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At least 91 records · Page 5

ISGS CarbonSAFE Lively Grove Core

Computed tomography and core logging data from the Lively Grove #1 Well core drilled by the Illinois State Geological Survey in 2021 under DE-FE0031892. Data description can be found in: Crandall, D.; Paronish, T.; Mitchell, N.; Jarvis, K.; Brown, S.; Moore, J.; Gill, M.; Blakley, C.; Okwen, R.; Korose, C.; Carman, C. Computed Tomography Scanning and Petrophysical Measurements of the Lively Grove #1 Well Core; DOE/NETL-2023/3877; NETL Technical Report Series; U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory: Morgantown, WV, 2023; p 61.

CarbonSafe↗

UW Enterprises LP Well Database

Data from the UW Enterpirses LP Well described in Hu, L.; Paronish, T.; Crandall, D.; Jarvis, K.; Mitchell, N.; Brown, S.; Workman, S; Douds, A., Mastalerz, M, Computed Tomography Scanning and Geophysical Measurements of the UW Enterprises Well in Southwestern Indiana; DOE.NETL-2024.XXXX; NETL Technical Report Series; U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory: Morgantown, WV, 2024; p 49.

Core Characterization↗

CT and Geophysical Data of Clinton Sandstone Cores from Ohio

Collection of computed tomography and multi-sensor core logger data of 12 wells in Ohio that intersect the Clinton Sandstone formation. This data is described along with well information in a technical report series document: Paronish, T.; Holleran, A.; Pohl, M.; Crandall, D.; Jarvis, K.; Workman, S.; Drosche, J.; McKisic, T.; Collins, C.; Thomas, M.; McDonald, J. Computed Tomography Scanning and Geophysical Measurements of the Clinton Sandstone in Ohio; DOE.NETL-2025.4949; NETL Technical Report Series; U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, WV, 2025; p 68. https://doi.org/10.2172/2589262

AS↗

Williston Basin Carbon Ore, Rare Earths, and Critical Minerals (CORE-CM) Program

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Fossil Energy awarded 13 CORE-CM programs as part of the CORE-CM Initiative, designed to develop the technology and upstream and midstream supply chains to extract rare-earth elements (REEs) and critical minerals (CMs) from the nation’s coal supplies. The intent is to catalyze regional economic growth and job creation while strengthening the use of domestic resources. The Williston Basin CORE-CM Program aims to drive the expansion and transformation of coal and coal-based resource usage within the Williston Basin to produce REEs, CMs, and nonfuel carbon-based products (CBPs). A coalition team of nearly 30 private industry, university, and state, local, and federal government partners was formed for this task. Partners include the University of North Dakota’s Energy & Environmental Research Center, College of Engineering and Mines Research Institute, and Nistler College; North Dakota State University; Montana Tech University; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Critical Materials Institute; North Dakota Geological Survey; South Dakota Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey; North American Coal Corporation; BNI Energy; Basin Electric Power Cooperative; Minnkota Power Cooperative; and many more. This presentation will focus on the current status and results to date of the Williston Basin CORE-CM Program, with a focus on core sample characterization for REE and CM content.

Folkedahl, Bruce C.↗

Computed Tomography Scanning and Geophysical Measurements of the Clinton Formation in Ohio

Computed tomography and multi-sensor core logging of core material from twelve Ohio wells held by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey to make publicly available core information from the Early Silurian Clinton Formation in Eastern Ohio. Describes data available can be accessed from NETL’s Energy Data eXchange (EDX) online system, https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/ct-and-geophysical-data-of-ohio-clinton-sands.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

Advances in Coring Procedures of Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

We describe advances on procedures used for the coring of silicon photovoltaic modules. These procedures involve coring specific locations, starting from the back of the modules, and removing selected parts of the cell structure, while preserving the front tempered glass. The standard coring procedures had to be modified from case to case due to the different cell structures and measurement requirements. We provide examples of the characterization of the cored samples by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, we describe a simple process to create small openings at specific locations on the back of photovoltaic modules to allow for efficiency-related measurement of individual cells and groups of cells.

41 EE - Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S)↗

Computed Tomography Scanning and Geophysical Measurements of Appalachian Basin Core from the Jones and Laughlin #1 Well, Beaver County, PA

The computed tomography (CT) facilities and the Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown, West Virginia, were used to characterize Appalachian Basin core from Beaver County, Pennsylvania. The primary impetus of this work is a collaboration between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Pennsylvania Geological Survey to characterize and make publicly available core information from the Onondaga-Huntersville formations of the Appalachian Basin. This stratigraphic well and the core data produced in this report will aid in understanding the structural complexities of the Onondaga-Huntersville formations. The resultant datasets are presented in this report and can be accessed from NETL's Energy Data eXchange (EDX) online system using the following link: https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/jonesandlaughlin1well. All equipment and techniques used were non-destructive, enabling future examinations and analyses to be performed on these cores. Fractures, discontinuities, and millimeter-scale features were readily detectable with imaging performed with the NETL medical CT scanner over the entire core. Qualitative analysis of the medical CT images, coupled with X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and magnetic susceptibility measurements from the MSCL were useful in identifying zones of interest for further study. Targeted higher resolution CT scanning of select sections was performed with NETL’s micro-CT scanner. The combination of methods used provides a multiscale analysis of the core; the resulting macro and micro descriptions are relevant to many subsurface energy related examinations traditionally performed at NETL.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

Characterization and Scaling of Forced Convective Swirl in Sinusoidal Wavy-Plate-Fin Cores of Compact Heat Exchangers

The characterization and scaling of the thermal-hydraulic performance in wavy plate-fin compact heat exchanger cores, based on the understanding of the physical phenomena and heat transfer enhancement mechanism is delineated. Experimental data are presented for forced convection in air (Pr = 0.71) with flow rates in the range 50 ≤ Re ≤ 4000. A variety of wavy-fin cores that span viable applications, with geometrical attributes described by the cross section aspect ratio α (ratio of fin spacing to height), fin corrugation aspect ratio γ (ratio of 2× corrugation amplitude to wave pitch), and fin spacing ratio ζ (ratio of fin spacing to wave pitch), are considered. To characterize and correlate the vortex-flow mixing in interfin spaces, a Swirl number Sw is introduced from the balance of viscous, inertial and centrifugal forces. It is shown that the laminar, transitional and turbulent flow regimes can be explicitly identified by this Swirl number. Based on the experimental results and extended analysis, new correlations for Fanning friction factor f and Colburn factor j are developed with Sw, α, γ, and ζ as scaling parameters. Requisite expressions are devised by a superposition of both enhancement components due to the corrugated surface area enlargement and induced swirl flow field, and they are combined to cover the laminar, transitional and turbulent regimes by the method of asymptotic matching. The resulting generalized correlations are further shown to predict all available experimental data for f and j factors to within ±20% and ±15%, respectively.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Computed Tomography Scanning and Geophysical Measurements of State 16-2 Well in the Paradox Basin

The computed tomography (CT) facilities and the Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown, West Virginia, were used to characterize Paradox Basin core from Grand County, Utah. The primary impetus of this work is a collaboration between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Utah Geological Survey, the University of Utah, and Zephyr Energy to characterize and make publicly available core information from the Cane Creek interval of the Paradox Basin. This stratigraphic well and the core data produced in this report will aid in understanding the structural complexities of the Cane Creek interval and its production potential.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

Radiation characterization summary of the NETL beam port 1/5 free-field environment at the 128-inch core centerline adjacent location

The characterization of the neutron, prompt gamma-ray, and delayed gamma-ray radiation fields in the University of Texas at Austin Nuclear Engineering Teaching Laboratory (NETL) TRIGA reactor for the beam port (BP) 1/5 free-field environment at the 128-inch location adjacent to the core centerline has been accomplished. NETL is being explored as an auxiliary neutron test facility for the Sandia National Laboratories radiation effects sciences research and development campaigns. The NETL reactor is a TRIGA Mark-II pulse and steady-state, above-ground pool-type reactor. NETL is intended as a university research reactor typically used to perform irradiation experiments for students and customers, radioisotope production, as well as a training reactor. Initial criticality of the NETL TRIGA reactor was achieved on March 12, 1992, making it one of the newest test reactor facilities in the US. The neutron energy spectra, uncertainties, and covariance matrices are presented as well as a neutron fluence map of the experiment area of the cavity. For an unmoderated condition, the neutron fluence at the center of BP 1/5, at the adjacent core axial centerline, is about 8.2×10 12 n/cm 2 per MJ of reactor energy. About 67% of the neutron fluence is below 1 keV and 22% above 100 keV. The 1-MeV Damage-Equivalent Silicon (DES) fluence is roughly 1.6×10 12 n/cm 2 per MJ of reactor energy.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Methane, ethane, and propane production in Greenland ice core samples and a first isotopic characterization of excess methane

Air trapped in polar ice provides unique records of the past atmospheric composition ranging from key greenhouse gases such as methane (CH 4 ) to short-lived trace gases like ethane (C 2 H 6 ) and propane (C 3 H 8 ). Recently, the comparison of CH 4 records obtained using different extraction methods revealed disagreements in the CH 4 concentration for the last glacial in Greenland ice. Elevated methane levels were detected in dust-rich ice core sections measured discretely, pointing to a process sensitive to the melt extraction technique. To shed light on the underlying mechanism, we performed targeted experiments and analyzed samples for methane and the short-chain alkanes ethane and propane covering the time interval from 12 to 42 kyr. Here, we report our findings of these elevated alkane concentrations, which scale linearly with the amount of mineral dust within the ice samples. The alkane production happens during the melt extraction step of the classic wet-extraction technique and reaches 14 to 91 ppb of CH 4 excess in dusty ice samples. We document for the first time a co-production of excess methane, ethane, and propane, with the observed concentrations for ethane and propane exceeding their past atmospheric background at least by a factor of 10. Independent of the produced amounts, excess alkanes were produced in a fixed molar ratio of approximately 14 : 2 : 1, indicating a shared origin. The measured carbon isotopic signature of excess methane is (-47.0 ± 2.9) ‰ and its deuterium isotopic signature is (-326 ± 57) ‰. With the co-production ratios of excess alkanes and the isotopic composition of excess methane we established a fingerprint that allows us to constrain potential formation processes. This fingerprint is not in line with a microbial origin. Moreover, an adsorption–desorption process of thermogenic gas on dust particles transported to Greenland does not appear very likely. Instead, the alkane pattern appears to be indicative of abiotic decomposition of organic matter as found in soils and plant leaves.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Disentangling core and edge mechanisms of the density limit in DIII-D negative triangularity plasmas

The density limit is investigated in the DIII-D negative triangularity plasmas which lack a standard H-mode edge. We find the limit may not be a singular disruptive boundary but a multifaceted density saturation phenomenon governed by distinct core and edge transport mechanisms. Sustained, non-disruptive operation is achieved at densities up to 1.8 times the Greenwald limit ($n_\mathrm{G}$) until the termination of auxiliary heating. Systematic power scans show distinct power scalings for the core ($n_e \propto P_\mathrm{SOL}^{0.27\pm0.03}$) and edge ($n_e \propto P_\mathrm{SOL}^{0.42\pm0.04}$) density limits. The edge density saturation is triggered by the onset of a non-disruptive, high-field side radiation front and the associated cooling, which clamps the edge density below . In contrast, the core density continues to rise until it saturates, a state characterized by enhanced core turbulence. Core transport evolves from a diffusive to an intermittent, avalanche-like state, as indicated by heavy-tailed probability density functions (kurtosis ≈ 6), increased Hurst exponents, and a $1/f$-type power spectrum. These findings suggest that the density limit in the low-confinement regime is determined by a combination of edge radiative cooling and core turbulent transport. This distinction provides separate targets for control strategies aimed at extending the operational space of future fusion devices.

density limit↗

New bipolar host materials for high power efficiency green thermally activated delayed fluorescence $\mathrm{OLEDs}$

We report four bipolar molecules, namely m-CzPym, p-CzPym, m-CzTrz, and p-CzTrz, with carbazole (Cz) donor and a benzonitrile-substituted pyrimidine (Pym) or triazine (Trz) acceptor core were synthesized and characterized. The electron deficiency of heteroaryl cores together with the substitution pattern of benzonitrile were employed to tune the energy levels as well as the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics. The four molecules exhibited TADF behavior with inferior photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQYs) that limit their applications as emitters. These bipolar molecules were employed as TADF host materials for the benchmark TADF emitter 4CzIPN to achieve high-performing green TADF organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Among the molecules, m-CzPym-hosted TADF-OLEDs achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE max ) of 31.5%, maximum power efficiency (PE max ) of 95.6 lm/W, and maximum current efficiency (CE max ) of 100.2 cd/A. Notably, p-CzPym-hosted TADF-OLEDs also achieved a PE max of 116.5 lm/W, turn-on voltage of 2.5 V, and impressive low efficiency roll-off performance (>89% of EQE max at 5000 cd/m 2 ), representing one of the highest efficiencies ever reported in 4CzIPN-doped devices. The high device efficiency can be ascribed to the balanced ambipolar carrier-transporting character of the host materials and high PLQY as well as the outstanding light outcoupling efficiency of the emitting layer.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Computed Tomography Scanning and Geophysical Measurements of the Wabash No.1 Core

The computed tomography (CT) facilities and the Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown, West Virginia were used to characterize Mt. Simon core from the Wabash CarbonSAFE project, Wabash No. 1 well. The primary impetus of the work in this report is a collaboration between NETL Research and Innovation Center and the Illinois State Geological Survey at the Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in Champaign, Illinois. The resultant datasets are presented in this report and can be accessed from NETL's Energy Data eXchange (EDX) online system using the following link: https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/wabash-no-1-well. The Wabash No. 1 well was drilled as part of a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) funded Carbon Storage Assurance Facility Enterprise field project to assess the feasibility of developing a commercial-scale geological storage complex at the Wabash Valley Resources Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plant near Terre Haute, Indiana. All equipment and techniques used were non-destructive, enabling future examinations and analyses to be performed on these cores. None of the equipment used was suitable for direct visualization of the pore space in fine-grained structures; fractures, discontinuities, and millimeter scale features were readily detectable with the methods tested. Imaging with the NETL medical CT scanner was performed on the entire core. Qualitative analysis of the medical CT images, coupled with X-ray fluorescence (XRF), P-wave, and magnetic susceptibility measurements from the MSCL were useful in identifying zones of interest for more detailed analysis. The ability to quickly identify key areas for more detailed study with higher resolution will save time and resources in future studies. The combination of methods used provides a multi-scale analysis of the core; the resulting macro and micro descriptions are relevant to many subsurface energy-related examinations traditionally performed at NETL.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Accuracy Enhancement of Nuclear Power Plant Simulators Utilizing High Accuracy Simulation Predictions

More recently, reactor core simulators for core designs associated with commercial nuclear power plants that utilize what is believed to be higher fidelity models have been developed. Features such as neutronics models that utilize transport equation solvers with fine spatial meshes and many energy-groups, thermal-hydraulic models that utilize sub-channel solvers with fine spatial mesh and capable of treating a wide range of fluid conditions, and fuel-coolant chemistry interaction models capable of treating CRUD deposition are to be found in these higher fidelity core simulators. These reactor core simulators require access to higher performance computers, characterized by many processors, cores and large memory. So associated with utilization of these simulators is access to high performance computers and ability to accommodate in one’s workflow longer execution times. By contrast, currently used core simulators by the nuclear industry can execute on engineering workstations and have execution times of seconds to minutes. The desirability for having short execution times is not only desired for support of time critical tasks but supports the mental process of decision making by engineers. The goal of the work reported upon here has the objective of retaining the fidelity of higher fidelity models while retaining the ability to utilize engineering workstations. Beyond the core simulator goal, additional goals of this work include incorporating the just described core simulator capability into a Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS) simulator, and to incorporate the resulting capability into an environment supportive of design and operational decision making associated with nuclear power stations. The model selected for the core neutronics model is the NESTLE code, for the core thermal-hydraulic model is the CTF code utilizing coarse mesh, and for the NSSS model is the RELAP5-3D code. WSC’s proprietary 3KEYMASTERTM platform is being used to provide software coupling, user interface, visualization, and reporting. The NESTLE core neutronics simulator was first integrated with the CTF core thermal-hydraulic simulator using CTF developed communication commands which are also used for CTF to communicate with RELAP5-3D under WSC’s proprietary 3KEYMASTERTM platform. To assure NESTLE prediction consistency with higher fidelity core neutronic simulators, buffer codes have been created to automatically generate from output files written by the VERA core simulator the NESTLE nodal neutronic parameter’ library, geometry, and pin-power reconstruction input files, thereby avoiding a number of challenges associated with utilizing lattice physics codes and providing consistency with VERA predictions. To treat absorber rod effects a multi-set library is utilized, where a set refers to a specific absorber rod fully inserted pattern. A coarse spatial mesh CTF model was developed with features added that support using CTF as envisioned in the engineering quality simulator. A hybrid meshing approach was implemented to allow for automated construction of models with mixed levels of refinement. Specifically, a core model could resolve some assemblies at a nodal level (4 subchannels per assembly) and others at a pin-resolution (one subchannel per coolant subchannel in the assembly). The intention is that this will allow for better resolution of limiting conditions such as DNBR and PCT, which are based on local rod and subchannel conditions. Further development was done of features that enhance the capabilities for the envisioned engineering quality simulator that has been developed, but now for RELAP-3D. The RELAP5-3D code development includes ability to model more than 999 components and the addition of the cross-channels turbulence mixing model and the void drift model that are implemented in CTF, aiming to achieve closer prediction agreement of the two codes for transient simulations, specifically, more accurate matches of the overall mass, momentum, and energy exchanges of both the liquid and gas phases between the neighboring core assemblies. Graphics were also developed for the Instructor Station for this project under WSC’s proprietary 3KEYMASTERTM platform to facilitate design and operational decision making.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Nanoscale and Element-Specific Lattice Temperature Measurements Using Core-Loss Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy

Measuring nanoscale local temperatures, particularly in vertically integrated and multicomponent systems, remains challenging. Spectroscopic techniques like X-ray absorption and core-loss electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) are sensitive to lattice temperature, but understanding thermal effects is nontrivial. This work explores the potential for nanoscale and element-specific core-loss thermometry by comparing the Si L2,3 edge’s temperature- dependent redshift against plasmon energy expansion thermometry (PEET) in a scanning TEM. Using density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT, and the Bethe−Salpeter equation, we ab initio model both the Si L 2,3 and plasmon redshift. We find that the core-loss redshift occurs due to bandgap reduction from electron−phonon renormalization. Our results indicate that despite lower core-loss signal intensity compared to plasmon features, core-loss thermometry has key advantages and can be more accurate through standard spectral denoising. Specifically, we show that the Varshni equation easily interprets the core-loss redshift for semiconductors, which avoids plasmon spectral convolution for PEET in complex junctions and interfaces. We also find that core-loss thermometry is more accurate than PEET at modeling thermal lattice expansion in semiconductors, unless the specimen’s temperature-dependent dielectric properties are fully characterized. Furthermore, core-loss thermometry has the potential to measure nanoscale heating in multicomponent materials and stacked interfaces with elemental specificity at length scales smaller than the plasmon’s wave function.

Bethe–Salpeter equation↗

Field Laboratory for Emerging Stacked Unconventional Plays in Central Appalachia

The goal of the Field Laboratory for Emerging Stacked Unconventional Plays (ESUP) in Central Appalachia project was to investigate and characterize the resource potential for multi-play production of emerging unconventional reservoirs in Central Appalachia. Project activities included drilling, logging and coring of a vertical characterization well drilled to basement to approximately 15,000 feet in depth. The data from drilling and well logs as well recovered core samples were used by the research team to support characterization of the geology and potential pay zones within the Nora Gas Field of southwestern Virginia and the greater Central Appalachian Basin. This project was led by Dr. Nino Ripepi of the Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research (VCCER) in close collaboration with EnerVest Operating LLC (EnerVest). VCCER is housed in the Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering at Virginia Tech and was created by an Act of the Virginia General Assembly on March 30, 1977, as an interdisciplinary study, research, information, and resource facility for the Commonwealth of Virginia. EnerVest is a top tier, low-cost oil and natural gas company with a long history of traditional operating relationships with institutional investors as well as public and private companies. This report summarizes two major research activities: 1) Log and Core Analysis and 2) Numerical Modeling. Core analysis comprises the characterization efforts of the ESUP Field Laboratory and includes a discussion of the well logs run in the deep characterization wells, an initial analysis of those, the number, size and location of cores recovered, core testing and analysis done to date as well as plans for future analysis. Numerical modeling is comprised of seven major modeling efforts, including (1) Multiphysics shale transport modeling work, (2) the developed in-house compositional simulator studies, (3) reservoir modeling studies using GEM software, (4) fracture modeling work using EFRAC3D software and (5) numerical modeling efforts with ABAQUS software, (6) Numerical modeling efforts using FLAC3D and PFC3D, and (7) Automatic Machine Learning (AutoML) Studies.

02 PETROLEUM↗

Computed Tomography Scanning and Geophysical Measurements of the Smackover Formation from the Roberson 18-19 Core

The computed tomography (CT) facilities and the Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) site in Morgantown, West Virginia, were used to characterize the Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) Smackover limestone in the Roberson 18-19 1-15H core retrieved from the Atlanta Field, Columbia County, Arkansas. The 365.68-ft long Roberson core came from a vertical well at depths 8,802 ft to 9,169.60 ft, drilled by Southwestern Energy targeting the Smackover Formation as a potential unconventional oil reservoir. The primary impetus of this work was to non-destructively characterize core from the Smackover Formation that was acquired through a core exchange with Southwestern Energy. The Smackover Formation is an unconventional limestone play in southern Arkansas. This report and the associated scans provide detailed datasets not typically made publicly available from unconventional limestone for analysis. The resultant datasets are presented in this report and can be accessed from NETL’s Energy Data eXchange (EDX) online system using the following link: https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/roberson-smackover.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗