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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

Baseband pulse shaping techniques for nonlinearly amplified pi/4-QPSK and QAM systems

A new generation of multi-stage pi/4-shifted QPSK and of superposed quadrature-amplitude-modulated (SQAM) modulators-coherent demodulators (modems) and of continuous phase modulated (CPM)-gaussian premodulation filtered minimum-shift-keying (MGMSK) systems is proposed and studied. These modems will lead to bandwidth and power efficient satellite communications systems designs. As an illustrative application, a baseband processing technique pi/4-controlled transition PSK (pi/4-CTPSK) is described. To develop a cost and power efficient design strategy, we assume that nonlinear, fully saturated high power amplifiers (HPA) are utilized in the satellite earth station transmitter and in the satellite transponder. Modem structures which could lead to application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) satellite on-board processing universal modem applications are also considered. Multistate GMSK (i.e., MGMSK) signal generation methods by means of two or more RF combined nonlinearly amplified SQAM modems and by one multistate (in-phase and quadrature-baseband premodulation filtered-superposed) SQAM architecture and one RF nonlinear amplifier are studied. During the SQAM modem development phase we investigate the potential system advantages of the pi/4-shifted logic. The bandwidth efficiency of the proposed multistate GMSK and baseband filtered PAM-FM modulator (a new class in the CPM family) will be significantly higher than that of conventional G-MSK systems. To optimize the practical P(sub e) = f((E sub b)/(N sub o)) performance we consider improved coherent demodulation MGMSK structures such as deviated-frequency locking coherent demodulators. For relative low bit rate SATCOM applications, e.g., bit rates less than 300 kb/s, phase noise tracking cancellation (for fixed site earth station) and phase noise cancellation as well as Doppler compensation (for satellite to mobile earth station) applications may be required. We study digital channel sounding methods which could cancel the phase noise-caused degradations of CPM and GMSK modems.

Feher, Kamilo↗
NASA NTRS1974

Star adaptation for two-algorithms used on serial computers

Two representative algorithms used on a serial computer and presently executed on the Control Data Corporation 6000 computer were adapted to execute efficiently on the Control Data STAR-100 computer. Gaussian elimination for the solution of simultaneous linear equations and the Gauss-Legendre quadrature formula for the approximation of an integral are the two algorithms discussed. A description is given of how the programs were adapted for STAR and why these adaptations were necessary to obtain an efficient STAR program. Some points to consider when adapting an algorithm for STAR are discussed. Program listings of the 6000 version coded in 6000 FORTRAN, the adapted STAR version coded in 6000 FORTRAN, and the STAR version coded in STAR FORTRAN are presented in the appendices.

Howser, L. M.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Differentially coherent detection of QASK for frequency-hopping systems. I - Performance in the presence of a Gaussian noise environment

Bandwidth-conserving modulation techniques, which trade average power for bandwidth in a favorable exchange, have recently found widespread application in digital radio and satellite communication systems. Quadrature amplitude-shift-keying (QASK) is a particular type of the considered techniques. QASK makes use of multilevel signals to amplitude modulate the in-phase and quadrature components of a carrier. Frequency hopping (FH) is used to protect a conventional communication system from radio frequency interference (RFI) or jamming. Differentially coherent detection provides a possible solution to the effect of phase discontinuities introduced by FH. The application of such a detection technique to QASK signals is discussed. A receiver structure is proposed and its symbol error probability performance for an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) background is investigated.

Simon, M. K.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Derivation of Effective Properties Based on Porous Scale Simulations Using Filtering Techniques

This study presents a method for derivation of effective properties at the interface and in-depth of porous materials. The method defines a Representative Elementary Volume (REV) and applies filtering techniques to computer effective properties such as porosity and flow quantities, such as velocity and pressure. The script, developed to process the data was tested on the VTK type files that contain the mesh information and the flow solution. The method allows to choose between two types of filters, such as cellular and top-hat and define the size of the REV and number of samples along the domain. Extraction of the REV from the domain is performed to exact boundaries requested for the user. This is done using a triangulation technique and cutting through the cells to comply to the requested boundaries of the volume. The method can be applied to both structured and unstructured meshes. Filtering the material porosity and flow quantities involves integration of the numerical data. The algorithm provides three integration methods, such as Riemann sum, Monte Carlo and Quadrature rule to perform the integration. The Monte-Carlo technique permits the use of either uniform or linearly spaced distribution of points. The Quadrature rule is currently applicable to tetrahedral element types. The Monte Carlo and Quadrature rule methods require interpolation of the flow quantities at the sample points. For interpolation, two methods were tested and are readily available, Gaussian interpolation and re-sampling. It has been shown that re-sampling method has better consistency and acceptable accuracy in interpolation of the data. The algorithm was written in Python language and uses a number of modules. The major module besides numpy is PyVista. It is used to process the computational domain, clip the REV and interpolate the data. Quadrature rule integration was performed using a quadpy module. ParaView software was used externally to convert the flow solution to the VTK (or more specifically VTU) format. Integration of ParaView in the same environment with PyVista encountered problems and could not be implemented in this work. The developed algorithm is expected to be applicable to unstructured meshes and more complex porous structures as soon as the data can be passed in VTK type format. With the report is provided Python script for filtering the solution and a Matlab script for simple generation and processing of 2-D and 3-D porous channel geometries. The two scripts don't communicate.

Alexsander Zibitsker↗
DOE OSTI2024

Projective Integral Updates for High-Dimensional Variational Inference

Variational inference is an approximation framework for Bayesian inference that seeks to improve quantified uncertainty in predictions by optimizing a simplified distribution over parameters to stand in for the full posterior. Capturing model variations that remain consistent with training data enables more robust predictions by reducing parameter sensitivity. This work introduces a fixed-point optimization for variational inference that is applicable when every feasible log density can be expressed as a linear combination of functions from a given basis. In such cases, the optimizer becomes a fixed-point of projective integral updates. When the basis spans univariate quadratics in each parameter, the feasible distributions are Gaussian mean-fields and the projective integral updates yield quasi-Newton variational Bayes (QNVB). Other bases and updates are also possible. Since these updates require high-dimensional integration, this work begins by proposing an efficient quasirandom sequence of quadratures for mean-field distributions. Each iterate of the sequence contains two evaluation points that combine to correctly integrate all univariate quadratic functions and, if the mean-field factors are symmetric, all univariate cubics. More importantly, averaging results over short subsequences achieves periodic exactness on a much larger space of multivariate polynomials of quadratic total degree. The corresponding variational updates require four loss evaluations with standard (not second-order) backpropagation to eliminate error terms from over half of all multivariate quadratic basis functions. Furthermore, this integration technique is motivated by first proposing stochastic blocked mean-field quadratures, which may be useful in other contexts. A PyTorch implementation of QNVB allows for better control over model uncertainty during training than competing methods. Experiments demonstrate superior generalizability for multiple learning problems and architectures.

Gaussian mean-field↗
DOE OSTI2025

Gate-Based Quantum Simulation of Gaussian Bosonic Circuits on Exponentially Many Modes

We introduce a framework for simulating, on an ( n + 1 )-qubit quantum computer, the action of a Gaussian bosonic (GB) circuit on a state over 2 n modes. Specifically, we encode the initial bosonic state’s expectation values over quadrature operators (and their covariance matrix) as an input qubit state. This is then evolved by a quantum circuit that effectively implements the symplectic propagators induced by the GB gates. We find families of GB circuits and initial states leading to efficient quantum simulations. For this purpose, we introduce a dictionary that maps between GB and qubit gates such that particle- (non-particle-) preserving GB gates lead to real- (imaginary-) time evolutions at the qubit level. For the special case of particle-preserving circuits, we present a bounded-error-quantum-polynomial time (BQP)-complete GB decision problem, indicating that GB evolutions of Gaussian states on exponentially many modes are as powerful as universal quantum computers. We also perform numerical simulations of an interferometer on ∼ 8 × 10 9 modes, illustrating the power of our framework. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1981

Performance of quadrature overlapped raised-cosine modulation over nonlinear satellite channels

This paper considers the performance evaluation of Staggered Quadrature Overlapped Raised Cosine (SQORC) signal transmission through wideband nonlinear satellite channels in the presence of uplink and downlink additive Gaussian noise. Expressions for the bit error rate are derived for a general transponder model with AM-AM and AM-PM conversion. It is shown that the bit error rate of SQORC is one-half of the sum of the bit error rate of MSK at 2/3 of the uplink signal-to-noise ratio and the bit error rate of Quadriphase Phase-Shift Keying QPSK at 4/3 of the uplink signal-to-noise ratio, whereas the spectrum of SQROC is the product of MSK and QPSK spectra. Numerical results are presented for a transponder which is modelled as a hard limiter.

Divsalar, D.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Combined GMSK Communications and PN Ranging

A document discusses a method by which GMSK (Gaussian minimum shift keying) modulation and a pseudonoise (PN) ranging signal may be combined. By isolating the in-phase and quadrature components after carrier lock, and extracting their low-pass and band-pass filtered components, there is enough information available to both demodulate data and track the PN signal. The proposed combined GMSK communications and PN ranging is one potential approach to address emerging requirements for simultaneous high data rate communications from and tracking of vehicles in deep space or at the Moon.

Orr, Richard↗
DOE OSTI2022

Continuous variable quantum secret sharing

Continuous variable quantum secret sharing (CV-QSS) technologies are described that use laser sources and homodyne detectors. Here, a Gaussian-modulated coherent state (GMCS) prepared by one device passes through secure stations of other devices sequentially on its way to a trusted device, and each of the other devices coherently adds a locally prepared, independent GMCS to the group of propagating GMCSs. Finally, the trusted device measures both the amplitude and the phase quadratures of the received group of coherent GMCSs using double homodyne detectors. The trusted device suitably uses the measurement results to establish a secure key for encoding secret messages to be broadcast to the other devices. The devices cooperatively estimate, based on signals corresponding to their respective Gaussian modulations, the trusted device's secure key, so that the cooperative devices can decode the broadcast secret messages with the secure key.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Efficient evaluation of the Breit operator in the Pauli spinor basis

The frequency-independent Coulomb–Breit operator gives rise to the most accurate treatment of two-electron interaction in the non-quantum-electrodynamics regime. The Breit interaction in the Coulomb gauge consists of magnetic and gauge contributions. The high computational cost of the gauge term limits the application of the Breit interaction in relativistic molecular calculations. In this work, we apply the Pauli component integral–density matrix contraction scheme for gauge interaction with a maximum spin- and component separation scheme. We also present two different computational algorithms for evaluating gauge integrals. One is the generalized Obara–Saika algorithm, where the Laplace transformation is used to transform the gauge operator into Gaussian functions and the Obara–Saika recursion is used for reducing the angular momentum. The other algorithm is the second derivative of Coulomb interaction evaluated with Rys-quadrature. This work improves the efficiency of performing Dirac–Hartree–Fock with the variational treatment of Breit interaction for molecular systems. In conclusion, we use this formalism to examine relativistic trends in the Periodic Table and analyze the relativistic two-electron interaction contributions in heavy-element complexes.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Nonperturbative Zou-Wang-Mandel effect

The Zou-Wang-Mandel (ZWM) effect is a remarkable consequence of photon indistinguishability and continuous-variable entanglement in which an optical phase shift is imprinted on photonic modes associated with optical paths that that do not pass through the phase shift source. By bringing the canonical formalism of continuous-variable Gaussian states to bear on the mode-structure of the ZWM experiment, we show that the physical consequence of implementing optical path identity is a renormalization of quadrature squeezing which governs the entanglement of four effective optical modes. Nonperturbative expressions for the ZWM interference patterns and normalized first-order coherence function are derived. Generalizations to $\mathscr{H}$-graph states with more than four modes directly follow from the general method used to analyze the minimal example. Here, we show that a ZWM interferometer with a laser-seeded signal mode, which estimates an idler phase shift by detecting photons that did not propagate through the phase shift, exhibits an optimal sensitivity comparable to that of a laser-seeded SU(1,1) interferometer if path identity is implemented with high fidelity.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Polarization-agnostic continuous-variable quantum key distribution

Here, we introduce a polarization-agnostic method for Gaussian-modulated coherent-state (GCMS) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). Due to the random and continuous nature of the GCMS protocol, Alice, the transmitter, can encode two distinct quadratures in each of two orthogonal polarization modes, such that Bob, the receiver, measures valid GCMS quadratures in a single polarization mode even when polarization changes occur during transmission. This method does not require polarization correction in the optical domain, does not require monitoring both polarization modes, reduces loss by eliminating optical components, and avoids the noise injected by polarization correction algorithms.

Williams, Brian P. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory ↗
NASA NTRS1991

Bit error rate performance of pi/4-DQPSK in a frequency-selective fast Rayleigh fading channel

The bit error rate (BER) performance of pi/4-differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) modems in cellular mobile communication systems is derived and analyzed. The system is modeled as a frequency-selective fast Rayleigh fading channel corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and co-channel interference (CCI). The probability density function of the phase difference between two consecutive symbols of M-ary differential phase shift keying (DPSK) signals is first derived. In M-ary DPSK systems, the information is completely contained in this phase difference. For pi/4-DQPSK, the BER is derived in a closed form and calculated directly. Numerical results show that for the 24 kBd (48 kb/s) pi/4-DQPSK operated at a carrier frequency of 850 MHz and C/I less than 20 dB, the BER will be dominated by CCI if the vehicular speed is below 100 mi/h. In this derivation, frequency-selective fading is modeled by two independent Rayleigh signal paths. Only one co-channel is assumed in this derivation. The results obtained are also shown to be valid for discriminator detection of M-ary DPSK signals.

Liu, Chia-Liang↗
NASA NTRS2009

Structured Low-Density Parity-Check Codes with Bandwidth Efficient Modulation

In this work, we study the performance of structured Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) Codes together with bandwidth efficient modulations. We consider protograph-based LDPC codes that facilitate high-speed hardware implementations and have minimum distances that grow linearly with block sizes. We cover various higher- order modulations such as 8-PSK, 16-APSK, and 16-QAM. During demodulation, a demapper transforms the received in-phase and quadrature samples into reliability information that feeds the binary LDPC decoder. We will compare various low-complexity demappers and provide simulation results for assorted coded-modulation combinations on the additive white Gaussian noise and independent Rayleigh fading channels.

Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Optimized Auxiliary Functions for Robust Mitigation of Finite-Size Errors in Periodic Hybrid Density Functional Theory

When calculating properties of periodic systems at the thermodynamic limit (TDL), the dominant source of finite size error (FSE) arises from the long-range Coulomb interaction, and can manifest as a slowly converging quadrature error when approximating an integral in the reciprocal space by a finite sum. The singularity subtraction (SS) method offers a systematic approach for reducing this quadrature error and thus the FSE. Here, in this work, we first investigate the performance of the SS method in the simplest setting, aiming at reducing the FSE in exact exchange calculations by subtracting the Coulomb contribution with a single, adjustable Gaussian auxiliary function. We demonstrate that a simple fitting method can robustly estimate the optimal Gaussian width and leads to rapid convergence toward the TDL. Furthermore, we suggest new forms of the auxiliary function, whose optimal parameters could also be determined through least-squares fitting. For a range of semiconductors and insulators, the proposed auxiliary functions achieve robust, millihartree-level accuracy in hybrid density functional theory calculations, including cases with sparse k-meshes and large basis sets.

Quiton, Stephen Jon [University of California, Ber↗
NASA NTRS1990

Numerical experiments in geomagnetic modeling

Numerical tests were made, using least squares fitting of a spherical harmonic model, to a selection of Magsat data to determine the practical limits of this technique with modern computers. The resulting (M102189) model, whose coefficients were adjusted up to n = 50, was compared with M07AV6, a previous model which used least squares (on vector data) for coefficients up to n = 29, and Gauss-Legendre quadrature (on Z residuals) to adjust the coefficients up to n = 63. For the new least squares adjustment to n = 50 a condition number of 115 was obtained for the solution matrix, with a resulting precision of 11 significant figures. The M102189 model shows a lower and more Gaussian residual distribution than did M07AV6, though the Gaussian envelope fits to the residual distributions, even for the scalar field, gives "standard deviations' never lower than 6 nT, a factor of three higher than the estimated Magsat observational errors. Ionospheric currents are noted to have a significant effect on the coefficients of the internal potential functions.

Cain, Joseph C.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Quantum Sensing of Displacements with Stabilized Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill States

We demonstrate how recent protocols developed for the stabilization of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states can be used for the estimation of two-quadrature displacement sensing, with sensitivities approaching the multivariate quantum Cramer-Rao bound. Thanks to the stabilization, this sensor is backaction evading and can function continuously without reset, making it well suited for the detection of itinerant signals. Additionally, we provide numerical simulations showing that the protocol can unconditionally surpass the Gaussian limit of displacement sensing with prior information, even in the presence of realistic noise. Our work shows how reservoir engineering in bosonic systems can be leveraged for quantum metrology, with potential applications in force sensing, waveform estimation, and quantum channel learning.

Labarca, Lautaro [Univ. of Sherbrooke, QC (Canada)↗
DOE OSTI2023

Qubit-Oscillator Concatenated Codes: Decoding Formalism and Code Comparison

Concatenating bosonic error-correcting codes with qubit codes can substantially boost the errorcorrecting power of the original qubit codes. It is not clear how to concatenate optimally, given that there are several bosonic codes and concatenation schemes to choose from, including the recently discovered Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) – stabilizer codes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 080503 (2020)] that allow protection of a logical bosonic mode from fluctuations of the conjugate variables of the mode. We develop efficient maximum-likelihood decoders for and analyze the performance of three different concatenations of codes taken from the following set: qubit stabilizer codes, analog or Gaussian stabilizer codes, GKP codes, and GKP-stabilizer codes. We benchmark decoder performance against additive Gaussian white noise, corroborating our numerics with analytical calculations. We observe that the concatenation involving GKP-stabilizer codes outperforms the more conventional concatenation of a qubit stabilizer code with a GKP code in some cases. We also propose a GKP-stabilizer code that suppresses fluctuations in both conjugate variables without extra quadrature squeezing and formulate qudit versions of GKP-stabilizer codes.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗