM) suffices to determine the energy and other key properties. Recent work has used matrix completion, leveraging the low-rank structure of RDMs and approximate theoretical models, to reconstruct the 2-RDM from partial data and thus reduce the computational cost. However, matrix completion is, in general, an under-determined problem. Revisiting Rosina’s theorem (Rosina, M. Queen’s Papers on Pure and Applied Mathematics , 1968, No. 11, 369), we here show that the matrix completion is unique under certain conditions, identifying the subset of 2-RDM elements that enables its exact reconstruction from incomplete information. Building on this, we introduce a hybrid quantum–stochastic algorithm that achieves exact matrix completion, demonstrated through applications to the Fermi–Hubbard model.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Extreme confinement of hydrogen gas within fullerenelike nanoporous carbon

Nanoporous carbons and carbon nanostructures can store hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures but lack the volumetric and gravimetric capacity to be industrially significant. Recent inelastic neutron scattering experiments suggest a highly dense phase of hydrogen at temperatures well above the melting point of solid hydrogen. However, it remains unclear how pore geometry and intermolecular interactions enable these dense phases to exist, with dispersion (van der Waals) or electrostatic/induction suggested to be the key effects in slit and curved pores but their relative contributions have yet to be quantified. In this paper, we perform benchmark electronic structure calculations allowing the interactions between planar and curved aromatic molecules with hydrogen to be accurately determined. Dispersion was found to dominate over electrostatic and inductive effects with some many-body charge transfer (Dobson type-A) effects needed to capture the most highly curved structures. Density functional methods that include type-A many-body effects were found to accurately describe the intermolecular interactions at a fraction of the cost of coupled-cluster simulations and these approaches were used to calculate the energies inside large carbon bowl and slit pores. The interaction energies inside the bowl pores were found to depend on the orientation of the hydrogen molecule. This rotational barrier, modeled as a quantum hindered rotor, could reproduce the peak splitting observed in inelastic neutron scattering experiments, with weak splitting arising from bowl-like fullerene pores and strong splitting from highly confining nanotubelike pores. Increasing the fraction of such curved pores in nanoporous carbons may therefore offer a pathway to enhance their hydrogen-storage capacity. Moreover, the preferential adsorption of ortho hydrogen on nanotubelike pores could enable the storage of high-density hydrogen without the need to remove heat produced during the ortho-para hydrogen conversion.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

A topological superconductor tuned by electronic correlations

A topological superconductor, characterized by either a chiral order parameter or a topological surface state in proximity to bulk superconductivity, is foundational to topological quantum computing. A key open challenge is whether electron-electron interactions can tune such topological superconducting phases. Here, we provide experimental signatures of a unique topological superconducting phase in competition with electronic correlations in 10-unit-cell thick FeTe x Se 1-x films grown on SrTiO 3 substrates. When the Te content x exceeds 0.7, we observe a topological transition marked by the emergence of a superconducting surface state. Near the FeTe limit, the system undergoes another transition where the surface state disappears, and superconductivity is suppressed. Theory suggests that electron-electron interactions in the odd-parity xy− band drives this second topological transition. The flattening and eventual decoherence of d xy -derived bands track the superconducting dome, linking correlation effects directly to superconducting coherent transport. Our work establishes many-body electronic correlations as a sensitive knob for tuning topology and superconductivity, offering a pathway to engineer new topological phases in correlated materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Constraining Hamiltonians from chiral effective field theory with neutron-star data

Multi-messenger observations of neutron stars (NSs) and their mergers have placed strong constraints on the dense-matter equation of state (EOS). The EOS, in turn, depends on microscopic nuclear interactions that are described by nuclear Hamiltonians. These Hamiltonians are commonly derived within chiral effective field theory (EFT). Ideally, multi-messenger observations of NSs could be used to directly inform our understanding of EFT interactions, but such a direct inference necessitates millions of model evaluations. This is computationally prohibitive because each evaluation requires us to calculate the EOS from a Hamiltonian by solving the quantum many-body problem with methods such as auxiliary-field diffusion Monte Carlo (AFDMC), which provides very accurate and precise solutions but at a significant computational cost. Additionally, we need to solve the stellar structure equations for each EOS which further slows down each model evaluation by a few seconds. In this work, we combine emulators for AFDMC calculations of neutron matter, built using parametric matrix models, and for the stellar structure equations, built using multilayer perceptron neural networks, with the PyCBC data-analysis framework to enable a direct inference of coupling constants in an EFT Hamiltonian using multi-messenger observations of NSs. We find that astrophysical data can provide informative constraints on two-nucleon couplings despite the high densities probed in NS interiors.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Many-Body Benchmark of Electronic Charge and Spin Densities for Li 1–x NiO 2

Accurate benchmarks are particularly important for highly correlated oxides as mean-field approximations often fail to describe the subtle balance of charge transfer and magnetism in these materials with an accuracy comparable to experimental needs. Here we present accurate diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) results of the electronic charge and spin densities for the tunable highly correlated oxide Li 1–x NiO 2 for x = 0, 1/2, and 1. To enable quantitative comparisons, we introduce a robust density-partitioning scheme, extending Voronoi analysis to assign atomic charges from spatially noisy DMC densities. We then benchmark common approximations used in density functional theory (DFT). Comparison against DMC shows that r 2 SCAN delivers the most balanced performance across charge, spin, and radial density descriptors, nearly reproducing DMC results for LiNiO 2 and apical Ni sites in Li 0.5 NiO 2 . Hybrid functionals (PBE0, SCAN0) perform unexpectedly poorly, and PBE + U + V yields inconsistent trends between charge and spin densities. Therefore, the r 2 SCAN functional minimizes errors relative to DMC while capturing the variable valence of the Ni ion and also retaining the computational efficiency of DFT for large-scale simulations of the tunable structural and electronic phases of Li1−xNiO2. Our study highlights the importance of accurate benchmarking of the fundamental quantities involved in DFT to select appropriate DFT approximations in order to advance the predictive modeling of charge-transfer-driven phenomena in correlated electron systems.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Ab initio calculation of atomic solid hydrogen phases based on Gutzwiller many-body wave functions

We apply two ab initio many-body methods based on Gutzwiller wave functions, i.e., correlation matrix renormalization theory (CMRT) and Gutzwiller conjugate gradient minimization (GCGM), to the study of crystalline phases of atomic hydrogen. Both methods avoid empirical Hubbard U parameters and are free from double-counting issues. CMRT employs a Gutzwiller-type approximation that enables efficient calculations, while GCGM goes beyond this approximation to achieve higher accuracy at higher computational cost. By benchmarking against available quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) results, we demonstrate that while both methods are more accurate than the widely used density-functional theory, GCGM systematically captures additional correlation energy missing in CMRT, leading to significantly improved total energy predictions. We also show that by including the correlation energy Ec from local density approximation in the CMRT calculation, CMRT + E c produces energy in better agreement with the QMC results in these hydrogen lattice systems.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2025

TaTi_BCC_SolidSolution_128atoms_VASP6

We performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations for body-centered-cubic (BCC) structures with 128 lattices sites of solid solution binary alloys tantalum-titanium (Ta-Ti). The electronic structures of alloys have been calculated using Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP). Within this package the DFT approach is used to reduce many-body Schrodinger equation to set of single particle Kohn-Sham (KS) equations. The generalized electronic exchange-correlation functional is described by generalized gradient approximation with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof parametrization. The electron-ion interactions is described by pseudopotentials developed within the plane-wave basis projector augmented-wave (PAW) approach. These pseudopotentials are available at the VASP portal (http://cms.mpi.univie.ac.at/vasp/). Our calculations have been run with the pseudopotentials treating s and p semi-core states as valence in case for the elements Hf and Nb. The electronic densities and potentials are expanded over plane-waves with energy cutoff of 350 eV. 2x2x2 k-mesh and normal precision were used. The alloys were modeled by supercell containing 128 randomly distributed atoms. At initial step the atoms occupy perfect bcc lattice cites. This initial structure was optimized until energy changes less than 1e-6 eV, while forces acting on atoms don't exceed 1e-2 eV/angstrom. The electron-ion interaction is described by PAW pseudopotentials. The calculations have been collected by sampling chemical compositions across the entire compositional range. The chemical compositions have been sampled by progressively changing the number of atoms per constituent by 4. For each chemical composition of binaries and ternaries, the first-principle calculations have been run for 100 randomized arrangements of the constituents on the BCC lattice sites. We collected data for a total of 3,100 randomized atomic structures over 31 chemical compositions. The calculations have been collected on Air Force HPC11 cluster using the VASP 6.5.1. Additional methodology and file structure information is available in the dataset README.txt file.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

NbTi_BCC_SolidSolution_128atoms_VASP6

We performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations for body-centered-cubic (BCC) structures with 128 lattices sites of solid solution binary alloys niobium-titanium (Nb-Ti). The electronic structures of alloys have been calculated using Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP), https://github.com/ORNL/ScalableWorkflow_VASP_Calculations. Within this package the DFT approach is used to reduce many-body Schrodinger equation to set of single particle Kohn-Sham (KS) equations. The generalized electronic exchange-correlation functional is described by generalized gradient approximation with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof parametrization. The electron-ion interactions is described by pseudopotentials developed within the plane-wave basis projector augmented-wave (PAW) approach. These pseudopotentials are available at the VASP portal (http://cms.mpi.univie.ac.at/vasp/). Our calculations have been run with the pseudopotentials treating s and p semi-core states as valence in case for the elements Nb and Ti. The electronic densities and potentials are expanded over plane-waves with energy cutoff of 350 eV. 2x2x2 k-mesh and normal precision were used. The alloys were modeled by supercell containing 128 randomly distributed atoms. At initial step the atoms occupy perfect bcc lattice cites. This initial structure was optimized until energy changes less than 1e-6 eV, while forces acting on atoms don't exceed 1e-2 eV/angstrom. The electron-ion interaction is described by PAW pseudopotentials. The calculations have been collected by sampling chemical compositions across the entire compositional range. The chemical compositions have been sampled by progressively changing the number of atoms per constituent by 4. For each chemical composition of binaries and ternaries, the first-principle calculations have been run for 100 randomized arrangements of the constituents on the BCC lattice sites. We collected data for a total of 3,100 randomized atomic structures over 31 chemical compositions. The calculations have been collected on Air Force HPC11 cluster using the VASP 6.5.1. Additional methodology and file structure information is available in the dataset README.txt file.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

HfTi_BCC_SolidSolution_128atoms_VASP6

We performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations for body-centered-cubic (BCC) structures with 128 lattices sites of solid solution binary alloys hafnium-titanium (Hf-Ti). The electronic structures of alloys have been calculated using Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP). Within this package the DFT approach is used to reduce many-body Schrodinger equation to set of single particle Kohn-Sham (KS) equations. The generalized electronic exchange-correlation functional is described by generalized gradient approximation with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof parametrization. The electron-ion interactions is described by pseudopotentials developed within the plane-wave basis projector augmented-wave (PAW) approach. These pseudopotentials are available at the VASP portal (http://cms.mpi.univie.ac.at/vasp/). Our calculations have been run with the pseudopotentials treating s and p semi-core states as valence in case for the elements Hf and Ti. The electronic densities and potentials are expanded over plane-waves with energy cutoff of 350 eV. 2x2x2 k-mesh and normal precision were used. The alloys were modeled by supercell containing 128 randomly distributed atoms. At initial step the atoms occupy perfect bcc lattice cites. This initial structure was optimized until energy changes less than 1e-6 eV, while forces acting on atoms don't exceed 1e-2 eV/angstrom. The electron-ion interaction is described by PAW pseudopotentials. The calculations have been collected by sampling chemical compositions across the entire compositional range. The chemical compositions have been sampled by progressively changing the number of atoms per constituent by 4. For each chemical composition of binaries and ternaries, the first-principle calculations have been run for 100 randomized arrangements of the constituents on the BCC lattice sites. We collected data for a total of 3,100 randomized atomic structures over 31 chemical compositions. The calculations have been collected on Air Force HPC11 cluster using the VASP 6.5.1. Additional methodology and file structure information is available in the dataset README.txt file.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

TiV_BCC_SolidSolution_128atoms_VASP6

We performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations for body-centered-cubic (BCC) structures with 128 lattices sites of solid solution binary alloys titanium-vanadium (Ti-V). The electronic structures of alloys have been calculated using Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP). Within this package the DFT approach is used to reduce many-body Schrodinger equation to set of single particle Kohn-Sham (KS) equations. The generalized electronic exchange-correlation functional is described by generalized gradient approximation with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof parametrization. The electron-ion interactions is described by pseudopotentials developed within the plane-wave basis projector augmented-wave (PAW) approach. These pseudopotentials are available at the VASP portal (http://cms.mpi.univie.ac.at/vasp/). Our calculations have been run with the pseudopotentials treating s and p semi-core states as valence in case for the elements Ti and V. The electronic densities and potentials are expanded over plane-waves with energy cutoff of 350 eV. 2x2x2 k-mesh and normal precision were used. The alloys were modeled by supercell containing 128 randomly distributed atoms. At initial step the atoms occupy perfect bcc lattice cites. This initial structure was optimized until energy changes less than 1e-6 eV, while forces acting on atoms don't exceed 1e-2 eV/angstrom. The electron-ion interaction is described by PAW pseudopotentials. The calculations have been collected by sampling chemical compositions across the entire compositional range. The chemical compositions have been sampled by progressively changing the number of atoms per constituent by 4. For each chemical composition of binaries and ternaries, the first-principle calculations have been run for 100 randomized arrangements of the constituents on the BCC lattice sites. We collected data for a total of 3,100 randomized atomic structures over 31 chemical compositions. The calculations have been collected on Air Force HPC11 cluster using the VASP 6.5.1. Additional methodology and file structure information is available in the dataset README.txt file.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Charge Radii Measurements of Exotic Tin Isotopes in the Proximity of 𝑁 =50 and 𝑁 =82

We report nuclear charge radii for the isotopes 104–134 Sn , measured using two different collinear laser spectroscopy techniques at ISOLDE-CERN. These measurements clarify the archlike trend in charge radii along the isotopic chain and reveal an odd-even staggering that is more pronounced near the 𝑁 =50 and 𝑁 =82 shell closures. The observed local trends are well described by both nuclear density functional theory and valence space in-medium similarity renormalization group calculations. Both theories predict appreciable contributions from beyond-mean-field correlations to the charge radii of the neutron-deficient tin isotopes. The models, however, fall short of reproducing the magnitude of the known 𝐵⁡(𝐸⁢2) transition probabilities, highlighting the remaining challenges in achieving a unified description of both ground-state properties and collective phenomena.

laser spectroscopy↗
DOE OSTI2026

Energy-Screened Many-Body Expansion for Protein–Ligand Interactions: Examining Convergence for Metalloenzymes Through Seven–Body Interactions

Fragment-based quantum chemistry is a powerful strategy for calculating protein−ligand interaction energies using quantum chemistry methods. Rigorous convergence often requires hundreds of atoms in the protein binding-site model, especially if that model is constructed using distance-based criteria to select amino acid residues, while three- and four-body calculations exhibit instability related to combinatorial proliferation in the number of subsystem calculations. Here, we report an energy-based screening protocol for the many-body expansion applied to protein−ligand interactions, implemented in the open-source FRAGME∩T code. Using a combination of aggressive screening based on semiempirical quantum chemistry, with an improved graph-theoretical algorithm to eliminate unimportant subsystems, we are able to perform n-body calculations up to n = 7 using density functional theory in triple-ζ basis sets. Distance cutoffs further reduce the cost without compromising accuracy. Rapid and stable convergence of the many-body expansion is obtained by n = 4, for a pair of metalloenzymes in which a divalent ion coordinates directly to the ligand. As compared to previous results that relied solely on distance cutoffs, oscillations in the n-body corrections are reduced or eliminated, although residual errors remain in one case. This work demonstrates that benchmark-quality protein−ligand interaction energies can be systematically converged using a method with excellent parallel efficiency and scalability.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Non-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics Approach for Extracting and Emulating Continuum Physics Based on Bound-State-like Calculations

Here, this Letter introduces a unified emulation framework for studying continuum physics in finite quantum systems. Using a reduced basis method, we construct powerful emulators for the inhomogeneous Schrödinger equation that operate in a combined parameter space of complex energy (𝐸) and other inputs (𝜽). Within the space, the emulators simultaneously perform analytical continuation in 𝐸—extracting continuum physics from numerically simpler bound-state-like calculations—and interpolate this entire process across 𝜽. This yields a small, non-Hermitian system whose properties (e.g., resonances and scattering observables) can be rapidly predicted for any 𝜽. Crucially, the complex-𝐸 emulation provides a pathway to compute continuum observables for complex systems where advanced bound-state methods exist but direct continuum calculations are yet to be developed, while the 𝜽 emulation enables rapid parameter-space exploration and can be adapted to accelerate other existing continuum calculations. Demonstrations with two- and three-body systems highlight the method’s effectiveness and suggest its connection to (near-)optimal rational approximation. This Letter presents the key results, with further details reserved for a companion paper.

ab initio calculations↗
DOE OSTI2025

Extraction of ground-state nuclear deformations from ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions: Nuclear structure physics context

The collective-flow-assisted nuclear shape-imaging method in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions (UHICs) has recently been used to characterize nuclear collective states. In this paper, we assess the foundations of the shape-imaging technique employed in these studies. We argue that some current UHIC nuclear imaging techniques neglect fundamental aspects of spontaneous symmetry breaking and symmetry restoration in colliding ions and incorrectly infer one-body multipole moments from studies of nucleonic correlations. Therefore, the impact of this approach on nuclear structure research has been overstated. Conversely, efforts to incorporate existing knowledge on nuclear shapes into analysis pipelines can be beneficial for benchmarking tools and calibrating models used to extract information from ultrarelativistic heavy-ion experiments.

Nuclear data analysis & compilation↗