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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Synthesis of high intrinsic loss power aqueous ferrofluids of iron oxide nanoparticles by citric acid-assisted hydrothermal-reduction route

Monodispersed aqueous ferrofluids of iron oxide nanoparticle were synthesized by hydrothermal-reduction route. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The results showed that certain concentrations of citric acid (CA) are required to obtain only magnetic iron oxides with mean particle sizes around 8 nm. CA acts as a modulator and reducing agent in iron oxide formation which controls nanoparticle size. The XRD, magnetic and heating measurements showed that the temperature and time of hydrothermal reaction can affect the magnetic properties of obtained ferrofluids. The synthesized ferrofluids were stable at pH 7. Their mean hydrodynamic size was around 80 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.158. The calculated intrinsic loss power (ILP) was 9.4 nHm{sup 2}/kg. So this clean and cheap route is an efficient way to synthesize high ILP aqueous ferrofluids applicable in magnetic hyperthermia. - Graphical abstract: Monodispersed aqueous ferrofluids of iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal-reduction method with citric acid as reductant which is an efficient way to synthesize aqueous ferrofluids applicable in magnetic hyperthermia. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Aqueous iron oxide ferrofluids were synthesized by hydrothermal-reduction route. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Citric acid acted as reducing agent and surfactant in the route. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This is a facile, low energy and environmental friendly route. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The aqueous iron oxide ferrofluids were monodispersed and stable at pH of 7. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The calculated intrinsic loss power of the synthesized ferrofluids was very high.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

Frequency spectrum analysis code for nuclear noise based on improved wavelet algorithm - 337

The core of the narrow flow channel generally faced the problem of local bubble boiling with the temperature rise of the nuclear fuel element, it is necessary and meaningful to answer and deal with the problem on the technical level. Reactor noise analysis begins with the study of the physical characteristics of the core, after nearly 30 years of research and development it has become a powerful tool in the auxiliary monitoring of the power reactor operating. By using this noise frequency spectrum analysis technology, the reactor dynamic parameter such as prompt neutron decay constant can be measured. Also, through such system, the frequency characteristics of reactor can be real-time monitored, which is helpful for safety operation and fault diagnosis. Spectrum analysis technology in the Fourier analysis era is now barely available, the reason is that the local spectral characteristics of this technology are not obvious, but this defect can be greatly improved by wavelet analysis technique, however, the traditional wavelet analysis will introduce the problem of spectral confusion. To solve the problem, based on the improved wavelet algorithm, frequency spectrum analysis code for nuclear noise is developed,from the perspective of fine spectral analysis, the local boiling accident of the coolant can be prejudged and avoid. Based on the analysis and test of experimental data,The results show that the calculation ability of the code is in accordance with the expected, it can be applied in the operation of research reactor. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS2003

Short-period circumnutations found in sunflower hypocotyls in satellite orbit. A reappraisal of data from Spacelab-1

We have further analysed data from an experiment performed in satellite orbit, in Spacelab-1. In micro-gravity the hypocotyls of Helianthus annuus, cv. "Teddy Bear", showed short period circumnutations (periods around 30 minutes) as well as the already reported long period nutations (with an average period of about 115 minutes). We applied various types of signal analysis (Fourier and wavelet analysis) to the data series. The long period circumnutations have a larger amplitude than the short term circumnutations. Both short and long period circumnutations exist in one and the same hypocotyl. (This is in contrast to our ground control experiments, where were found only the long-period nutations.) The period of the nutations changed throughout the experiment. These results are extending the conclusions drawn after the Spacelab experiment (Brown et al. 1990). In particular they emphasize the existence of both short- and long-period circumnutations in micro-gravity.

short duration↗
DOE OSTI2013

Numerical study of the effect of normalised window size, sampling frequency, and noise level on short time Fourier transform analysis

Photonic Doppler velocimetry, also known as heterodyne velocimetry, is a widely used optical technique that requires the analysis of frequency modulated signals. This paper describes an investigation into the errors of short time Fourier transform analysis. The number of variables requiring investigation was reduced by means of an equivalence principle. Error predictions, as the number of cycles, samples per cycle, noise level, and window type were varied, are presented. The results were found to be in good agreement with analytical models.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS1991

An upper limit for the rate coefficient of the reaction of NH2 radicals with O2 using FTIR product analysis

Fourier transform infrared spectrometry has been used to study the products of the photooxidation of ammonia in the presence of oxygen at 296 K. The data have been used to derive an upper limit of 6 x 10 exp -21/cu cm molecule s for the reaction of NH2 radicals with O2 to produce NO(x) at 296 K. This upper limit, which is three orders of magnitude lower than previous estimates based on the kinetics of NH2 loss, rules out the importance of this reaction in the atmosphere and suggests that NH2 will be oxidized by O3 or NO2. The effect on the NO(x) and N2O budgets depends critically on the products of the NH2 + O3 reaction. Simulations of the experimental product yields also allow an evaluation of possible product channels for the reaction of NH2 with HO2.

Tyndall, G. S.↗
NASA NTRS2009

Discrete Fourier Transform Analysis in a Complex Vector Space

Alternative computational strategies for the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) have been developed using analysis of geometric manifolds. This approach provides a general framework for performing DFT calculations, and suggests a more efficient implementation of the DFT for applications using iterative transform methods, particularly phase retrieval. The DFT can thus be implemented using fewer operations when compared to the usual DFT counterpart. The software decreases the run time of the DFT in certain applications such as phase retrieval that iteratively call the DFT function. The algorithm exploits a special computational approach based on analysis of the DFT as a transformation in a complex vector space. As such, this approach has the potential to realize a DFT computation that approaches N operations versus Nlog(N) operations for the equivalent Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) calculation.

Dean, Bruce H.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Fourier Analysis-Based Evolutionary Multi-Objective Multiphysics Optimization of Liquid-Cooled Heat Sinks

Optimal heat dissipation in power modules can significantly increase their power density. Removing the generated heat is critical for capturing the benefits of advanced semiconductor materials and improving the reliability of the device operation. This article proposes a design optimization method for liquid-cooled heat sinks that use a Fourier analysis-based tool and an evolutionary optimization algorithm to optimize the heat sink geometry for specified objectives. The optimized heat sink geometry is then compared with state-of-the-art solutions in literature based on finite element analysis of different designs. The proposed methodology can develop complex geometries that outperform the conventional heat sink geometries.

Sahu, Raj↗
NASA NTRS1969

Fast Fourier Transform Spectral Analysis Program

Fast Fourier Transform Spectral Analysis Program is used in frequency spectrum analysis of postflight, space vehicle telemetered trajectory data. This computer program with a digital algorithm can calculate power spectrum rms amplitudes and cross spectrum of sampled parameters at even time increments.

Daniel, J. A., Jr.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Photocatalytic activity of BiFeO{sub 3} nanoparticles synthesized through hydrothermal method

Multiferroic BiFeO{sub 3} (BFO) nanoparticles (Nps) were synthesized using hydrothermal method. From the X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), the synthesized Nps were found to having rhombohedral structure with R3c space group confirmed by Rietveld analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was carried out to identify the chemical bonds present in the BFO Nps. Photocatalytic properties of synthesized Nps were studied for the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye under visible light of 150W.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

WAS COMET C/1945 X1 (DU TOIT) A DWARF, SOHO-LIKE KREUTZ SUNGRAZER?

The goal of this investigation is to reinterpret and upgrade the astrometric and other data on comet C/1945 X1, the least prominent among the Kreutz system sungrazers discovered from the ground in the twentieth century. The central issue is to appraise the pros and cons of a possibility that this object is—despite its brightness reported at discovery—a dwarf Kreutz sungrazer. We confirm Marsden’s conclusion that C/1945 X1 has a common parent with C/1882 R1 and C/1965 S1, in line with the Sekanina and Chodas scenario of their origin in the framework of the Kreutz system’s evolution. We integrate the orbit of C/1882 R1 back to the early twelfth century and then forward to around 1945 to determine the nominal direction of the line of apsides and perform a Fourier analysis to get insight into effects of the indirect planetary perturbations. To better understand the nature of C/1945 X1, its orbital motion, fate, and role in the hierarchy of the Kreutz system, as well as to attempt detecting the comet’s possible terminal outburst shortly after perihelion and answer the question in the title of this investigation, we closely examined the relevant Boyden Observatory logbooks and identified both the photographs with the comet’s known images and nearly 20 additional patrol plates, taken both before and after perihelion, on which the comet or traces of its debris will be searched for, once the process of their digitization, currently conducted as part of the Harvard College Observatory’s DASCH Project, has been completed and the scanned copies made available to the scientific community.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1987

Particle field holography data reduction by Fourier transform analysis

The size distribution of a particle field hologram is obtained with a Fourier transformation of the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the reconstructed hologram. Off-axis absorption holograms of particle fields with known characteristics were obtained and analyzed with a commercially available instrument. The mean particle size of the reconstructed hologram was measured with an error of + or - 5 percent, while the distribution broadening was estimated within + or - 15 percent. Small sections of a pulsed laser hologram of a synthetic fuel spray were analyzed with this method thus yielding a spatially resolved size distribution. The method yields fast and accurate automated analysis of particle field holograms.

Hess, Cecil F.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Principal Component Analysis of azimuthal flow in intermediate-energy heavy-ion reactions

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) via Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of large datasets is an adaptive exploratory method to uncover natural patterns underlying the data. Several recent applications of the PCA-SVD to event-by-event single-particle azimuthal angle distribution matrices in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC-LHC energies indicate that the sine and cosine functions chosen a priori in the traditional Fourier analysis are naturally the most optimal basis for azimuthal flow studies according to the data itself. We perform PCA-SVD analyses of mid-central Au+Au collisions at $E$ $beam$ / $A$ =1.23 GeV simulated using an isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (IBUU) transport model to address the following two questions: (1) if the principal components of the covariance matrix of nucleon azimuthal angle distributions in heavy-ion reactions around 1 GeV/nucleon are naturally sine and/or cosine functions and (2) what if any advantages the PCA-SVD may have over the traditional flow analysis using the Fourier expansion for studying the EOS of dense nuclear matter. In conclusion, we find that (1) in none of our analyses the principal components come out naturally as sine and/or cosine functions, (2) while both the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the covariance matrix are appreciably EOS dependent, the PCA-SVD has no apparent advantage over the traditional Fourier analysis for studying the EOS of dense nuclear matter using the azimuthal collective flow in heavy-ion collisions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Studying fast wave propagation and absorption at any cyclotron harmonic using a 2D finite element area coordinates wave equation solver

Fourier analysis in the poloidal direction is a standard ingredient in present-day 2D wave equation solvers describing radio frequency waves in hot tokamak plasmas. Although a powerful and elegant technique, Fourier analysis has the disadvantage that a large number of modes is needed to describe the field pattern on a magnetic surface if a short wavelength mode exists on any - even very small - subpart of the particle trajectory. The present paper examines the potential of a method that does not suffer from this drawback: a finite element technique relying on simple linear or cubic area base functions that are defined on irregular elementary surfaces of triangular shape. The wave equation is solved in its weak Galerkin variational form and for realistic 2D tokamak geometry, accounting for the toroidal curvature but assuming the toroidal angle is ignorable, allowing to study the wave pattern for each of the independent toroidal modes excited by the antenna individually.The locally uniform full hot plasma dielectric tensor to all orders in finite Larmor radius was adopted. As the main intended application is the study of fast wave behavior (heating and current drive) at arbitrary harmonics, the wave vector complex amplitude appearing in the dielectric tensor is determined through a local dispersion root evaluation. High frequency fast wave propagation and damping is provided as an illustration in view of possible application of this type of current drive in future high density reactor-like tokamaks.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Monolithic Multigrid for a Reduced-Quadrature Discretization of Poroelasticity

Advanced finite-element discretizations and preconditioners for models of poroelasticity have attracted significant attention in recent years. The equations of poroelasticity offer significant challenges in both areas, due to the potentially strong coupling between unknowns in the system, saddle-point structure, and the need to account for wide ranges of parameter values, including limiting behavior such as incompressible elasticity. This paper was motivated by an attempt to develop monolithic multigrid preconditioners for the discretization developed in [C. Rodrigo et al., Comput. Methods App. Mech. Engrg, 341 (2018), pp. 467--484]; we show here why this is a difficult task and, as a result, we modify the discretization in [Rodrigo et al.] through the use of a reduced-quadrature approximation, yielding a more “solver-friendly” discretization. Local Fourier analysis is used to optimize parameters in the resulting monolithic multigrid method, allowing a fair comparison between the performance and costs of methods based on Vanka and Braess--Sarazin relaxation. Further, numerical results are presented to validate the local Fourier analysis predictions and demonstrate efficiency of the algorithms. Finally, a comparison to existing block-factorization preconditioners is also given.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1993

An introduction to wavelet analysis in oceanography and meteorology - With application to the dispersion of Yanai waves

Wavelet analysis is a relatively new technique that is an important addition to standard signal analysis methods. Unlike Fourier analysis that yields an average amplitude and phase for each harmonic in a dataset, the wavelet transform produces an instantaneous estimate or local value for the amplitude and phase of each harmonic. This allows detailed study of nonstationary spatial or time-dependent signal characteristics. The wavelet transform is discussed, examples are given, and some methods for preprocessing data for wavelet analysis are compared. By studying the dispersion of Yanai waves in a reduced gravity equatorial model, the usefulness of the transform is demonstrated. The group velocity is measured directly over a finite range of wavenumbers by examining the time evolution of the transform. The results agree well with linear theory at higher wavenumber but the measured group velocity is reduced at lower wavenumbers, possibly due to interaction with the basin boundaries.

Meyers, Steven D.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Investigation of Transitional Shock-Wave/Boundary Layer Interactions Using Direct Numerical Simulations

Interaction of a transitional boundary layer with a normal-shock is investigated using unstructured tetrahedral meshes under the numerical framework of the space-time conservation element, solution element (CESE) method. The computations mimic recent experimental efforts at the University of Tennessee Space Institute, where a Mach 2.0 flow interacts with a tall cylinder attached to a flat plate. The location of the cylinder with respect to the flat plate leading edge determines if the incoming boundary layer is laminar, transitional or fully turbulent. Four representative flow conditions exemplifying laminar and transitional boundary layers are analyzed by direct numerical simulations. Similar to what was observed in the experiments for the case of transitional interaction, the computations reveal an intermittent upstream influence (UI) shock that repeatedly travels upstream from the lambda-foot toward the leading edge before vanishing. Through detailed unsteady flow analysis obtained using Fourier analysis and dynamic mode decomposition techniques, the presence of disturbances with similar frequencies as those measured in experiments were identified in the flow along with locations that appear to influence the dynamics of the flow.

Venkatachari, Balaji Shankar↗
DOE OSTI2014

Stokes polarimetry using analysis of the nonlinear voltage-retardance relationship for liquid-crystal variable retarders

We present a method for using liquid-crystal variable retarders (LCVR’s) with continually varying voltage to measure the Stokes vector of a light beam. The LCVR's are usually employed with fixed retardance values due to the nonlinear voltage-retardance behavior that they show. The nonlinear voltage-retardance relationship is first measured and then a linear fit of the known retardance terms to the detected signal is performed. We use known waveplates (half-wave and quarter-wave) as devices to provide controlled polarization states to the Stokes polarimeter and we use the measured Stokes parameters as functions of the orientation of the axes of the waveplates as an indication of the quality of the polarimeter. Results are compared to a Fourier analysis method that does not take into account the nonlinear voltage-retardance relationship and also to a Fourier analysis method that uses experimental voltage values to give a linear retardance function with time. Also, we present results of simulations for comparison.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Two-dimensional wave-number spectral analysis techniques for phase contrast imaging turbulence imaging data on large helical device

An analysis method for unfolding the spatially resolved wave-number spectrum and phase velocity from the 2D CO{sub 2} laser phase contrast imaging system on the large helical device is described. This is based on the magnetic shear technique which identifies propagation direction from 2D spatial Fourier analysis of images detected by a 6 × 8 detector array. Because the strongest modes have wave-number at the lower end of the instrumental k range, high resolution spectral techniques are necessary to clearly resolve the propagation direction and hence the spatial distribution of fluctuations along the probing laser beam. Multiple-spatial point cross-correlation averaging is applied before calculating the spatial power spectrum. Different methods are compared, and it is found that the maximum entropy method (MEM) gives best results. The possible generation of artifacts from the over-narrowing of spectra are investigated and found not to be a significant problem. The spatial resolution Δρ (normalized radius) around the peak wave-number, for conventional Fourier analysis, is ∼0.5, making physical interpretation difficult, while for MEM, Δρ ∼ 0.1.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗