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Search for the isospin-violating decays 𝜒 𝑐⁢𝐽 → $Λ\bar{⁢Σ}^0$ + c.c. and 𝜂 𝑐 → $Λ\bar{⁢Σ}^0$ + c.c.

Using a sample of (2712.4 ± 14.3) × 10 6 𝜓⁡(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector, we perform a search for the isospin-violating decays 𝜒 𝑐⁢𝐽 → $Λ\bar{⁢Σ}^0$ + c.c.(𝐽 = 0,1,2) and 𝜂 𝑐 → $Λ\bar{⁢Σ}^0$ + c.c. No significant signal for 𝜒 𝑐⁢𝐽 or 𝜂 𝑐 is observed in the $Λ\bar{⁢Σ}^0$ invariant mass distribution. The upper limits on the branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are set to be ℬ⁡(𝜒 𝑐⁢0 → $Λ\bar{⁢Σ}^0$ + c.c.) < 1.5 × 10 −6 , ℬ⁡(𝜒 𝑐⁢1 → $Λ\bar{⁢Σ}^0$ + c.c.) < 1.6 × 10 −6 , ℬ⁡(𝜒 𝑐⁢2 → $Λ\bar{⁢Σ}^0$ + c.c.) < 1.7 × 10 −6 , and ℬ⁡(𝜂 𝑐 → $Λ\bar{⁢Σ}^0$ + c.c.) < 6.2 × 10 −5 for the first time.

Ablikim, M. [Institute of High Energy Physics] (OR↗

Search for the decay B s 0 → J / ψ π 0 at Belle experiment

We have analyzed 121.4 fb − 1 of data collected at the ϒ ( 5 S ) resonance by the Belle experiment using the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − collider to search for the decay B s 0 → J / ψ π 0 . We observe no signal and report an upper limit on the branching fraction B ( B s 0 → J / ψ π 0 ) of 1.21 × 10 − 5 at 90% confidence level. This result is the most stringent, improving the previous bound by 2 orders of magnitude. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

Search for the light hadron decay χ c 1 ( 3872 ) → π + π − η

With a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 11.5 fb − 1 collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, for the first time the light hadron decay χ c 1 ( 3872 ) → π + π − η is searched for. While no significant signal is observed, the upper limits at the 90% confidence level for σ [ e + e − → γ χ c 1 ( 3872 ) ] B [ χ c 1 ( 3872 ) → π + π − η ] at center of mass energies from 4.13 GeV to 4.34 GeV are determined. By normalizing to the χ c 1 ( 3872 ) → π + π − J / ψ decay channel, a 90% confidence level upper limit for the branching fraction ratio R = B [ χ c 1 ( 3872 ) → π + π − η ] / B [ χ c 1 ( 3872 ) → π + π − J / ψ ] < 0.12 is given. These measurements provide important inputs for understanding the internal structure of the χ c 1 ( 3872 ) resonance. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

Search for baryon and lepton number violating decays D → p ℓ

We search for the baryon and lepton number violating charm decays, D → p ℓ , where D is either a D 0 or a D ¯ 0 and ℓ is a muon or an electron, using a data sample of 921 fb − 1 collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e + e − collider. In the absence of significant signals, we set upper limits on the branching fractions in the range ( 5 – 8 ) × 10 − 7 at a 90% confidence level, depending on the decay mode. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

Search for the leptonic decays D * + → e + ν e and D * + → μ + ν μ

We present the first search for the leptonic decays D * + → e + ν e and D * + → μ + ν μ by analyzing a data sample of electron-positron collisions recorded with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.32 fb − 1 . No significant signal is observed. The upper limits on the branching fractions for D * + → e + ν e and D * + → μ + ν μ are set to be 1.1 × 10 − 5 and 4.3 × 10 − 6 at 90% confidence level, respectively. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

Search for J / ψ weak decays containing a D meson

Using a sample of about 10 billion J / ψ events with the BESIII detector, we search for the weak decays of J / ψ → D ¯ 0 π 0 + c . c . , J / ψ → D ¯ 0 η + c . c . , J / ψ → D ¯ 0 ρ 0 + c . c . , J / ψ → D − π + + c . c . , and J / ψ → D − ρ + + c . c . . Since no significant signal is observed, we set the upper limits of the branching fractions of these decays to be B ( J / ψ → D ¯ 0 π 0 + c . c . ) < 4.7 × 10 − 7 , B ( J / ψ → D ¯ 0 η + c . c . ) < 6.8 × 10 − 7 , B ( J / ψ → D ¯ 0 ρ 0 + c . c . ) < 5.2 × 10 − 7 , B ( J / ψ → D − π + + c . c . ) < 7.0 × 10 − 8 , and B ( J / ψ → D − ρ + + c . c . ) < 6.0 × 10 − 7 at the 90% confidence level. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

Search for X ( 1870 ) via the decay J / ψ → ω K + K − η

Using a sample of ( 10087 ± 44 ) × 10 6 J / ψ events collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we search for the decay X ( 1870 ) → K + K − η via the J / ψ → ω K + K − η process for the first time. No significant X ( 1870 ) signal is observed. The upper limit on the branching fraction of the decay J / ψ → ω X ( 1870 ) → ω K + K − η is determined to be 9.55 × 10 − 7 at the 90% confidence level. In addition, the branching faction B ( J / ψ → ω K + K − η ) is measured to be ( 3.33 ± 0.02 ( stat ) ± 0.12 ( syst ) ) × 10 − 4 . Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗

Search for the rare decay of charmed baryon Λ c + into the p μ + μ − final state

A search for the nonresonant Λ c + → p μ + μ − decay is performed using proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb − 1 . No evidence for the decay is found in the dimuon invariant-mass regions where the expected contributions of resonances is subdominant. The upper limit on the branching fraction of the Λ c + → p μ + μ − decay is determined to be 2.9 ( 3.2 ) × 10 − 8 at 90 % ( 95 % ) confidence level. The branching fractions in the dimuon invariant-mass regions dominated by the η , ρ and ω resonances are also determined. © 2024 CERN, for the LHCb Collaboration 2024 CERN

Aaij, R. (ORCID:0000000305331952)↗

Search for the lepton-flavor violating decay B s 0 → ϕ μ ± τ ∓

A search for the lepton-flavor violating decays B s 0 → ϕ μ ± τ ∓ is presented, using a sample of proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, collected with the LHCb detector and corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb − 1 . The τ leptons are selected using decays with three charged pions. No significant excess is observed, and an upper limit on the branching fraction is determined to be B ( B s 0 → ϕ μ ± τ ∓ ) < 1.0 × 10 − 5 at 90% confidence level. © 2024 CERN, for the LHCb Collaboration 2024 CERN

Aaij, R. (ORCID:0000000305331952)↗

Search for Light Pseudoscalar Bosons, Pair-Produced in Higgs Boson Decays in the Four-Electron Final State in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

A search for pairs of light neutral pseudoscalar bosons (𝐴) resulting from the decay of a Higgs boson is performed. The search is conducted using LHC proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV, collected with the CMS detector in 2016–2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 . The 𝐴 boson decays into a highly collimated electron-positron pair. A novel multivariate algorithm using tracks and calorimeter information is developed to identify these distinctive signatures, and events are selected with two such merged electron-positron pairs. No significant excess above the standard model background predictions is observed. Upper limits on the branching fraction for 𝐻 → 𝐴⁢𝐴 → 4⁢𝑒 are set at 95% confidence level, for masses between 10 and 100 MeV and proper decay lengths below 100 μ⁢m, reaching branching fraction sensitivities as low as 10 −5 . This is the first search for Higgs boson decays to four electrons via light pseudoscalars at the LHC. It significantly improves the experimental sensitivity to axionlike particles with masses below 100 MeV.

Hayrapetyan, A. [Yerevan Physics Institute]↗

Search for B 0 → K *0 𝜏 + ⁢𝜏 − Decays at the Belle II Experiment

We present a search for the rare flavor-changing neutral-current decay 𝐵 0 →𝐾 *0 ⁢𝜏 + ⁢𝜏 − with data collected by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider. The analysis uses a 365 fb −1 data sample recorded at the center-of-mass energy of the ϒ⁡(4⁢𝑆) resonance. One of the 𝐵 mesons produced in the ϒ⁡(4⁢𝑆)→𝐵 0 $⁢\overline{𝐵}$ 0 process is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode, while its companion 𝐵 meson is required to decay into a 𝐾 *0 and two 𝜏 leptons of opposite charge. The 𝜏 leptons are reconstructed in final states with a single electron, muon, charged pion or charged 𝜌 meson, and additional neutrinos. We set an upper limit on the branching fraction of ℬ⁡(𝐵 0 →𝐾 *0 ⁢𝜏 + ⁢𝜏 − )<1.8×10 −3 at the 90% confidence level, which is the most stringent constraint reported to date.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for Lepton-Flavor-Violating Decay Modes 𝐵 0 →𝐾$^0_𝑆$⁢𝜏 ± ⁢ℓ ∓ with Hadronic 𝐵 Tagging at Belle and Belle II

We present the first search for the lepton-flavor-violating decay modes 𝐵 0 →𝐾$^0_𝑆$⁢𝜏 ± ⁢ℓ ∓ (ℓ=𝜇,𝑒) using the 711 and 365 fb −1 data samples recorded by the Belle and Belle II detectors, respectively. We use a hadronic 𝐵-tagging technique to fully reconstruct a 𝐵 meson and search for signal decays in the system recoiling against the tagged meson, considering 𝜏 decays to either light leptons, one charged hadron, or one charged hadron and a neutral pion. We find no evidence for 𝐵 0 →𝐾$^0_𝑆$⁢𝜏 ± ⁢ℓ ∓ decays and set 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions in the range of [0.8,3.6] ×10 −5 .

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

New constraints on heavy neutral leptons from Super-Kamiokande data

Abstract Heavy neutral leptons are predicted in many extensions of the Standard Model with massive neutrinos. If kinematically accessible, they can be copiously produced from kaon and pion decays in atmospheric showers, and subsequently decay inside large neutrino detectors. We perform a search for these long-lived particles using Super-Kamiokande multi-GeV neutrino data and derive stringent limits on the mixing with electron, muon and tau neutrinos as a function of the long-lived particle mass. We also present the limits on the branching ratio versus lifetime plane, which are helpful in determining the constraints in non-minimal models where the heavy neutral leptons have new interactions with the Standard Model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for lepton flavour violating muon decay mediated by a new light particle in the MEG experiment

We present the first direct search for lepton flavour violating muon decay mediated by a new light particle X, μ + → e + X,X → γγ . This search uses a dataset resulting from 7.5 × 10 14 stopped muons collected by the MEG experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institut in the period 2009–2013. No significant excess is found in the mass region 20–45 MeV/c 2 for lifetimes below 40 ps, and we set the most stringent branching ratio upper limits in the mass region of 20–40 MeV/c 2 , down to O(10 –11 ) at 90% confidence level.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for a light charged Higgs boson in $t \rightarrow H^{\pm } b$ decays, with $H^{\pm } \rightarrow cs$, in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}={13}\hbox { TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector

A search for a light charged Higgs boson produced in decays of the top quark, $t \rightarrow H^{\pm } b$ with $H^{\pm } \rightarrow cs$, is presented. This search targets the production of top-quark pairs $t\bar{t} \rightarrow WbH^{\pm } b$, with $W \rightarrow ℓv(ℓ = e, μ)$, resulting in a lepton-plus-jets final state characterised by an isolated electron or muon and at least four jets. The search exploits b-quark and c-quark identification techniques as well as multivariate methods to suppress the dominant $t\bar{t}$ background. The data analysed correspond to 140 fb -1 of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC between 2015 and 2018. Observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limits on the branching fraction $\mathscr{B}(t \rightarrow H^{\pm } b)$, assuming $\mathscr{B}(t \rightarrow Wb) + \mathscr{B}(t \rightarrow H^{\pm }(\rightarrow cs)b$, are set between 0.066% (0.077%) and 3.6% (2.3%) for a charged Higgs boson with a mass between 60 and 168 GeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Theory of rheology

The structure of the modern theory of rheology is discussed to show the assumptions and limitations. Rheology is discussed as a branch of continuum mechanics to determine the relationships between stress, strain, and strain rate which will give a closer representation of lubricant properties than the Newtonian flow equation. Rheology is also investigated as a branch of chemical physics. Consideration is limited to those theories of nonpolymeric and polymeric fluids which can represent viscoelasticity in terms of identifiable and measureable molecular characteristics. The possibility that elastic liquids may rupture in shear and linear tension analogous to the failure of solids is proposed.

Hutton, J. F.↗

Real-time minimal bit error probability decoding of convolutional codes

A recursive procedure is derived for decoding of rate R=1/n binary convolutional codes which minimizes the probability of the individual decoding decisions for each information bit subject to the constraint that the decoding delay be limited to Delta branches. This new decoding algorithm is similar to, but somewhat more complex than, the Viterbi decoding algorithm. A real-time, i.e. fixed decoding delay, version of the Viterbi algorithm is also developed and used for comparison to the new algorithm on simulated channels. It is shown that the new algorithm offers advantages over Viterbi decoding in soft-decision applications such as in the inner coding system for concatenated coding.

Lee, L. N.↗

Real-time minimal-bit-error probability decoding of convolutional codes

A recursive procedure is derived for decoding of rate R = 1/n binary convolutional codes which minimizes the probability of the individual decoding decisions for each information bit, subject to the constraint that the decoding delay be limited to Delta branches. This new decoding algorithm is similar to, but somewhat more complex than, the Viterbi decoding algorithm. A real-time, i.e., fixed decoding delay, version of the Viterbi algorithm is also developed and used for comparison to the new algorithm on simulated channels. It is shown that the new algorithm offers advantages over Viterbi decoding in soft-decision applications, such as in the inner coding system for concatenated coding.

Lee, L.-N.↗