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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Characterization of Human High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma

Many gene products exhibit great structural heterogeneity because of an array of modifications. These modifications are not directly encoded in the genomic template but often affect the functionality of proteins. Protein glycosylation plays a vital role in proper protein functions. However, the analysis of glycoproteins has been challenging compared with other protein modifications, such as phosphorylation. Here, we perform an integrated proteomic and glycoproteomic analysis of 83 prospectively collected high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) and 23 non-tumor tissues. Integration of the expression data from global proteomics and glycoproteomics reveals tumor-specific glycosylation, uncovers different glycosylation associated with three tumor clusters, and identifies glycosylation enzymes that were correlated with the altered glycosylation. In addition to providing a valuable resource, these results provide insights into the potentialroles of glycosylation in the pathogenesis of HGSC, with the possibility of distinguishing pathological outcomes of ovarian tumors from non-tumors, as well as classifying tumor clusters.

Hu, Yingwei↗
DOE OSTI2021

Miscellaneous Electric Loads: Characterization and Energy Savings Potential

Over time, miscellaneous electric loads (MELs) are expected to increase both in magnitude and share of residential and commercial building energy consumption. This trend is most apparent in North America, but it is also occurring in Japan and Europe. However, the contribution of MELs to building energy use is not currently well understood, both because the products in this category are transforming rapidly and the definition and classification of MELs is ambiguous. This study estimated the national energy consumption of 36 MELs using best-available data and found them to comprise 12% of delivered electricity to the U.S. residential and commercial building sectors. If 26 of these MELs were replaced with the most energy-efficient product models available on the market, their energy consumption could be halved to 6% of delivered electricity. National energy models will better account for building energy consumption by incorporating the MELs data collected and analyzed for this study, leading to improved policy decisions.

Miscellaneous electric loads, Plug loads, Taxonomy↗
DOE OSTI2021

Methodologies for Design, Characterization and Testing of Electrolytes that Enable Extreme Fast Charging of Lithium-ion Cells

Selection, testing and validation of electrolyte candidates for Li-ion cells are discussed, based on a 10-minute target for extreme fast charge (XFC). A combination of modeling and laboratory measurements create a timely and synergistic approach to identifying candidate electrolyte formulations. Multi-solvent systems provide a balanced set of properties, wherein lower molecular-weight solvents offer reduced viscosity, increased species diffusivity, and mitigation of concentration polarization at high charge rates. Carefully selected formulations can exhibit peak conductivity and usable conductivity range of two to three times that of the baseline EC-EMC (3:7, wt.) + LiPF 6 . Candidates are also chosen based on stability and longevity within the cell environment. Lab testing coincides with property predictions from the Advanced Electrolyte Model (AEM) and a macro-scale cell model. Furthermore, cell testing utilized coin and pouch cells having NMC532 or NMC811 cathodes with graphite electrodes. Results indicate combinations of low-molecular weight solvents are key for fast-charge electrolytes as they extend the useful conductivity range to both low and higher salt concentrations, and possess higher self-diffusivities compared to conventional solvents. This reduces impacts from concentration polarization. The choice of electrolyte also influences the tendency for lithium metal deposition at the anode, as showcased by experimental and modeling results herein.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Quantitative Morphological Characterization of Carbide Inclusions in Uranium Metal

Uranium carbides (UCs) are prevalent inclusions in U metal that form during melting operations from interactions with crucible walls and the casting chamber atmosphere. Although UCs have been studied extensively since the beginning of U metal foundry operations, there are still unknowns regarding the effects of thermomechanical processing on their sizes and morphology. Here, we present the results of a series of controlled cooling experiments with molten uranium to elucidate the effect of cooling rate on inclusion morphology in a-U. Samples were melted using a vacuum induction melter and manually cooled at rates of 2.5, 1.7, 1.1, 0.8, 0.3 (± 1%) K/s from ~1600 K to <700 K in under 1 hour. Subsequent scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on cross-sections of the samples, revealing a complex mixture of UC morphologies that are indicative of diffusion and growth influenced by the thermal processing of the U matrix. Image analysis using the Morphological Analysis of Materials (MAMA) software showed that UC sizes generally grew larger with slower cooling rates, and the two slowest cooling rates noticeably impacted the inclusion circularity and ellipse aspect ratio. These results indicate that UC morphology is sensitive to short cooling rates (<1 hour) and could therefore be controlled in the production of metallic nuclear fuels. Additionally, inclusion speciation and morphologies could potentially provide forensic clues about processing history of unknown metal samples. Understanding the driving forces involved in UC morphology evolution is beneficial for evaluating metal fuels for next generation nuclear reactors and for identifying signatures for nuclear forensics.

Athon, Matthew T.↗