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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

SCALE Newsletter (Number 52, Spring 2020)

SCALE Newsletter is published by the Reactor and Nuclear Systems Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This issue, number 52 from Spring of 2020, holds information about the current state, planned updates, and previews of the SCALE system designed and maintained by ORNL staff. This issue contains employee spotlights for Dr. Kursat Bekar as well as Dr. Andrew M. Holcomb and displays data and charts from new/updated features of SCALE such as new data libraries, Fulcrum 3D visualizations, and interactions with ENDF/B-VIII.0 data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Influence of flowability, casting time and formwork geometry on fiber orientation and mechanical properties of UHPFRC

In this study, fiber orientation in ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced-concrete (UHPFRC) with different formwork geometry was evaluated using visualization model concrete and via analysis involving 3D visualization based on X-ray computed tomography (CT). Differences in fiber orientation in the height direction were first reviewed. Furthermore, the influence of flowability and casting time on the fiber orientation and mechanical properties of UHPFRC were examined. The results indicated that flowability dictates eventual fiber orientation in parts close to the surfaces of formwork. The use of UHPFRC with superior flowability results in more fibers being oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of slabs in comparison to UHPFRC with inferior flowability. It was also found that flowability and casting time can have strong influences on the mechanical properties of UHPFRC. Residual flexural strength after initial cracking exhibited perfect linear dependence on the effective number of fibers at fracture planes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Phase 1 Development Report for the SESSA Toolkit.

The Site Exploitation System for Situational Awareness ( SESSA ) tool kit , developed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) , is a comprehensive de cision support system for crime scene data acquisition and Sensitive Site Exploitation (SSE). SESSA is an outgrowth of another SNL developed decision support system , the Building R estoration Operations Optimization Model (BROOM), a hardware/software solution for data acquisition, data management, and data analysis. SESSA was designed to meet forensic crime scene needs as defined by the DoD's Military Criminal Investigation Organiza tion (MCIO) . SESSA is a very comprehensive toolki t with a considerable amount of database information managed through a Microsoft SQL (Structured Query Language) database engine, a Geographical Information System (GIS) engine that provides comprehensive m apping capabilities, as well as a an intuitive Graphical User Interface (GUI) . An electronic sketch pad module is included. The system also has the ability to efficiently generate necessary forms for forensic crime scene investigations (e.g., evidence submittal, laboratory requests, and scene notes). SESSA allows the user to capture photos on site, and can read and generate ba rcode labels that limit transcription errors. SESSA runs on PC computers running Windows 7, but is optimized for touch - screen tablet computers running Windows for ease of use at crime scenes and on SSE deployments. A prototype system for 3 - dimensional (3 D) mapping and measur e ments was also developed to complement the SESSA software. The mapping system employs a visual/ depth sensor that captures data to create 3D visualizations of an interior space and to make distance measurements with centimeter - level a ccuracy. Output of this 3D Model Builder module provides a virtual 3D %22walk - through%22 of a crime scene. The 3D mapping system is much less expensive and easier to use than competitive systems. This document covers the basic installation and operation of th e SESSA tool kit in order to give the user enough information to start using the tool kit . SESSA is currently a prototype system and this documentation covers the initial release of the tool kit . Funding for SESSA was provided by the Department of Defense (D oD), Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (ASD(R&E)) Rapid Fielding (RF) organization. The project was managed by the Defense Forensic Science Center (DFSC) , formerly known as the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory (USACIL) . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to acknowledge the funding support for the development of the Site Exploitation System for Situational Awareness (SESSA) toolkit from the Department of Defense (DoD), Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (ASD(R&E)) Rapid Fielding (RF) organization. The project was managed by the Defense Forensic Science Center (DFSC) , formerly known as the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory (USACIL). Special thanks to Mr. Garold Warner, of DFSC, who served as the Project Manager. Individuals that worked on the design, functional attributes, algorithm development, system arc hitecture, and software programming include: Robert Knowlton, Brad Melton, Robert Anderson, and Wendy Amai.

Knowlton, Robert G.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Sandia MEMS Visualization Tools v. 3.0

This is a revision to the Sandia MEMS Visualization Tools. It replaces all previous versions. New features in this version: Support for AutoCAD 2014 and 2015 . This CD contains an integrated set of electronic files that: a) Provides a 2D Process Visualizer that generates cross-section images of devices constructed using the SUMMiT V fabrication process. b) Provides a 3D Visualizer that generates 3D images of devices constructed using the SUMMiT V fabrication process. c) Provides a MEMS 3D Model generator that creates 3D solid models of devices constructed using the SUMMiT V fabrication process. While there exists some files on the CD that are used in conjunction with software package AutoCAD , these files are not intended for use independent of the CD. Note that the customer must purchase his/her own copy of AutoCAD to use with these files.

Yarberry, Victor↗
DOE OSTI2015

Visualization of electronic density

An atom’s volume depends on its electronic density. Although this density can only be evaluated exactly for hydrogen-like atoms, there are many excellent numerical algorithms and packages to calculate it for other materials. 3D visualization of charge density is challenging, especially when several molecular/atomic levels are intertwined in space. We explore several approaches to 3D charge density visualization, including the extension of an anaglyphic stereo visualization application based on the AViz package to larger structures such as nanotubes. We will describe motivations and potential applications of these tools for answering interesting questions about nanotube properties.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

LiDAR-Based Point Cloud Data Processing

The presentation includes the procedures of utilizing LiDAR-based point cloud data in WebGL applications, such as capturing data, processing data, importing point cloud into Unity software, and improving application performance. It uses IRC BLD 603 Lab B-12 as an example. It'll be presented at Viz n Learn workshop which is a collaboration series between INL's Applied Visualization Laboratory (AVL) and University of Wyoming (UW)'s Shell 3D Visualization center. Each session will highlight 2 projects from each institution monthly, followed by discussion on areas of collaborative interest and action.

3D↗
DOE OSTI2021

3D Virtual Simulation for Radiation Safety and Survey Training

3D virtual technologies have been widely used in remote training. Training integrated with 3D visualization technologies can enhance students’ engagement and reduce cost. The Applied Visualization Lab collaborates with College of Eastern Idaho on creating a 3D desktop application that simulate a pipe environment for radiation safety and survey training. Students can learn to perform radiation and contamination surveys remotely on their desktop. This simulation provides random scenarios, guided instructions, user interactions, and visual and sound feedback. It will promote utilizing virtual training for education outreach and minimize radiation and contamination exposure during the training.

3D↗
DOE OSTI2021

3D Virtual Simulation for Radiation Safety and Survey Training

3D virtual technologies have been widely used in remote training. Training integrated with 3D visualization technologies can enhance students’ engagement and reduce cost. The Applied Visualization Lab collaborates with College of Eastern Idaho on creating a 3D desktop application that simulate a pipe environment for radiation safety and survey training. Students can learn to perform radiation and contamination surveys remotely on their desktop. This simulation provides random scenarios, guided instructions, user interactions, and visual and sound feedback. It will promote utilizing virtual training for education outreach and minimize radiation and contamination exposure during the training.

3D↗
NASA NTRS2012

High Resolution Visualization Applied to Future Heavy Airlift Concept Development and Evaluation

This paper explores the use of high resolution 3D visualization tools for exploring the feasibility and advantages of future military cargo airlift concepts and evaluating compatibility with existing and future payload requirements. Realistic 3D graphic representations of future airlifters are immersed in rich, supporting environments to demonstrate concepts of operations to key personnel for evaluation, feedback, and development of critical joint support. Accurate concept visualizations are reviewed by commanders, platform developers, loadmasters, soldiers, scientists, engineers, and key principal decision makers at various stages of development. The insight gained through the review of these physically and operationally realistic visualizations is essential to refining design concepts to meet competing requirements in a fiscally conservative defense finance environment. In addition, highly accurate 3D geometric models of existing and evolving large military vehicles are loaded into existing and proposed aircraft cargo bays. In this virtual aircraft test-loading environment, materiel developers, engineers, managers, and soldiers can realistically evaluate the compatibility of current and next-generation airlifters with proposed cargo.

FordCook, A. B.↗
NASA NTRS2006

3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture Criteria - An Experimentalist's Perspective

Many delamination failure criteria based on fracture toughness have been suggested over the past few decades, but most only covered the region containing mode I and mode II components of loading because that is where toughness data existed. With new analysis tools, more 3D analyses are being conducted that capture a mode III component of loading. This has increased the need for a fracture criterion that incorporates mode III loading. The introduction of a pure mode III fracture toughness test has also produced data on which to base a full 3D fracture criterion. In this paper, a new framework for visualizing 3D fracture criteria is introduced. The common 2D power law fracture criterion was evaluated to produce unexpected predictions with the introduction of mode III and did not perform well in the critical high mode I region. Another 2D criterion that has been shown to model a wide range of materials well was used as the basis for a new 3D criterion. The new criterion is based on assumptions that the relationship between mode I and mode III toughness is similar to the relation between mode I and mode II and that a linear interpolation can be used between mode II and mode III. Until mixed-mode data exists with a mode III component of loading, 3D fracture criteria cannot be properly evaluated, but these assumptions seem reasonable.

Reeder, James R.↗
NASA NTRS2023

Development of Level of Detail System and First-Person Camera for the GCAS Visualization Suite

The use of data-driven simulations has become standard practice as part of planning for future space missions. These simulations allow visualizing the data interactively to show what the data represents, as well as the importance of the data in the context of the mission. Using this visualized data can enhance users’ understanding of it and accelerate analysis efforts related to missions planned around it. Three-dimensional (3D) visualization software was developed to allow creating 3D representations of various communication systems, as well as the physical terrain of the Moon, for upcoming missions. The goal of this software development effort was to create interactive visualization capabilities in the Glenn Research Center Communication Analysis Suite (GCAS) using data exported from MATLAB® (MathWorks, Inc.) scripts. This software had the functionality to visualize the line of sight and dynamic link margins of the communication satellites orbiting the Earth and the Moon. One important addition to this was the visualization of the terrain data located within the GeoTIFF files, which were produced in an effort to understand the Moon’s terrain. Proper displacement values of this data have to be visualized to showcase where craters are located and how the shadow casting works with said craters at different points of the day, as well as analysis of possible landing sites for future lunar expeditions. The graphics library coded in JavaScript, three.js, had been previously selected for developing this visualization software. The software was revised to conform to modern standards, then further developed to convert the MATLAB® data into JavaScript 3D objects and Blender GL Transmission Format Binary file (GLB) objects, which were to be imported into the scene. In the process, a variety of other testing projects were created to be combined with this project at a later point; these included the first-person camera movements around spherical objects to portray human movement around the Moon, GeoTIFF loading methods, data transfer methods for incorporating the elevation data into the scene, and level of detail (LOD) capabilities to decrease memory usage and rendering time.

Visualization↗
DOE OSTI2024

Focused Ion Beam Tomography of Alloy 617 Corroded in Molten Chloride Salt

Materials qualification of reactor structural materials is a critical step in rapid implementation of advanced nuclear reactor technologies, particularly to assess the corrosion performance in these designs. Accelerated qualification of reactor structural materials requires incorporating powerful computational toolsets, such as phase field modelling in the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework, to predict the evolution of structural materials due to corrosion. Accordingly, computational toolsets will require experimental data generated at appropriate length scales to validate accuracy. Focused ion beam (FIB) provides a high degree of control over manipulation of materials for analytical purposes, including capturing data on the evolution in the microstructure and elemental composition of materials at the mesoscale, an appropriate length scale for phase field modelling of intergranular diffusion phenomena using the MOOSE framework. For instance, the FEI Helios G4 UX dual beam plasma FIB microscope at the Irradiated Materials Characterization Laboratory (IMCL) is capable of backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) documenting the evolution in the microstructure and elemental composition, respectively. The Helios can perform EDS and EBSD three-dimensionally (3D) using tomography, which is then combined using different software packages to visualize 3D volumes correlating elemental composition to microstructural data. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a streamlined characterization and data processing workflow for 3D tomography studies on the FEI Helios G4 plasma FIB. The investigation is segmented into three parts: 1) Optimizing the data collection workflow, 2) identifying appropriate data processing and visualization software (i.e. DREAM.3D, MIPAR, and VGStudioMax), and 3) establishing an infrastructure for public release. The optimization of the data collection workflow is in collaboration with members of the U220 department to setup formal training on the tomography operation of the G4, through ThermoFisher Scientific, and exploring DREAM.3D, MIPAR, and VGStudioMax data processing/visualization software packages. VGStudioMax currently demonstrates the most promise for future use. Optimization of the data collection and processing workflow is still ongoing. A collaboration with INL High Performance Computing (HPC) established an open-source license for expediting the public release of FIB tomography datasets through HPC. FIB tomography data generated by the G4 will provide comprehensive data for validating 3D phase field mesoscale modelling tools within the MOOSE framework for accelerated qualification of reactor structural materials.

Copeland-Johnson, Trishelle↗
DOE OSTI2022

Real-space texture and pole-figure analysis using the 3D pair distribution function on a platinum thin film

An approach is described for studying texture in nanostructured materials. The approach implements the real-space texture pair distribution function (PDF), txPDF, laid out by Gong & Billinge {(2018). arXiv:1805.10342 [cond-mat]}. It is demonstrated on a fiber-textured polycrystalline Pt thin film. The approach uses 3D PDF methods to reconstruct the orientation distribution function of the powder crystallites from a set of diffraction patterns, taken at different tilt angles of the substrate with respect to the incident beam, directly from the 3D PDF of the sample. A real-space equivalent of the reciprocal-space pole figure is defined in terms of interatomic vectors in the PDF and computed for various interatomic vectors in the Pt film. Furthermore, it is shown how a valid isotropic PDF may be obtained from a weighted average over the tilt series, including the measurement conditions for the best approximant to the isotropic PDF from a single exposure, which for the case of the fiber-textured film was in a nearly grazing incidence orientation of ∼10°. Finally, an open-source Python software package, FouriGUI , is described that may be used to help in studies of texture from 3D reciprocal-space data, and indeed for Fourier transforming and visualizing 3D PDF data in general.

3D pair distribution functions↗
DOE OSTI2022

Bringing chemical structures to life with augmented reality, machine learning, and quantum chemistry

Visualizing 3D molecular structures is crucial to understanding and predicting their chemical behavior. However, static 2D hand-drawn skeletal structures remain the preferred method of chemical communication. Here, we combine cutting-edge technologies in augmented reality (AR), machine learning, and computational chemistry to develop MolAR, an open-source mobile application for visualizing molecules in AR directly from their hand-drawn chemical structures. Users can also visualize any molecule or protein directly from its name or protein data bank ID and compute chemical properties in real time via quantum chemistry cloud computing. MolAR provides an easily accessible platform for the scientific community to visualize and interact with 3D molecular structures in an immersive and engaging way.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1995

An annotation system for 3D fluid flow visualization

Annotation is a key activity of data analysis. However, current systems for data analysis focus almost exclusively on visualization. We propose a system which integrates annotations into a visualization system. Annotations are embedded in 3D data space, using the Post-it metaphor. This embedding allows contextual-based information storage and retrieval, and facilitates information sharing in collaborative environments. We provide a traditional database filter and a Magic Lens filter to create specialized views of the data. The system has been customized for fluid flow applications, with features which allow users to store parameters of visualization tools and sketch 3D volumes.

Loughlin, Maria M.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Can Electrical Resistance Tomography be used for imaging unsaturated moisture flow in cement-based materials with discrete cracks?

Previously, it has been shown that Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) can be used for monitoring moisture flow in undamaged cement-based materials. In this work, we investigate whether ERT could be used for imaging three-dimensional (3D) unsaturated moisture flow in cement-based materials that contain discrete cracks. Novel computational methods based on the so-called absolute imaging framework are developed and used in ERT image reconstructions, aiming at a better tolerance of the reconstructed images with respect to the complexity of the conductivity distribution in cracked material. ERT is first tested using specimens with physically simulated cracks of known geometries, and corroborated with numerical simulations of unsaturated moisture flow. Next, specimens with loading-induced cracks are imaged; here, ERT reconstructions are evaluated qualitatively based on visual observations and known properties of unsaturated moisture flow. Results indicate that ERT is a viable method of visualizing 3D unsaturated moisture flow in cement-based materials with discrete cracks. - Highlights: • 3D EIT is developed to visualize water ingress in cracked mortar. • Mortar with different size discrete cracks are used. • The EIT results are corroborated with numerical simulations. • EIT results accurately show the temporal and spatial variation of water content. • EIT is shown to be a viable method to monitor flow in cracks and matrix.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Digital Twin Technology for Aviation

As technology progresses, so have the tools for data visualization. This project presents a digital twin model of the San Francisco airport displaying a 10-minute window of historical flight data, visualizing the trajectory data of airplanes and vehicles in three dimensions. Multiple different cameras where implemented to fully utilize the 3D visualization. This is a 100:1 feet scale model created in Autodesk Maya, using the airport center as the origin and recalculating all coordinates accordingly featuring the airport, some surrounding buildings, and the bay. For this project, six different models of airplanes were modeled at a 50:1 feet scale with texturing to mimic real-world aircraft models along with certain airlines. The animation is driven through archived data captured from NASA’s Sherlock Open-Data Portal, cleaned of noisy data points, processed into useable data formats, and implemented into a Maya ASCII file of animation paths with the corresponding previously-stated airplane models attached all using Java based conversion program.

Aleksander Schade↗