Measurements of Branching Fractions of τ Lepton Decays with one or more K^{0}_{S}
Measurements of Branching Fractions of τ Lepton Decays with one or more K^{0}_{S}
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory↗
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Search for B s 0 → γ γ and a measurement of the branching fraction for B s 0 → Φ γ
Not Available
Dutta, D.↗
Measurement of the B → Xsγ branching fraction with a sum of exclusive decays
We use 772 × 106 BB meson pairs collected at the Yð4SÞ resonance with the Belle detector to measure the branching fraction for B → Xsγ. Our measurement uses a sum-of-exclusives approach in which 38 of the hadronic final states with strangeness equal to þ1, denoted by Xs, are reconstructed. The inclusive branching fraction for MXs < 2.8 GeV=c2, which corresponds to a minimum photon energy of 1.9 GeV, is measured to be BðB¯ → XsγÞ¼ð3.51 0.17 0.33Þ × 10 -4 , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
Saito, Tomoyuki↗
Measurement of the branching fraction of B + → τ + ν τ decays with the semileptonic tagging method
This report is a measurement of the branching fraction of B + → τ + ν τ decays using a data sample of 772 × 10 6 B B ¯ pairs, collected at the Υ ( 4 S ) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider. We reconstruct the accompanying B meson in a semileptonic decay and detect the recoiling B candidate in the decay channel B + → τ + ν τ . We obtain a branching fraction of B ( B + → τ + ν τ ) = [ 1.25 ± 0.28 ( stat . ) ± 0.27 ( syst . ) ] × 10 - 4 . This result is in good agreement with previous measurements and the expectation from the calculation based on the Standard Model.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Measurement of the branching fraction and C P asymmetry in B 0 → π 0 π 0 decays, and an improved constraint on φ 2
Here, we measure the branching fraction and C P violation asymmetry in the decay B 0 → π 0 π 0 , using a data sample of 752 × 10 6 B B ¯ pairs collected at the Υ ( 4 S ) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e + e - collider. The obtained branching fraction and direct C P asymmetry are B ( B → π 0 π 0 ) = [ 1.31 ± 0.19 ( stat ) ± 0.19 ( syst ) ] × 10 - 6 and A C P = + 0.14 ± 0.36 ( stat ) ± 0.10 ( syst ) , respectively. The signal significance, including the systematic uncertainty, is 6.4 standard deviations. Furthemore, we combine these results with Belle’s earlier measurements of B 0 → π + π - and B ± → π ± π 0 to exclude the C P -violating parameter φ 2 from the range 15.5 ° < φ 2 < 75.0 ° at 95% confidence level.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Measurement of the Branching Fraction B ( Λ c + → p K - π + )
In this work, we present the first model-independent measurement of the absolute branching fraction of the Λ c + → p K - π + decay using a data sample of 978 fb - 1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider. The number of Λ c + baryons is determined by reconstructing the recoiling D ( * ) - p ¯ π + system in events of the type e + e - → D ( * ) - p ¯ π + Λ c + . Lastly, the branching fraction is measured to be B ( Λ c + → p K - π + ) = ( 6.84 ± 0.24 - 0.27 + 0.21 ) % , where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
SU-E-J-17: Intra-Fractional Prostate Movement Correction During Treatment Delivery Period for Prostate Cancer Using the Intra-Fractional Orthogonal KV-MV Image Pairs
Purpose: To evaluate the intra-fractional prostate movement range during the beam delivery and implement new IGRT method to correct the prostate movement during the hypofractionated prostate treatment delivery. Methods: To evaluate the prostate internal motion range during the beam delivery, 11 conventional treatments were utilized. Two-arc RapidArc plans were used for the treatment delivery. Orthogonal KV imaging is performed in the middle of the treatment to correct intra-fractional prostate movement. However, it takes gantry-mounted on-board imaging system relative long time to finish the orthogonal KV imaging because of gantry rotation. To avoid gantry movement and accelerate the IGRT processing time, orthogonal KV-MV image pair is tested using the OBI daily QA Cube phantom. Results: The average prostate movement between two orthogonal KV image pairs was 0.38cm (0.20cm ∼ 0.85cm). And the interval time between them was 6.71 min (4.64min ∼ 9.22 min). 2-arc beam delivery time is within 3 minutes for conventional RapidArc treatment delivery. Hypofractionated treatment or SBRT need 4 partial arc and possible non-coplanar technology, which need much longer beam delivery time. Therefore prostate movement might be larger. New orthogonal KV-MV image pair is a new method to correct the prostate movement in the middle of the beam delivery if real time tracking method is not available. Orthogonal KV-MV image pair doesn’t need gantry rotation. Images were acquired quickly which minimized possible new prostate movement. Therefore orthogonal KV-MV image pair is feasible for IGRT. Conclusion: Hypofractionated prostate treatment with less PTV margin always needs longer beam delivery time. Therefore prostate movement correction during the treatment delivery is critical. Orthogonal KV-MV imaging pair is efficient and accurate to correct the prostate movement during treatment beam delivery. Due to limited fraction number and high dose per fraction, the MV imaging dose is negligible.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
The relationship of the lunar regolith less than 10-microns fraction and agglutinates. II - Chemical composition of agglutinate glass as a test of the 'fusion of the finest fraction' /F3/ model
Agglutinate glasses from nine Apollo soils have been studied using an automated electron microprobe technique in order to test the fusion of the finest fraction model proposed by Papike (1981). The nine average agglutinate glass compositions are compared with the calculated fused-soil-free compositions, the bulk compositions and the 90-20 micron fraction compositions of the soils in which they are found. It is found that the agglutinate glass data are consistent with the composition of most of the fractions finer than 10 microns, allowing for the volatile loss of K2O and Na2O; some inconsistencies that do arise may result from the degree of soil maturity and the amount of material finer than 10 microns. It is concluded that the fusion of the finest fraction model is a good first approximation of mechanisms affecting the formation of agglutinate glass.
Walker, R. J.↗
Iron isotopic fractionation in mineral phases from Earth's lower mantle: Did terrestrial magma ocean crystallization fractionate iron isotopes?
Iron is the most abundant transition metal in the Earth's interior, yet considerable uncertainties remain as to why mantle-derived rocks have diverse iron isotopic compositions. In particular, the isotopic fractionation behavior of iron in the lower-mantle minerals bridgmanite and ferropericlase are largely unexplored. The reason is that it is challenging to study isotopic fractionation at the high pressures relevant to the deep mantle. Here we report in situ measurements of the mean force constants of iron bonds in these minerals pressurized in diamond anvil cells using the technique of nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS). We find that the transition from high- to low-spin iron in ferropericlase ((Mg 0.75 Fe 0.25 )O) at approximately 60 GPa drastically stiffens its iron bonds in the low-spin state. The mean force constant of iron bonds in both Fe-bearing and (Fe,Al)-bearing bridgmanite exhibits softening by 21% at approximately 40-60 GPa, which seems to be associated with changes in the iron local environment during the transition from low to high quadrupole splitting states. These results indicate that in the lower mantle, low-spin ferropericlase is enriched in heavy iron isotopes relative to bridgmanite and metallic iron by +0.15 parts per thousand and +0.12 parts per thousand, respectively. Based on these results, we investigate whether terrestrial magma ocean crystallization could have fractionated iron isotopes. We conclude that this process cannot be responsible for the heavy iron isotope enrichment measured in terrestrial basalts.
58 GEOSCIENCES↗
Measurement of branching fraction and search for C P violation in B → ϕ ϕ K
Not Available
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Mercury Stable Isotope Fractionation During Coal Combustion in Coal-Fired Boilers: Reconciling Atmospheric Hg Isotope Observations with Hg Isotope Fractionation Theory
Mercury (Hg) stable isotope is a useful tool to understand the transformation of atmospheric Hg. The observation on the enrichment of heavier isotopes in gaseous elemental Hg (GEM) relative to oxidized Hg{sup II} species in atmosphere cannot be convincingly explained by isotope fractionation of Hg redox processes. This review shows that the large Hg isotope mass dependent fractionation (MDF) in coal-fired boilers is one of the underlying reasons. The reported Hg isotope data of feed coals and their combustion products are first summarized to give a general overview of how Hg isotopes fractionate before Hg discharge from coal-fired boilers. Then, predictive MDF models are discussed to simulate δ{sup 202}Hg values of different Hg species in coal combustion flue gases. The discharged GEM is predicted to have the highest δ{sup 202}Hg followed by gaseous Hg{sup II} and particulate-bound Hg{sup II}, which is in consistent with the observed MDF pattern of atmospheric Hg species.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
LMI stability conditions and stabilization of fractional-order systems with poly-topic and two-norm bounded uncertainties for fractional-order α: the 1 < α < 2 case
This article addresses the problem of robust stability and stabilization for linear fractional-order system with poly-topic and two-norm bounded uncertainties, and focuses particularly on the case of a fractional order α such that 1 < α < 2. First, the robust asymptotical stable condition is presented. Second, the design method of the state feedback controller for asymptotically stabilizing such uncertain fractional order systems is derived. In the proposed approach, linear matrix inequalities formalism is used to check and design. Lastly, two simulation examples are given to validate the proposed theoretical results.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Two new fractional derivatives of variable order with non-singular kernel and fractional differential equation
In this paper, we introduce two new fractional derivatives with non-singular kernel and present a series of other fractional derivatives derived from the new formulations. We present some important results on uniformly convergent sequences of continuous functions with the help of the comparison principle and other results that allow the study of the limitation of the fractional nonlinear differential equation.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Quantitative characterization of the aqueous fraction from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae
Not Available
Maddi, Balakrishna↗
Hydrogen isotope fractionation in the system brucite-water ± NaCl to elevated temperatures and pressures: Implications for the isotopic property of NaCl fluids under geologic conditions
According to the article, a series of hydrothermal experiments have been conducted to determine equilibrium D/H fractionations between brucite and water as a function of temperature (200-600 °C), pressure (2.1-800 MPa), and dissolved NaCl (0-5 molal or 0-22.6 wt%). Along with our previous study, a total of 39 data points show that pressure and dissolved NaCl both increase the D/H fractionation factor at a given temperature. Theoretical treatment allowed a first direct comparison of experimental and theoretical results of brucite-water D/H fractionation at a zero pressure limit. After correcting the pressure effects on brucite D/H partition function ratios (β-factor), the isotope effects of pressure and dissolved NaCl on the D/H β-factor of water were for the first time rigorously evaluated. There is a good linear relationship between the D/H β-factor of the aqueous NaCl solutions and their densities of at a given temperature. A good, pseudo-linear relationship observed between the density of aqueous NaCl solutions and the maximum intensity of the asymmetric OH vibrational frequency of water in turn suggests that this frequency is a fundamental property that determines the β-factor of water at elevated temperatures and pressures. Our study suggests that the density of aqueous solutions (ρ aq-soln ) could be used as a primary parameter to predict the effects of pressure and NaCl compositions on the β-factor of water under geologic conditions encountered in the crust and upper mantle:Δ10 3 1n β wat /Δρ aq-soln = -0.0111 (±0.0012), where Δ is a difference in the value of 10 3 In β wat or ρ aq-soln , and ρ aq-soln in kg m -3 .
bio-inspired, mechanical behavior, carbon sequestr↗
Flow Loop Study of ECT-Based Volume Fraction Monitoring in Oil–Water Two-Phase Flows
Measurement of phase volume fractions in water-containing multiphase flows is necessary for the optimization of a host of industrial flow processes. Many water-containing multiphase flows can be classified as either water-dispersed or water-continuous mixtures. A recently developed approach based on Hanai’s mixture formula and utilizing electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) sensors have shown good potential for obtaining water volume fraction estimates in two-phase water-containing flows with different water salinity levels. However, the proposed approach was investigated via controlled experiments restricted to static configurations while, in practice, multiphase flows can be dynamic and unpredictable. In this work, we perform a flow loop study of the proposed ECT-based method for volume fraction estimation in oil–water two-phase flows. Here, we evaluate the performance of the proposed method in both water-dispersed and water-continuous flow regimes by employing different types of capacitive sensors in cylindrical arrangements and parallel-plate rectangular arrangements.
02 PETROLEUM↗