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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Detecting ecological signatures of long-term human activity across an elevational gradient in the Šumava Mountains, Central Europe

Central European mountains, including the Šumava Mountains located along the Czechia/Germany border, have a long and rich anthropogenic history. Yet, documenting prehistoric human impact in Central European mountain environments remains a challenge because of the need to disentangle climate and human-caused responses in terrestrial systems. Here, we present the first reconstructed water table depths (WTDs) from two sites, Pěkná and Blatenská slať, located in the Šumava Mountains. We compare these local WTD records with new and published pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), plant macrofossils, geochemistry and archeological records to investigate how changes in local hydrology and human activities impacted forest succession and fire activity throughout the Holocene across an elevational gradient. Using a generalized additive model, our results suggest that changes in forest succession and fire activity have been primarily caused by climate throughout the Holocene. However, humans have been utilizing mountain environments and their resources continuously since ∼4600 cal yr BP, thus playing a secondary role in modifying forest succession to increase resources beneficial to both humans and grazers. Over the last 1000 years, we provide evidence of directly observed human-caused modifications to the landscape. These results contribute to a growing body of literature illustrating human activities and landscape modifications in Central European mountains.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Subdecadal Holocene Warm-Season Temperature Variability in Central Europe Recorded by Biochemical Varves

Paleoclimate data provide important information about the character of natural climate variability. However, records with sufficient length and resolution to resolve high-frequency (decadal-scale) variability across the Holocene are scarce. We present a 10,800-year reconstruction of spring and summer temperature at three-year resolution based on biochemical varves from Lake $\dot{Z}abi$$\acute{n}skie$, Poland. The reconstruction is based on Ca/Ti ratio, which are significantly correlated with instrumental spring and summer temperature spanning 240 years. Major climate events of the Holocene period are represented in the reconstruction, including the Holocene Thermal Maximum, 8.2 ka Event, Medieval Climate Anomaly, and Little Ice Age. A low-frequency 8,000-year decreasing trend in warm-season temperatures is driven by declining summer insolation. Temperature variability is highest during the early Holocene, likely related to warmer and drier conditions. The rate of warming during the past 90 years is extremely unusual, if not unprecedented for the Holocene, based on our reconstruction.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Global Perspective on Supercomputer Power Provisioning: Case Studies from United States and Europe

Electrical provisioning in high performance computing is transitioning from simple nameplate Thermal Design Power (TDP) models to more nuanced approaches based on expected electrical load. This paper captures current power provisioning strategies across six international supercomputing centers and seven systems, three of which (Lumi, Summit, Sierra) were in the top 10 of the Top500 list at the time of data collection1. We present longitudinal and summary data of actual power consumption as well as a discussion of how each site approached the question of provisioning. We conclude with a discussion on future directions of hardware overprovisioning and its implications for machine and electrical utilization.

Patki, Tapasya [Lawrence Livermore National Labora↗
DOE OSTI2025

Adiabatic and radiative cooling are both important causes of aerosol activation in simulated fog events in Europe

Aerosol–fog interactions affect the visibility in, and life cycle of, fog and are difficult to represent in weather and climate models. Here we explore processes that impact the simulation of fog droplet number concentrations (N d ) at sub-kilometer scale horizontal grid resolutions in the UK Met Office Unified Model. We modify the parameterization of aerosol activation to include droplet activation by radiative cooling in addition to adiabatic cooling and determine the relative importance of the two cooling mechanisms. We further test the sensitivity of simulated N d to: (a) interception of droplets by trees and buildings, (b) overestimation of updrafts in temperature inversions (which leads to artificially high N d values), and (c) potential mechanisms for droplet deactivation due to downward fluctuations in supersaturation. We evaluate our model against observations from the ParisFog and LANFEX field campaigns, building on evaluation described in the companion paper. Including radiative cooling in the activation mechanism improves how accurately we represent the liquid water path and the vertical structure of the fog in our LANFEX case study. However, with radiative cooling, the N d are overestimated for most of the ParisFog cases and for the LANFEX case. The time-averaged overestimate exceeds a factor of three (the normalized mean bias factor exceeds 2.0) in 4 out of 11 ParisFog cases. Our sensitivity studies demonstrate how these overestimates can be mitigated. Assuming the overestimate affects both radiative and adiabatic cooling, we find that although radiative cooling is more often the dominant source, both cooling sources can sometimes dominate activation.

Ghosh, Pratapaditya [Carnegie Mellon University, P↗
NASA NTRS1974

Multidisciplinary geoscientific experiments in central Europe

The author has identified the following significant results. Studies were carried out in the fields of geology-pedology, coastal dynamics, geodesy-cartography, geography, and data processing. In geology-pedology, a comparison of ERTS image studies with extensive ground data led to a better understanding of the relationship between vegetation, soil, bedrock, and other geologic features. Findings in linear tectonics gave better insight in orogeny and ore deposit development for prospecting. Coastal studies proved the value of ERTS images for the updating of nautical charts, as well as small scale topographic maps. A plotter for large scale high speed image generation from CCT was developed.

Bannert, D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Industrial robots in Europe - market, applications and developments

Different companies involving a wide range of products and manufacturing processes were studied to define the requirements for industrial robots. A survey of all such automatic units offered on the world market was made to establish a data base. Principal applications include coating, spot welding, and loading and unloading operations.

Schraft, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Satellite triangulation in Europe from WEST and ISAGEX data

Observational data that was acquired during the West European Satellite Triangulation (WEST) program and the International Satellite Geodesy Experiment (ISAGEX) campaign was obtained for the purpose of performing a geometric solution to improve the present values of coordinates of the European stations in the OSU WN14 solutions, adding some new stations and assessing the quality of the WN14 solution with the help of the additional data available. The status of the data as received, the preprocessing required and the preliminary tests carried out for the initial screening of the data are described. The adjustment computations carried out and the results of the adjustments are discussed.

Leick, A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Europe gets aboard the Shuttle

A series of experiments directed by NASA for the European Space Agency's Spacelab are planned for early 1983. Spacelab 1 is scheduled to carry equipment for upper atmosphere research and for experiments in plasma and solar physics, medicine, and thermodynamics. Spacelab 2 will provide equipment for research in astronomy, high-energy physics, astrophysics, and solar physics. Spacelab 3 will be equipped to study materials processing in space, biological tests, and cloud physics. Spacelab is modular and reusable, with the planned life equal to 50 missions. The Space Shuttle will carry a Spacelab with scientific equipment of up to 8800 kg into orbits ranging in altitude from 160 to 1100 km and transmitting data at up to 50 Mb/s. The cost of launching a Shuttle/Spacelab mission is estimated at $28 million.

Moye, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Transport jet aircraft noise abatement in foreign countries: Growth, structure, impact. Volume 1: Europe, July 1980

The development and implementation of aircraft noise control regulations in various European states are described. The countries include the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Federal Republic of Germany, Sweden, Denmark, and the Netherlands. Topics discussed include noise monitoring, airport curfews, land use planning, and the government structure for noise regulation.

Spencer, F. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

The International Solar Polar Mission - United States and Europe plan for a new look at the sun

A three-dimensional polar orbit exploration of the sun and solar-related phenomena in the heliosphere through the International Solar Polar Mission (ISPM) is discussed. The characteristics of the out-of-the-ecliptic mission are mentioned and a detailed list of the scientific objectives is given: properties of the solar corona, the solar wind, the structure of the sun-wind interface, the heliospheric magnetic field, solar and non-solar cosmic rays, solar radio bursts and plasma waves, and the interstellar/interplanetary neutral gas and dust. Measurements of the Jovian magnetosphere during the Jupiter flyby phase and interplanetary physics investigations during the initial earth-Jupiter phase are pointed out as secondary objectives. The Nasa spacecraft with a sun-pointing despun platform on which the White Light Coronagraph/X-Ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Telescope (CXX), and the Mass Separating Ion Instrument are mounted, is detailed. The operational configuration of EASA, a spin stabilized spacecraft, is given and characteristics of special features such as the large paraboloidal high gain antenna, the radio-isotope thermoelectric generator, the radial boom and the central equipment compartment are described and shown in a diagram. The mission design and launch parameters block diagrams are given.

Purdy, W. I., Jr.↗