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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Design of a Level-1 Long-Lived Particle Trigger in the CMS Hadron Calorimeter

The Hadron Calorimeter (HCAL) in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was recently upgraded for Run 3 to introduce depth segmentation and online timing measurements, expanding the physics capabilities. In particular, the augmentation of the calorimeter information at the hardware trigger level enables quick identification and recording of long-lived particle decays using lower thresholds on energy-based event quantities. The depth segmentation and online timing capabilities are utilized in novel HCAL-based hardware-level triggers to identify displaced and delayed long-lived particles (LLPs), either decaying inside the calorimeter volume or arriving at a delayed time. This increases the sensitivity to LLP decays occurring up to almost 6 m from the collision point. This two-pronged calorimeter trigger approach leverages the new capabilities of the CMS HCAL to expand the phase space accessible in ongoing LLP searches. These triggers were deployed for Run 3 of the LHC, beginning data-taking in 2022, and we review the trigger implementation and calibration.

Kopp, Gillian Baron [Princeton University, NJ (Uni↗
DOE OSTI2026

Identifying neutron sources using recoil and time-of-flight spectroscopy

Identification of neutron sources is central to nuclear physics and its applications, from planetary science to nuclear security, yet direct source discrimination from measured neutron spectra remains fundamentally elusive. Here, we introduce a Bayesian protocol that directly infers source ensembles from measured neutron spectra by combining full-spectrum template matching with probabilistic evidence evaluation. Applying this protocol to recoil and time-of-flight spectroscopy, we recover single- and two-source configurations with strong statistical significance (beyond 4⁢𝜎) at event counts as low as ∼10 3 . These results demonstrate that neutron spectral signatures can be leveraged for robust source identification, opening a new observational window for both fundamental research and operationally driven applications.

neutron physics↗
DOE OSTI2025

The SHMS 11 GeV/c spectrometer in Hall C at Jefferson Lab

The Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) has been built for Hall C at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab). With a momentum capability reaching 11 GeV/ c , the SHMS provides measurements of charged particles produced in electron-scattering experiments using the maximum available beam energy from the upgraded Jefferson Lab accelerator. The SHMS is an ion-optics magnetic spectrometer comprised of a series of new superconducting magnets which transport charged particles through an array of triggering, tracking, and particle-identification detectors that measure momentum, energy, angle and position in order to allow kinematic reconstruction of the events back to their origin at the scattering target. The detector system is protected from background radiation by a sophisticated shielding enclosure. The entire spectrometer is mounted on a rotating support structure which permits measurements to be taken with a large acceptance over laboratory scattering angles from 5.5° to 40°, thus allowing a wide range of low cross-section experiments to be conducted. Finally, these experiments complement and extend the previous Hall C research program to higher energies.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Evaluation of Properties for Microsample Identification

A study was conducted to determine if individual particle characteristics could be used to identify particles of interest, sub-samples, from bulk post-detonation debris. Three archived post-detonation debris samples were used for this effort. Particles from these samples were identified as active (produced fission tracks), and inactive (did not produce fission tracks), as the first defining characteristic. Morphology was the secondary characteristic to select particles for further study, i.e. spherical/non-spherical. Once particles were identified and isolated, they were characterized by optical microscopy for size in µm, number of fission tracks, morphology, transmitted light color, and reflected light color. Particles were then analyzed by scanning electron microscopy for morphology, elemental content, and compound identification. Raman spectroscopy was attempted on five particles with indeterminate results due to environmental mixing (heterogeneity) during the events of particle formation. Once all non-destructive analyses were completed all particles were analyzed by thermal ionization mass spectrometry to determine isotopic atom percents of plutonium and uranium, and an estimate of atoms of plutonium and uranium in each particle. An estimate of the ratio of uranium to plutonium was also obtained (U/Pu). Data analytics of the data from the particles showed that combining characteristics of the particles have a high probability of identifying particles of interest from bulk post-detonation debris samples. Please note that this version of the report is an abridged version of the full report (Wagnon et al. 2025) that has been edited to be appropriate for public release.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2025

Physics prospects with MeV neutrino-argon charged current interactions using enhanced photon detection in future LArTPCs

Here, we investigate MeV-scale electron neutrino charged current interactions in a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with an enhanced photon detection system. Using simulations of deposited energy in charge and light calorimetry, we explore the potential for dual calorimetric neutrino energy reconstruction. We found energy reconstruction based on light-only calorimetry has a better resolution than combined charge and light calorimetry when hadrons are produced in these events. Meanwhile, enhanced light detection offers improved nanosecond timing resolution and broad optical coverage, enabling neutron tagging and identification of delayed low-energy gamma emissions. These advancements open new avenues in low-energy neutrino physics in next-generation LArTPCs.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

ArCS: A Magnetized LArTPC in a Test Beam

Over the past few decades, Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) have emerged as a central technology for rare-event detection, due to their calorimetric and imaging capabilities. Adding a magnetic field to LArTPCs would enable charge identification and momentum measurements via curvature. For neutrino experiments, this is crucial for wrong-sign neutrino rejection, electron/positron and electron/photon discrimination, and improved momentum reconstruction. The ArCS (Argon detector with Charge Separation) experiment at Fermilab's Test Beam Facility will place a 47 40 90 cm LArTPC inside a 0.7 T magnet to: (i) establish charge sign discrimination for electrons and positrons, (ii) reconstruct particle momenta via curvature, and (iii) determine the minimal magnetic field needed for these measurements. This poster will present the project status, with updates on installation and simulations of expected performance.

Cicogna, Giulia [Bologna U.]↗
DOE OSTI2026

Improving ICARUS track reconstruction algorithms

The ICARUS experiment is part of the Short-Baseline Neutrino program at Fermilab. Its primary objective is to explore the possible existence of sterile neutrinos in the O(1 eV) mass range and to clarify the anomalies observed in the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector and MiniBooNE experiments. The ICARUS-T600 detector is a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber, capable of producing high-resolution 3D images and precise calorimetric measurements of ionizing particles. This technology allows for a detailed study of neutrino interactions across a broad energy range, from a few keV to several hundred GeV. The track reconstruction is achieved through a software framework that applies a series of pattern recognition algorithms, transforming raw detector signals into fully reconstructed event topologies. This process involves identifying interaction vertices, particle tracks, and electromagnetic showers within the TPC. However, in certain cases, these algorithms may mistakenly break a single particle track into several shorter segments, interpreting each as a distinct particle. Since track length is used to estimate the particle's energy, such fragmentation can result in an energy underestimation of several hundred MeV. Furthermore, when a track is split into multiple segments, the particle identification (which relies on analyzing the energy loss as a function of the residual range) may fail, potentially leading to the loss of the entire event. To mitigate this problem, we have developed a dedicated algorithm designed to identify and reconnect (“stitch”) the tracks that were erroneously divided into multiple segments.

Ricci, Alessandro Maria [Pisa U.; INFN, Pisa] (ORC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measurements of attenuation and scattering properties of water-based liquid scintillator

Water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) is a hybrid detector medium which has been proposed as a fill material for future large-volume rare event searches, including ν − detectors. This family of scintillating suspensions promises waterlike attenuation and scattering behavior, while offering scintillation light yield for sub-Cherenkov-threshold events. These features may allow for improved vertex and energy resolution, and concomitant improvements in background rejection and particle identification. While subscale measurements of light yield, timing and pulse-shape have been performed in several WbLS formulations, detailed measurements of the attenuation and scattering properties of WbLS remain a critical, unresolved step along the pathway to deployment. In pursuit of a better understanding of these parameters, a “long-arm” attenuation and scattering instrument has been developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, dubbed LASE (Livermore Attenuation and Scattering Experiment). Optical property measurements have been performed using LASE in DI water, Gd-water, WbLS and Gd-WbLS. Measurements of the optical properties of WbLS (1% LAB-PPO scintillator) provided by Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrate an attenuation minimum of 4.87 × 10 − 4 ± 1.42 × 10 − 4 cm − 1 at 450 nm, while Gd-loaded WbLS (1% LAB-PPO scintillator, 0.1% Gd) demonstrated a minimum attenuation coefficient of 4.77 × 10 − 4 ± 1.27 × 10 − 4 cm − 1 at the same wavelength. Measurements of scattering in WbLS show a scattering coefficient of 3.39 × 10 − 4 ± 1.98 × 10 − 5 cm − 1 at the 450 nm attenuation minimum, while Gd-WbLS has a scattering coefficient of 2.8 × 10 − 4 ± 1.63 × 10 − 5 cm − 1 at that wavelength. These scattering and attenuation coefficients are significantly larger than measured for DI water at similar wavelengths ( 8.8 × 10 − 5 cm − 1 ± 3.8 × 10 − 5 attenuation at 430 nm, 2.2 × 10 − 5 ± 1.28 × 10 − 6 cm − 1 scattering). Though the WbLS attenuation and scattering coefficients measured are lower than the corresponding values published for ultrapure oils and LAB-PPO liquid scintillator, the material tested attenuates significantly more than water across the blue and green portions of the visible spectrum. This attenuation is markedly stronger at wavelengths under 430 nm. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2025

CUPID, the Cuore upgrade with particle identification

CUPID, the CUORE Upgrade with Particle Identification, is a next-generation experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0 νββ ) and other rare events using enriched Li 2 100 MoO 4 scintillating bolometers. It will be hosted by the CUORE cryostat located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. The main physics goal of CUPID is to search for 0 νββ of 100 Mo with a discovery sensitivity covering the full neutrino mass regime in the inverted ordering scenario, as well as the portion of the normal ordering regime with lightest neutrino mass larger than 10 meV. With a conservative background index of 10 −4 cts/(keV·kg·yr), 240 kg isotope mass, 5 keV FWHM energy resolution at 3 MeV and 10 live-years of data taking, CUPID will have a 90% C.L. half-life exclusion sensitivity of 1.8 · 10 27 yr, corresponding to an effective Majorana neutrino mass ( m ββ ) sensitivity of 9–15 meV, and a 3σ discovery sensitivity of 1 · 10 27 yr, corresponding to an m ββ range of 12–21 meV.

Alfonso, K. [Virginia Polytechnic Institute and St↗
DOE OSTI2026

Improving MicroBooNE's Inclusive Single-Photon Search with Low-Energy Hadronic Identification

This analysis aims to further investigate MicroBooNE’s inclusive single-photon search results, which reported a 2.2$\sigma$ excess below 600 MeV in shower energy for events with no reconstructed protons using roughly half of MicroBooNE's dataset. Taken together with MiniBooNE’s long-standing low-energy excess and MicroBooNE’s recent electron-like search results showing no observable excess with respect to Standard Model predictions, this result provides strong impetus for expanded exploration of the single-photon channel in Fermilab’s short-baseline liquid-argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) experiments. By identifying and classifying isolated MeV-scale energy depositions, or blips, in the vicinity of single-photon events selected by the Wire-Cell reconstruction framework, we establish a more comprehensive labeling scheme for nearby hadronic content. In particular, blips found backwards along the shower axis indicate the presence of previously-unidentified final-state protons, while elevated blip counts at wide angles signal the presence of final-state neutrons. By applying this new technique to its full dataset, MicroBooNE will perform a purer and higher-statistics test of the truly isolated nature of its modest photon-like excess, furthering its hunt for the presence of unexpected new physics beyond the Standard Model.

Andrade Aldana, Diego [Los Alamos; IIT, Chicago (m↗
DOE OSTI2024

Underlying-event studies with strange hadrons in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Properties of the underlying-event in pp interactions are investigated primarily via the strange hadrons $K^0_S$, $\Lambda$, and $\bar\Lambda$, as reconstructed using the ATLAS detector at the LHC in minimum-bias pp collision data at √s = 13 TeV. The hadrons are reconstructed via the identification of the displaced two-particle vertices corresponding to the decay modes $K^0_S$ → π⁺π⁻, Λ → π⁻p and $\bar\Lambda$ → $\pi^+\overline{p}$. These are used in the construction of underlying-event observables in azimuthal regions computed relative to the leading charged-particle jet in the event. None of the hadronisation and underlying-event physics models considered can describe the data over the full kinematic range considered. Events with a leading charged-particle jet in the range of 10 < p T ≤ 40 GeV are studied using the number of prompt charged particles in the transverse region. The ratio N(Λ + $\bar\Lambda$/N($K^0_S$) as a function of the number of such charged particles varies only slightly over this range. This disagrees with the expectations of some of the considered Monte Carlo models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Co-Occurring Atmospheric Features and Their Contributions to Precipitation Extremes

Object-based identification algorithms for atmospheric features are commonly utilized to attribute global precipitation. This study employs a systematic approach to examine feature co-occurrences and their relationships to mean and extreme precipitation. Four features are identified using existing data sets for atmospheric rivers (ARs), mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), low-pressure systems (LPSs), and fronts (FTs). Often, a single atmospheric phenomenon satisfies the criteria set by multiple feature identification algorithms, yielding an association between precipitation and multiple features. Over the extra-tropics, the number of features attributed to a single event typically increases with precipitation intensity. Over two-thirds of the precipitation is from co-occurring features, with a considerable fraction related to AR-FT co-occurrences. Over the tropics, about one-quarter of precipitation is associated with co-occurring features, with LPS-MCS co-occurrences contributing substantially in monsoon regions. MCSs are the leading single-feature contributors over tropical land and oceans. In the extra-tropics, FTs, ARs, and their co-occurrences account for over half of the total precipitation over oceans. AR-FT-MCS and FT-MCS co-occurrences contribute to extremes (precipitation exceeding the 95th percentile) over both oceans (over 30%) and land (over 20%). Any combination of features involving MCSs shows a larger contribution to high percentiles of precipitation intensity. A case analysis indicates that AR-FT-MCS co-occurrences exhibit convective instability and deep vertical motion, suggesting that the feature trackers and reanalysis are capturing physics relevant to both convective and frontal systems. The results here emphasize the need for simultaneous identifications of multiple features when attributing precipitation to atmospheric phenomena.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Deployment of Water-based Liquid Scintillator in the Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment

The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is a 26-ton water Cherenkov neutrino detector installed on the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. Its main physics goals are to perform a measurement of the neutron yield from neutrino-nucleus interactions, as well as a measurement of the charged-current cross section of muon neutrinos. An equally important focus is the research and development of new detector technologies and target media. Specifically, water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) is of interest as a novel detector medium, as it allows for the simultaneous detection of Cherenkov light and scintillation. This paper presents the deployment of a 366 L WbLS vessel in ANNIE in March 2023 and the subsequent detection of both Cherenkov light and scintillation from the WbLS. Finally, this proof-of-concept allows for the future development of reconstruction and particle identification algorithms in ANNIE, as well as dedicated analyses within the WbLS volume, such as the search for neutral-current events and the hadronic scintillation component.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2026

COMPASS-FME Terrestrial Ecosystem Manipulation to Probe the Effects of Storm Treatments (TEMPEST) Experiment Level 2 Sensor Data v2-1

This is the version v2-1 Level 2 (L2) data release for COMPASS-FME environmental sensors located at our Terrestrial Ecosystem Manipulation to Probe the Effects of Storm Treatments (TEMPEST) experimental site. This manipulative, ecosystem-scale TEMPEST experiment addresses the potential for freshwater and estuarine-water disturbance events to alter tree function, species composition, and ecosystem processes in a deciduous coastal forest in MD, USA. The experiment uses a large-unit (2000 m2), un-replicated experimental design, with three 50 m × 40 m plots serving as control, freshwater, and estuarine-water treatments. Level 2 (L2) data consist of sensor observations from the COMPASS-FME synoptic sites, TEMPEST, and DELUGE. Compared to the L1 data, these are more consistent (always 15-minute timestamps for the entire year); better QA/QC’d (out of bounds, out of service, and extreme outlier values are removed); and more complete, with a gap-filled time series available alongside the main observations, and additional derived (calculated) variables. L2 data are intended to be rapidly and easily usable in analyses and simulations. However, algorithmic outlier identification always carries the risk of removing valid data, and Level 1 data may be more suitable for analyses that focus on variability or extreme events. This dataset includes: - An overall dataset README file that describes the current version, gives citation and contact information, etc. - Site- and year-specific folders, each holding variable-specific Parquet (a high performance, space efficient format; see https://parquet.apache.org) data files for each site and plot in that year. - Metadata files within each site-year folder provide full information on data units, expected ranges, contact information, detailed flood times, as well as a general description of the site. - Environmental sensor types that appear in the data files include weather (ClimaVUE50, CS, RM Young, and LI instruments in the graphs below); soil conditions (TEROS12); soil redox state (Redox); groundwater variables (AquaTROLL200 and AquaTROLL600); open water sondes (Exo); tree sap velocity (Sapflow); and system voltage and state (Datalogger). Data are reported every 15 minutes. Please see v2-1 TEMPEST L2 Sensor Package Quick Start.pdf for detailed information on data package structure, temporal coverage, and versioning. Data files are in Apache Parquet, a high performance, space efficient format for tabular data. These files can be read using R's `arrow` package (https://arrow.apache.org/docs/r/), with similar tools available in other languages. The TEMPEST flood events occurred on the following dates. They lasted for ~10 hours each day and delivered ~80,000 gallons to each plot; many data streams are available at 1 or 5 minute frequency during these periods. * Tests: Aug 25 (fresh plot) and Sep 9 (salt plot), 2021 * TEMPEST 1: June 22, 2022 * TEMPEST 2: June 6-7, 2023 * TEMPEST 3: June 11-13, 2024

EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATU↗
DOE OSTI2026

Employing Machine Learning for New Particle Formation Identification and Mechanistic Analysis: Insights From a Six‐Year Observational Study in the Southern Great Plains

We present a supervised machine learning (ML) framework to automatically identify new particle formation (NPF) events and analyze key atmospheric factors associated with their occurrence and growth. We applied ML to detect NPF events using start time and particle concentrations across size ranges, while identifying atmospheric variables including ambient temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation intensity (SRI), wind speed, wind direction, boundary layer height, total organics, sulfate, nitrate, total surface area concentration, sulfur dioxide, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). We analyzed a 6-year data set from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) site in Oklahoma, USA. Using long-term ground-based measurements, we identified NPF events and applied Random Forest Classifiers, which achieved 90%–95% prediction accuracy. Feature importance analysis highlighted SRI, relative humidity, and ambient temperature as the most influential variables, contributing normalized importances of 28%, 17%, and 10%. Partial Dependence Plots (PDPs) indicated that higher SRI and lower relative humidity were critical in promoting NPF formation at SGP. Seasonally, NPF events were more frequent in winter (42.1%) and spring (35.5%), and least in summer (4.0%). Particle growth rates also exhibited a seasonal variation, with the lowest in winter (below 2 nm hr −1 ) and highest in late spring and early summer (exceeding 5 nm hr −1 ). Temperature, turbulent kinetic energy, and aerosol properties were the primary factors of growth rate variability. This study advances predictive modeling of NPF, offers insights for future campaign deployments, and demonstrates the effectiveness of ML in understanding the formation and growth of atmospheric aerosols.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Near Detector Selection for Neutral Current Disappearance Search at the Short-Baseline Neutrino Program

Various short baseline neutrino experiments observe anomalies that challenge the three-flavor neutrino oscillation model, consistent with a hypothetical “sterile” neutrino that does not interact via the weak force. This poster presents a near detector event selection at the Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND), developed for the first search for neutral current (NC) disappearance at short-baseline experiments. NC disappearance provides ``smoking gun” insight into the sterile neutrino question because NC interactions are equally sensitive to all three active neutrinos, meaning any change in the NC interaction rate between near and far detectors cannot be explained by oscillations among known flavor states. This analysis focuses on the NC1p topology, the most common NC interaction type at the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program. NC topologies are inherently challenging due to their low light yield and the absence of an outgoing charged lepton, which complicates identification and leads to poor energy reconstruction as the outgoing neutrino carries away a large portion of the neutrino’s initial energy. This work presents an NC1p event selection at the near detector, highlighting SBND’s impressive detector capabilities, including trigger efficiency studies. Combined with a novel kinematic energy reconstruction technique leveraging the detector’s outstanding hadronic detail, this analysis establishes a robust near detector foundation to target an NC disappearance measurement consistent with the 3$+$1 sterile neutrino model. This SBND selection will soon be combined with the far detector to conduct an NC disappearance search, providing unique insight and complementary information to traditional charged current searches and advancing the SBN Program’s goal to resolve the sterile neutrino question, including 3$+$1 searches and beyond.

Nicole Pallat, Nicole Pallat [Minnesota U.] (ORCID↗
DOE OSTI2026

Continuing Analysis of Charge Current Interactions in ANNIE

The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is a gadolinium-loaded water Cherenkov detector on the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB).Using νμ in the energy range of 500 to 1000 MeV, ANNIE is designed to measure final-state neutrons.In this poster we will cover the ongoing analysis work exploring Charged-Current neutrino interactions. Charged-Current (CC) νμ interactions in this regime have uncertainties in the relative contributions of quasielastic and res- onance production. Together with intranuclear final-state interactions (FSI) and missing hadronic energy, these interactions drive important biases in neutrino energy reconstruction. ANNIE mit- igates these effects by combining muon kinematics from the downstream Muon Range Detector (MRD) with neutron identification via delayed gamma cascades from thermal captures on gadolin- ium. We characterize CC0π and Δ samples by measuring neutron multiplicity versus event topology and reconstructed kinematics, comparing neutron-tagged data to interaction-model predictions to probe resonance production and pion FSI/absorption

Fleming, Dylon [UC, Davis; Fermilab] (ORCID:000000↗
DOE OSTI2025

TPCpp-10M: Simulated proton-proton collisions in a time projection chamber for AI foundation models

Scientific foundation models hold great promise for advancing nuclear and particle physics by improving analysis precision and accelerating discovery. Yet, progress in this field is often limited by the lack of openly available large scale datasets, as well as standardized evaluation tasks and metrics. Furthermore, the specialized knowledge and software typically required to process particle physics data pose significant barriers to interdisciplinary collaboration with the broader machine learning community. This work introduces a large, openly accessible dataset of 10 million simulated proton-proton collisions, designed to support self-supervised training of foundation models. To facilitate ease of use, the dataset is provided in a common NumPy format. In addition, it includes 70,000 labeled examples spanning three well defined downstream tasks: track finding, particle identification, and noise tagging, to enable systematic evaluation of the foundation model's adaptability. The simulated data are generated using the Pythia Monte Carlo event generator at a center of mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV and processed with Geant4 to include realistic detector conditions and signal emulation in the sPHENIX Time Projection Chamber at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, located at Brookhaven National Laboratory. This dataset resource establishes a common ground for interdisciplinary research, enabling machine learning scientists and physicists alike to explore scaling behaviors, assess transferability, and accelerate progress toward foundation models in nuclear and high energy physics. The complete simulation and reconstruction chain is reproducible with the sPHENIX software stack. All data and code locations are provided under Data Accessibility.

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics↗