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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Lessons from an Archaeal genome: what are we learning from Methanococcus jannaschii?
No abstract available
Adding precision tools to the plant biologists' toolbox with chemical genomics
No abstract available
Genomic approaches to identifying transcriptional regulators of osteoblast differentiation
Recent microarray studies of mouse and human osteoblast differentiation in vitro have identified novel transcription factors that may be important in the establishment and maintenance of differentiation. These findings help unravel the pattern of gene-expression changes that underly the complex process of bone formation.
Orthologs, paralogs and genome comparisons
During the past decade, ancient gene duplications were recognized as one of the main forces in the generation of diverse gene families and the creation of new functional capabilities. New tools developed to search data banks for homologous sequences, and an increased availability of reliable three-dimensional structural information led to the recognition that proteins with diverse functions can belong to the same superfamily. Analyses of the evolution of these superfamilies promises to provide insights into early evolution but are complicated by several important evolutionary processes. Horizontal transfer of genes can lead to a vertical spread of innovations among organisms, therefore finding a certain property in some descendants of an ancestor does not guarantee that it was present in that ancestor. Complete or partial gene conversion between duplicated genes can yield phylogenetic trees with several, apparently independent gene duplications, suggesting an often surprising parallelism in the evolution of independent lineages. Additionally, the breakup of domains within a protein and the fusion of domains into multifunctional proteins makes the delineation of superfamilies a task that remains difficult to automate.
Post-genomic science: converting primary structure into physiological function
No abstract available
Understanding the genomes: how close are we to a Star Trek medical diagnosis?
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Genomics and Proteomics Based Security Protocols for Secure Network Architectures
A hardware design that integrates live and algorithmic inhabitants to produce patterns of gene expression in vivo and in silico Protocols and algorithms based upon the processes of regulation of gene expression to produce cryptographic representations of genes, RNA, proteins, and gene expression to perform authentication and confidentiality functions for computers and networks. A network concept of operations integrating all of the above into existing legacy networks.
Simulation of deployable composite structures based on Mechanics of Structure Genome
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Mouse genomic associations with in vitro sensitivity to simulated space radiation
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Tangled banks: A landscape genomic evaluation of Wallace's Riverine barrier hypothesis for three Amazon plant species
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Minimal plastid genome evolution in the Paulinella endosymbiont
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Multiple waves of viral invasions in Symbiodiniaceae algal genomes
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A genomic approach for isolating chloroplast microsatellite markers for Pachyptera kerere (Bignoniaceae)
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Is cell aging caused by respiration-dependent injury to the mitochondrial genome
Though intrinsic mitochondrial aging has been considered before as a possible cause of cellular senescence, the mechanisms of such mitochondrial aging have remained obscure. In this article, the hypothesis of free-radical-induced inhibition of mitochondrial replenishment in fixed postmitotic cells is expanded. It is maintained that the respiration-dependent production of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals may not be fully counteracted, leading to a continuous production of lipoperoxides and malonaldehyde in actively respiring mitochondria. These compounds, in turn, can easily react with the mitochondrial DNA which is in close spatial relationship with the inner mitochondrial membrane, producing an injury that the mitochondria may be unable to counteract because of their apparent lack of adequate repair mechanisms. Mitochondrial division may thus be inhibited leading to age-related reduction of mitochondrial numbers, a deficit in energy production with a concomitant decrease in protein synthesis, deterioration of physiological performance, and, therefore, of organismic performance.
Space stress and genome shock in developing plant cells
In the present paper I review symptoms of stress at the level of the nucleus in cells of plants grown in space under nonoptimized conditions. It remains to be disclosed to what extent gravity "unloading" in the space environment directly contributes to the low mitotic index and the chromosomal anomalies and damage that is frequently, but not invariably, demonstrable in space-grown plants. Evaluation of the available facts indicates that indirect effects play a major role and that there is a significant biological component to the susceptibility to stress damage equation as well. Much remains to be learned on how to provide strictly controlled, optimal environments for plant growth in space. Only after optimized controls become possible will one be able to attribute any observed space effects to lowered gravity or to other significant but more indirect effects of the space environment.