Scattering of electromagnetic waves on hydrodynamic pulsations of a turbulent plasma
Electromagnetic wave scattering on hydrodynamic pulsations of turbulent plasma
Makhankov, V. G.↗
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Scattering of electromagnetic waves from a turbulent plasma slab.
Scattering of electromagnetic waves from a turbulent plasma slab is studied. Part of the effects of the multiple scattering is taken into account. The reflection coefficient is found to be increased and its variation with respect to the slab thickness is smoothed out by the random scattering.
Liu, C. H.↗
Scattering of electromagnetic waves from a randomly perturbed quasiperiodic surface
Electromagnetic-wave scattering by a quasi-periodic surface with random perturbations (as in the remote sensing of plowed fields) is investigated analytically, applying the Kirchhoff approximation and modeling the plowed fields by means of Gaussian random variation, sinusoidal variation, and Gaussian random variation about the spatial frequency. Coherent and incoherent bistatic scattering coefficients are derived in closed form by evaluating the physical-optics integral and shown to be proportional, in the geometric-optics limit, to the occurrence probability of slopes which reflect the incident wave specularly in the direction of the scattered wave. Backscattering cross sections are plotted as functions of incidence angle for a number of cases, demonstrating the strong effect of row direction.
Shin, R. T.↗
Relativistic electromagnetic waves in an electron-ion plasma
High power laser beams can drive plasma particles to relativistic energies. An accurate description of strong waves requires the inclusion of ion dynamics in the analysis. The equations governing the propagation of relativistic electromagnetic waves in a cold electron-ion plasma can be reduced to two equations expressing conservation of energy-momentum of the system. The two conservation constants are functions of the plasma stream velocity, the wave velocity, the wave amplitude, and the electron-ion mass ratio. The dynamic parameter, expressing electron-ion momentum conversation in the laboratory frame, can be regarded as an adjustable quantity, a suitable choice of which will yield self-consistent solutions when other plasma parameters were specified. Circularly polarized electromagnetic waves and electrostatic plasma waves are used as illustrations.
Chian, Abraham C.-L.↗
Parametric decay of an extraordinary electromagnetic wave in relativistic plasma
Parametric instability of an extraordinary electromagnetic wave in plasma preheated to a relativistic temperature is considered. A set of self-similar nonlinear differential equations taking into account the electron “thermal” mass is derived and investigated. Small perturbations of the parameters of the heated plasma are analyzed in the linear approximation by using the dispersion relation determining the phase velocities of the fast and slow extraordinary waves. In contrast to cold plasma, the evanescence zone in the frequency range above the electron upper hybrid frequency vanishes and the asymptotes of both branches converge. Theoretical analysis of the set of nonlinear equations shows that the growth rate of decay instability increases with increasing initial temperature of plasma electrons. This result is qualitatively confirmed by numerical simulations of plasma heating by a laser pulse injected from vacuum.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Generation of electromagnetic waves in the very low frequency band by velocity gradient
It is shown that a magnetized plasma layer with a velocity gradient in the flow perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field is unstable to waves in the Very Low Frequency band that spans the ion and electron gyrofrequencies. The waves are formally electromagnetic. However, depending on wave vector k{sup ¯}=kc/ω{sub pe} (normalized by the electron skin depth) and the obliqueness, k{sub ⊥}/k{sub ||}, where k{sub ⊥,||} are wave vectors perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field, the waves are closer to electrostatic in nature when k{sup ¯}≫1 and k{sub ⊥}≫k{sub ||} and electromagnetic otherwise. Inhomogeneous transverse flows are generated in plasma that contains a static electric field perpendicular to the magnetic field, a configuration that may naturally arise in the boundary layer between plasmas of different characteristics.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Parametric study of electromagnetic waves propagating in absorbing curved S ducts
A finite-element Galerkin formulation has been developed to study attenuation of transverse magnetic (TM) waves propagating in two-dimensional S-curved ducts with absorbing walls. In the frequency range where the duct diameter and electromagnetic wave length are nearly equal, the effect of duct length, curvature (duct offset), and absorber wall thickness was examined. For a given offset in the curved duct, the length of the S-duct was found to significantly affect both the absorptive and reflective characteristics of the duct. For a straight and a curved duct with perfect electric conductor terminations, power attenuation contours were examined to determine electromagnetic wall properties associated with maximum input signal absorption. Offset of the S-duct was found to significantly affect the value of the wall permittivity associated with the optimal attenuation of the incident electromagnetic wave.
Baumeister, Kenneth J.↗
Dispersion relations for electromagnetic wave propagation in chiral plasmas
The dispersion relations for electromagnetic wave propagation in chiral plasmas are derived using a simplified method and investigated in detail. With the help of the dispersion relations for each eignwave, we explore how the chiral plasmas exhibit negative refraction and investigate the frequency region for negative refraction. The results show that chirality can induce negative refraction in plasmas. Moreover, both the degree of chirality and the external magnetic field have a significant effect on the critical frequency and the bandwidth of the frequency for negative refraction in chiral plasmas. The parameter dependence of the effects is calculated and discussed.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Electromagnetic wave propagation along a ferrite loaded wire.
Dispersion of electromagnetic wave propagating along ferrite loaded wire, calculating tuning curves and three port waveguide circulator modes
Mueller, R. S.↗
On the motion and radiation of charged particles in strong electromagnetic waves. 1 - Motion in plane and spherical waves
Motion and radiation of charged particles in strong electromagnetic waves in plane and spherical waves
Gunn, J. E.↗
Probing atmospheric water vapor profiles via multiple scattering of electromagnetic waves
A theoretical analysis on the multiple scattering of electromagnetic waves propagating in a finite inhomogeneous medium is presented and applied to the study of wave propagation in a clear atmosphere (fine weather conditions). It is shown that the analysis offers a method of synthesizing the water vapor density profile in a clear atmosphere by measuring the resultant reflections from the density profile at several different frequencies. It is also shown that the resultant reflection emerges as the consequence of multiple scattering of partial reflections from various parts of the inhomogeneous medium. The solutions of the multiple scattering approach are shown to be more accurate than those of the WKB approach, which neglects the multiple scattering effects.
Tang, C. C. H.↗
Relativistic particle motion in nonuniform electromagnetic waves
A charged particle moving in a strong nonuniform electromagnetic wave which suffers a net acceleration in the direction of the negative intensity gradient of the wave was investigated. Electrons will be expelled perpendicularly from narrow laser beams and various instabilities result.
Schmidt, G.↗
Electromagnetic Waves with Frequencies Near the Local Proton Gryofrequency: ISEF-3 1 AU Observations
Low Frequency electromagnetic waves with periods near the local proton gyrofrequency have been detected near 1 AU by the magnetometer onboard ISEE-3. For these 1 AU waves two physical processes are possible: solar wind pickup of nuetral (interstellar?) particles and generation by relativistic electron beams propagating from the Sun.
exchange interstellar ions local ion cyclotron fre↗
Loop heating by D.C. electric current and electromagnetic wave emissions simulated by 3-D EM particle zone
We have shown that a current-carrying plasma loop can be heated by magnetic pinch driven by the pressure imbalance between inside and outside the loop, using a 3-dimensional electromagnetic (EM) particle code. Both electrons and ions in the loop can be heated in the direction perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, therefore the perpendicular temperature can be increased about 10 times compared with the parallel temperature. This temperature anisotropy produced by the magnetic pinch heating can induce a plasma instability, by which high-frequency electromagnetic waves can be excited. The plasma current which is enhanced by the magnetic pinch can also excite a kinetic kink instability, which can heat ions perpendicular to the magnetic field. The heating mechanism of ions as well as the electromagnetic emission could be important for an understanding of the coronal loop heating and the electromagnetic wave emissions from active coronal regions.
Sakai, J. I.↗
Electromagnetic Waves in Cold Plasmas
A collisionless fluid model of a plasma is presented and solved to first order in the cold, high frequency limit. From this model, a homogeneous system of linear equations is obtained for a harmonic electric field perturbation from which the Appleton-Hartree equation is derived. Moreover, the polarization states of electromagnetic waves in cold, collisionless plasmas are examined. Complete sets of equations governing the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves in both non magnetized and magnetized plasmas are obtained. In solving the boundary problem, the Booker quartic is derived and the nature of its roots discussed.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
On the nonlocality of the reflection of an electromagnetic wave from a flat surface upon excitation of surface waves
Diffraction phenomena arising due to reflection of a plane electromagnetic wave from a metal film, which are caused by a limited size of the incident beam aperture, are considered in the Kretschmann scheme used to excite a surface plasmon wave. It is shown that the wave reflection occurs nonlocally, that is, the region of the surface on which the wave is incident and the region from which it is reflected do not substantially coincide. The localisation of the maximum field is investigated when a surface plasmon is excited on a silver film. The absolute values of the gain in terms of the amplitude of the field on the free surface of the film are calculated. The proposed theory is applied to explain the Goos – Hänchen effect. (integrated optics)
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Electromagnetic Waves with Frequencies near the Local Proton Gyrofrequency: ISEE-3 1 AU Observations
Low frequency (LF) electromagnetic waves with periods near the local proton gyrofrequency have been detected in interplanetary space by the magnetometer onboard ISEE-3.
electromagnetic↗
Nanofocusing of mid-infrared electromagnetic waves on graphene monolayer
Nanofocusing of mid-infrared (MIR) electromagnetic waves on graphene monolayer with gradient chemical potential is investigated with numerical simulation. On an isolated freestanding monolayer graphene sheet with spatially varied chemical potential, the focusing spot sizes of frequencies between 44 THz and 56 THz can reach around 1.6 nm and the intensity enhancement factors are between 2178 and 654. For 56 THz infrared, a group velocity as slow as 5×10{sup −5} times of the light speed in vacuum is obtained at the focusing point. When the graphene sheet is placed on top of an aluminum oxide substrate, the focusing spot size of 56 THz infrared reduces to 1.1 nm and the intensity enhancement factor is still as high as 220. This structure offers an approach for focusing light in the MIR regime beyond the diffraction limit without complicated device geometry engineering.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗