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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Measurement of the t-Channel Single Top Quark Production Cross Section in pp Collisions at {radical}(s)=7 TeV

Electroweak production of the top quark is measured for the first time in pp collisions at {radical}(s)=7 TeV, using a data set collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb{sup -1}. With an event selection optimized for t-channel production, two complementary analyses are performed. The first one exploits the special angular properties of the signal, together with background estimates from the data. The second approach uses a multivariate analysis technique to probe the compatibility with signal topology expected from electroweak top-quark production. The combined measurement of the cross section is 83.6{+-}29.8(stat+syst){+-}3.3(lumi) pb, consistent with the standard model expectation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Measurements of the Differential Cross Sections for the Elastic n-{sup 3}H and n-{sup 2}H Scattering at 14.1 MeV by Using an Inertial Confinement Fusion Facility

For the first time the differential cross section for the elastic neutron-triton (n-{sup 3}H) and neutron-deuteron (n-{sup 2}H) scattering at 14.1 MeV has been measured by using an inertial confinement fusion facility. In these experiments, which were carried out by simultaneously measuring elastically scattered {sup 3}H and {sup 2}H ions from a deuterium-tritium gas-filled inertial confinement fusion capsule implosion, the differential cross section for the elastic n-{sup 3}H scattering was obtained with significantly higher accuracy than achieved in previous accelerator experiments. The results compare well with calculations that combine the resonating-group method with an ab initio no-core shell model, which demonstrate that recent advances in ab initio theory can provide an accurate description of light-ion reactions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

First Measurement of the Angular Coefficients of Drell-Yan e{sup +}e{sup -} Pairs in the Z Mass Region from pp Collisions at {radical}(s)=1.96 TeV

We report on the first measurement of the angular distributions of final state electrons in pp{yields}{gamma}{sup *}/Z{yields}e{sup +}e{sup -}+X events produced in the Z boson mass region at {radical}(s)=1.96 TeV. The data sample collected by the CDF II detector for this result corresponds to 2.1 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity. The angular distributions are studied as a function of the transverse momentum of the electron-positron pair and show good agreement with the Lam-Tung relation, consistent with a spin-1 description of the gluon, and demonstrate that, at high values of the transverse momentum, Z bosons are produced via quark-antiquark annihilation and quark-gluon Compton processes.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

A Simple and Portable Multi-Channel Pyrometer allowing temperature measurements down to 800 K on the microsecond scale

The measurement of transient temperatures less than 1000 K for samples in laser-heated diamond anvil cells remains a challenge. Here we present a design and performance characteristics for a multi-channel pyrometer that works in the NIR from 1200 to 2000 nm. It has a relatively small footprint, is portable, only requires low voltage power supplies and can report temperatures down to 800 K on the millisecond scale or faster. A single data point without averaging can be acquired in 14 microseconds (sampling rate of 70'000 times/s). In conjunction with a diamond anvil cell, the system still works down to about 830 K. The pyrometer has been interfaced several times with the laser heating system at the High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT) at the Advanced Photon Source in Chicago with good results.

Montgomery, Jeffrey M.↗
DOE OSTI2011

Data compression of measurements of peculiar velocities of supernovae type Ia

We study the compression of information present in the correlated perturbations to the luminosity distance in the low-redshift (z<0.1) supernovae Ia due to peculiar velocities of these supernovae. We demonstrate that the naieve compression into angular velocity power spectrum does not work efficiently, due to thickness of the spherical shell over which the supernovae are measured. Instead, we show that measurements can be compressed into measurements of f{sup 2}P(k), where f is the logarithmic rate of growth of linear perturbations and P(k) is their power spectrum. We develop an optimal quadratic estimator and show that it recovers all information for {Lambda}CDM models for surveys of N{approx}10,000 or more supernovae. We explicitly demonstrate robustness with respect to the assumed fiducial model and the number of power spectrum bins. Using mock catalogues of supernovae Ia we estimate that future low-redshift surveys will be able to probe {sigma}{sub 8} to 6% accuracy with 10 000 supernovae Ia.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Measurement of the Proton-Air Cross Section at √s=57 TeV with the Pierre Auger Observatory

We report a measurement of the proton-air cross section for particle production at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 57 TeV. This is derived from the distribution of the depths of shower maxima observed with the Pierre Auger Observatory: systematic uncertainties are studied in detail. Analyzing the tail of the distribution of the shower maxima, a proton-air cross section of [505±22(stat) +28 -36 (syst)] mb is found.

Abreu, P.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Synchrotron X-ray microfluorescence measurement of metal distributions in Phragmites australis root system in the Yangtze River intertidal zone

This study investigates the distributions of Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Cu, K, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ti, V and Zn in Phragmites australis root system and the function of Fe nanoparticles in scavenging metals in the root epidermis using synchrotron X-ray microfluorescence, synchrotron transmission X-ray microscope measurement and synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure techniques. The purpose of this study is to understand the mobility of metals in wetland plant root systems after their uptake from rhizosphere soils. Phragmites australis samples were collected in the Yangtze River intertidal zone in July 2013. The results indicate that Fe nanoparticles are present in the root epidermis and that other metals correlate significantly with Fe, suggesting that Fe nanoparticles play an important role in metal scavenging in the epidermis.

Feng, Huan↗
DOE OSTI2011

Measurement of b Hadron Lifetimes in Exclusive Decays Containing a J/{psi} in pp Collisions at {radical}(s)=1.96 TeV

We report on a measurement of b-hadron lifetimes in the fully reconstructed decay modes B{sup +}{yields}J/{psi}K{sup +}, B{sup 0}{yields}J/{psi}K{sup *}(892){sup 0}, B{sup 0}{yields}J/{psi}K{sub s}{sup 0}, and {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0}{yields}J/{psi}{Lambda}{sup 0} using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.3 fb{sup -1}, collected by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The measured lifetimes are {tau}(B{sup +})=[1.639{+-}0.009(stat){+-}0.009(syst)] ps, {tau}(B{sup 0})=[1.507{+-}0.010(stat){+-}0.008(syst)] ps, and {tau}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0})=[1.537{+-}0.045(stat){+-}0.014(syst)] ps. The lifetime ratios are {tau}(B{sup +})/{tau}(B{sup 0})=[1.088{+-}0.009(stat){+-}0.004(syst)] and {tau}({Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0})/{tau}(B{sup 0})=[1.020{+-}0.030(stat){+-}0.008(syst)]. These are the most precise determinations of these quantities from a single experiment.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Lifetime Measurement of the 2{sub 1}{sup +} State in {sup 20}C

Establishing how and when large N/Z values require modified or new theoretical tools is a major quest in nuclear physics. Here we report the first measurement of the lifetime of the 2{sub 1}{sup +} state in the near-dripline nucleus {sup 20}C. The deduced value of {tau}{sub 2{sub 1}{sup +}}=9.8{+-}2.8(stat){sub -1.1}{sup +0.5}(syst) ps gives a reduced transition probability of B(E2;2{sub 1}{sup +}{yields}0{sub g.s.}{sup +})=7.5{sub -1.7}{sup +3.0}(stat){sub -0.4}{sup +1.0}(syst) e{sup 2} fm{sup 4} in good agreement with a shell model calculation using isospin-dependent effective charges.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗