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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

Use of LARS system for the quantitative determination of smoke plume lateral diffusion coefficients from ERTS images of Virginia

A technique for measuring smoke plume of large industrial sources observed by satellite using LARSYS is proposed. A Gaussian plume model is described, integrated in the vertical, and inverted to yield a form for the lateral diffusion coefficient, Ky. Given u, wind speed; y sub l, the horizontal distance of a line of constant brightness from the plume symmetry axis a distance x sub l, downstream from reference point at x=x sub 2, y=0, then K sub y = u ((y sub 1) to the 2nd power)/2 x sub 1 1n (x sub 2/x sub 1). The technique is applied to a plume from a power plant at Chester, Virginia, imaged August 31, 1973 by LANDSAT I. The plume bends slightly to the left 4.3 km from the source and estimates yield Ky of 28 sq m/sec near the source, and 19 sq m/sec beyond the bend. Maximum ground concentrations are estimated between 32 and 64 ug/cu m. Existing meteorological data would not explain such concentrations.

Blais, R. N.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Energetic particle diffusion coefficients upstream of quasi-parallel interplanetary shocks

The properties of about 30 to 130-keV/e protons and alpha particles upstream of six quasi-parallel interplanetary shocks that passed by the ISEE 3 spacecraft during 1978-1979 were analyzed, and the values for the upstream energegic particle diffusion coefficient, kappa, in these six events were deduced for a number of energies and upstream positions. These observations were compared with predictions of Lee's (1983) theory of shock acceleration. It was found that the observations verified the prediction of the A/Q dependence (where A and Q are the particle atomic mass and ionization state, respectively) of kappa for alpha and proton particles upstream of the quasi-parallel shocks.

Tan, L. C.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Consequences of using nonlinear particle trajectories to compute spatial diffusion coefficients

The propagation of charged particles through interstellar and interplanetary space has often been described as a random process in which the particles are scattered by ambient electromagnetic turbulence. In general, this changes both the magnitude and direction of the particles' momentum. Some situations for which scattering in direction (pitch angle) is of primary interest were studied. A perturbed orbit, resonant scattering theory for pitch-angle diffusion in magnetostatic turbulence was slightly generalized and then utilized to compute the diffusion coefficient for spatial propagation parallel to the mean magnetic field, Kappa. All divergences inherent in the quasilinear formalism when the power spectrum of the fluctuation field falls off as K to the minus Q power (Q less than 2) were removed. Various methods of computing Kappa were compared and limits on the validity of the theory discussed. For Q less than 1 or 2, the various methods give roughly comparable values of Kappa, but use of perturbed orbits systematically results in a somewhat smaller Kappa than can be obtained from quasilinear theory.

Goldstein, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Photochemical stability of CO2 in the Martian atmosphere - Reevaluation of the eddy diffusion coefficient and the role of water vapor

Theoretical models of CO2 photodissociation in the atmosphere of Mars are developed and analyzed, with a focus on the conditions prevailing during the Mariner 6/7 experiments. The aeronomy of Martian CO2 is reviewed; the atomic O distribution in the upper atmosphere is characterized; the construction of the basic model is described; and simulation results are presented in extensive tables and graphs and discussed in detail. The vertical eddy-diffusion coefficient corresponding to the estimated upper-atmosphere O density (1-2 percent at 135 km) is found to be about 5 x 10 to the 7th sq cm/sec, and HO(x) is found to play a significant role in catalyzing the recombination of CO and O to form CO2. The reasons why the model overpredicts the production of HO(x) and hence of CO2 are explored.

Shimazaki, Tatsuo↗
NASA NTRS1977

Diffusion coefficients estimated from turbulence data measured by the Metrac positioning system in Minneapolis field test

An analysis is presented of the tropospheric turbulence data obtained by the Metrac positioning system, a radio location system which employs the Doppler principle to track inexpensive expendable balloon-borne transmitters. A Minneapolis field test of the Metrac system provided one-second samples of transmitter frequency from balloons tracked by four ground stations for more than an hour. The derivation of diffusion coefficients from the turbulence data was conducted by two methods, yielding highly consistent results.

Gage, K. S.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Interaction of ring current and radiation belt protons with ducted plasmaspheric hiss. 1: Diffusion coefficients and timescales

Protons that are convected into the inner magnetosphere in response to enhanced magnetic activity can resonate with ducted plasmaspheric hiss in the outer plasmasphere via an anomalous Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonance. Plasmaspheric hiss is a right-hand-polarized electromagnetic emission that is observed to fill the plasmasphere on a routine basis. When plasmaspheric hiss is confined within field-aligned ducts or guided along density gradients, wave normal angles remain largely below 45 deg. This allows resonant interactions with ions at typical ring current and radiation belt energies to take place. Such field-aligned ducts have been observed both within the plasmasphere and in regions outside of the plasmasphere. Wave intensities are estimated using statistical information from studies of detached plasma regions. Diffusion coefficients are presented for a range of L shells and proton energies for a fixed wave distribution. Harmonic resonances in the range N = +/-100 are considered in order to include interactions between hiss at 100 Hz to 2 kHz frequencies, and protons in the energy range between approximately 10 keV and 1000 keV. Diffusion timescales are estimated to be of the order of tens of days and comparable to or shorter than lifetimes for Coulomb decay and charge exchange losses over most of the energy and spatial ranges of interest.

Kozyra, J. U.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Estimating Vertical Diffusion Coefficients By Lidar

The Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Laboratory at Oak Ridge, Tennessee has been conducting routine probing of the lower troposphere and comparing the results with those obtained with turbidity photometers and a distant suspended particulate station. The change in scale height, K (sub z) divided by v (sub s), with time permits the vertical turbulence coefficient K (sub z) to be estimated if v (sub s) is known or assumed. Extremely high monthly correlations of turbidity versus the log of backscatter at 100 meters have been obtained. In addition, high correlations of suspended particulate matter at Chattanooga and Oak Ridge suggest that the bulk of particulate matter is of natural, rather than industrial, origin.

Culkowski, Walter M.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Study of diffusion coefficients of glasses under zero-G

Diffusion studies of the glass forming ion are examined in zero-g environments and diffusion data obtained from these experiments are unique because of earth based experimental problems. The choice of system for diffusion studies is discussed along with the lab processing. The space processing is described consisting of a heating cycle designed to maximize time exposed to the diffusion temperature without exposing the low viscosity melt to gravitational forces.

Kinser, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Study of diffusion coefficients of glasses under Zero-G

A diffusion experiment for glasses was formulated, such theoretical and earth bound results as were available were outlined, and the preliminary earth based experimental work in preparation for a weightless experiment was done. The fundamental premise of the work was that diffusion studies of the glass forming ion can be conducted in zero-g environments, and diffusion data obtained from these experiments are unique and valuable because of earth based experimental difficulties.

Kinser, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Low temperature diffusion coefficients in the Fe-Ni and FeNiP systems: Application to meteorite cooling rates

The interdiffusion coefficient of FeNi in fcc taenite (gamma) of Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-0.2 P alloys was measured as a function of temperature between 600 and 900 C. This temperature range is directly applicable to the nucleation and growth of the Widmanstatten pattern in iron meteorites and metal regions of stony and stony-iron meteorites. Diffusion couples were made from FeNi or FeNiP alloys which ensured that the couples were in the taenite phase at the diffusion temperature. The presence or absence of grain boundary diffusion was determined by measuring the Ni profile normal to the existing grain boundaries with the AEM. Ignoring any variation of interdiffusion coefficient with composition, the measured data was plotted versus the reciprocal of the diffusion temperature. The FeNi data generally follow the extrapolated Goldstein, et al. (1965) data from high temperatures. The FeNiP data indicates that small additions of P (0.2 wt%) cause a 3 to 10 fold increase in the FeNi interdifussion coefficient increasing with decreasing temperature. This increase is about the same as that predicted by Narayan and Goldstein (1983) at the Widmanstatten growth temperature.

Dean, D. C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Evaluation of effective eddy diffusive coefficients using radar observations of turbulence in the stratosphere

Radar observations show that thin, persistent layers of turbulence occur sporadically in the troposphere and stratosphere. Two probabilistic approaches are used to show that the vertical eddy diffusivity due to such layers is of the order of 0.2-0.3 sq m/sec in the lower stratosphere. An actual realization of turbulent layers, derived from the radar observations at Arecibo, is used in a numerical approach to obtain a profile of eddy diffusivity. It is suggested that turbulence plays a significant role in the vertical transport of trace constituents in the stratosphere.

Woodman, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Eddy diffusion coefficients and the variance of the atmosphere 30-60 km

The results of numerical models or of new observational programs are checked by comparing them with past observations. In view of the differing analysis techniques or differing data samples, the eddy diffusivities presented here agree remarkably well with past estimates. However, in the application of K-values to two-dimensional models, the actual magnitude of the diffusivities is no more important than their spatial patterns, i.e., their gradients with height and latitude. It should thus be noted that the present patterns are often much different from those of past results.

Nastrom, G. D.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Diffusion coefficients predicting facet-dependent crystallization in amorphous silicon nitride

Amorphous silicon nitride is a common material in microelectronics devices, which acts as an insulating barrier. Extended annealing times at elevated temperature can initiate crystallization of α-Si 3 ⁢ N 4 , which does not possess the same barrier properties. Molecular dynamics can resolve the fundamental mechanism for α-Si 3 ⁢N 4 crystallization and the influence of local environments. Here, we compare two interatomic potentials and conclude that these models predict structural features (e.g., angular distributions and densities) which span the range of experimental measurements. We confirmed these models reproduce experimental estimates of activation energy and leveraged these models to identify crystallization drivers. We conclude that near-T g , facet-dependent silicon nitride crystal growth rates can be predicted directly by either bulk or interfacial diffusion properties.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗