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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 883 records · Page 49
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

High temperature antenna development for space shuttle, volume 2

An S-band antenna system and a group of off-the-shelf aircraft antenna were exposed to temperatures simulating shuttle orbital cold soak and entry heating. Radiation pattern and impedance measurements before and after exposure to the thermal environments were used to evaluate the electrical performance. The results of the electrical and thermal testing are given. Test data showed minor changes in electrical performance and established the capability of these antenna to withstand both the low temperatures of space flight and the high temperatures of entry.

Kuhlman, E. A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Six degree of freedom FORTRAN program, ASTP docking dynamics, users guide

The digital program ASTP Docking Dynamics as outlined is intended to aid the engineer using the program to determine the docking system loads and attendant vehicular motion resulting from docking two vehicles that have an androgynous, six-hydraulic-attenuator, guide ring, docking interface similar to that designed for the Apollo/Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). This program is set up to analyze two different vehicle combinations: the Apollo CSM docking to Soyuz and the shuttle orbiter docking to another orbiter. The subroutine modifies the vehicle control systems to describe one or the other vehicle combinations; the rest of the vehicle characteristics are changed by input data. To date, the program has been used to predict and correlate ASTP docking loads and performance with docking test program results from dynamic testing. The program modified for use on IBM 360 computers. Parts of the original docking system equations in the areas of hydraulic damping and capture latches are modified to better describe the detail design of the ASTP docking system.

Mount, G. O., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Regolith history from cosmic-ray-produced nuclides

A model is given for regolith development by which the meteoroid impact parameters (time of last major impact, soil escape rate, and soil turnover depths) are determined from the Gd isotope data for the Apollo 15 and 16 drill stems. The time of the last major impact, cosmic-ray-produced-nuclide-clock reset time, at the Apollo 15 site is 0.6-1.3 aeon. The reset time at the Apollo 16 site is between 1.54 plus or minus 0.14 and 3.3-4.0 aeon. The average soil escape rate from the moon corresponding to the 1.54 plus or minus 0.14 aeon reset time is between 70 and 110 cm/aeon and corresponding to the 3.3 and 4.0 aeon reset time is between 36 and 56 cm/aeon. The soil turnover depth for the 1.54 plus or minus 0.14 aeon reset time is 250 cm and for the 3.3-4.0 aeon reset time is 750 cm. The Gd data restrict the change with time of the meteoroid flux during the past 1.4 aeon.

Fireman, E. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Lunar sample analysis

Room temperature internal friction (Q sup-1) values of the 0.00002-0.00003 range were achieved with lunar rock 70215,85 by thorough outgassing procedures in ultrahigh vacuum. Results are presented on the temperature dependence of Q sup -1 as measured in the range 25 C to 600 C along with some data on the change in Q sup -1 with pressure in ultrahigh vacuum. The temperature dependence shows the existence of an internal friction peak at around 200 C followed at high temperatures by an extensive region with flat Q sup -1 (approximately 0.001); the work at ultrahigh vacuum shows decreases in the internal friction with decreases in ambient pressure even in the range 10 to the -8 to 10 to the -10 power torr.

Tittmann, B. R.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Multiplexed fiber-optic transmission system

Digital, audio, and video data channels spanning 100 megahertz bandwidth are transmitted via single fiber-optical link. System is flexible by virtue of its plug-in modularity and optical patchboard that allows it to adjust to data and bandwidth changes.

Bell, C. H.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Global measurements of gaseous and aerosol trace species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from daily flights of 747 airliners

Extensive measurements include ozone, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and aerosol and condensation nuclei number density. Less extensive measurements include chlorofluoromethanes, sulfates and nitrates. Certain meteorological and flight information are also recorded at the time of these measurements. World routes range in latitude from about 60 deg N near North America to about 40 deg S over Australia and 23 deg S over South America. Typical data show significant changes in ozone, carbon monoxide, and water vapor when crossing the tropopause either during changes in altitude or at cruise altitude. These gases as well as light scattering particles and condensation nuclei exhibit considerable variability along a flight route.

Perkins, P. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Effect of rotor wake on aerodynamic characteristics of a 1/6 scale model of the rotor systems research aircraft

Tests were conducted in the Langley V/STOL tunnel to determine the effect of the main-rotor wake on the aerodynamic characteristics of the rotor systems research aircraft. A 1/6-scale model with a 4-blade articulated rotor was used to determine the effect of the rotor wake for the compound configuration. Data were obtained over a range of angles of attack, angles of sideslip, auxiliary engine thrusts, rotor collective pitch angles, and rotor tip-path plane angles for several main-rotor advance ratios. Separate results are presented for the forces and moments on the airframe, the wing, and the tail. An analysis of the test data indicates significant changes in the aerodynamic characteristics. The rotor wake increases the longitudinal static stability, the effective dihedral, and the lateral static stability of the airframe. The rotor induces a downwash on the wing. This downwash decreases the wing lift and increases the drag. The asymmetrical rotor wake induces a differential lift across the wing and a subsequent rolling moment. These rotor induced effects on the wing become smaller with increasing forward speed.

Mineck, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1977

The July climate and a comparison of the January and July climates simulated by the GISS general circulation model

Results are presented for a study directed to evaluate the ability of the global general circulation model of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in simulating seasonal differences as related to an experiment simulating the July climatology which parallels the January simulation presented by Somerville et al. (1974). The July and January simulations are compared with each other and with climatological data on seasonal changes, mainly for the Northern Hemisphere troposphere. The comparison shows that the model-generated energy cycle, distribution of winds, temperature, humidity and pressure, dynamical transports, diabatic heating, evaporation, precipitation and cloud cover are all realistic for the Northern Hemisphere troposphere in July. The model's simulation of seasonal differences is generally quite realistic since the systematic quantitative errors do not affect the simulation of relative changes, to first order. Defects that could seriously bias the model's performance in particular climate experiments are identified and discussed.

Stone, P. H.↗
NASA NTRS1977

LANDSAT-D thematic mapper simulation using aircraft multispectral scanner data

A simulation of imagery from the upcoming LANDSAT-D thematic mapper was accomplished by using selected channels of 24-channels aircraft multispectral scanner data. The purpose was to simulate thematic mapper 30-meter resolution imagery and compare its spectral quality with the original aircraft MSS data and determine changes in thematic classification accuracy for the simulated imagery. The original resolution of approximately 7.5 meters IFOV and simulated resolution of 15, 30, and 60 meters were used to indicate the trend of spectral quality and classification accuracy. The study was based in a 6.5 square kilometer area of urban Los Angeles having a diversity of land use.

Clark, J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Econ's optimal decision model of wheat production and distribution-documentation

The report documents the computer programs written to implement the ECON optical decision model. The programs were written in APL, an extremely compact and powerful language particularly well suited to this model, which makes extensive use of matrix manipulations. The algorithms used are presented and listings of and descriptive information on the APL programs used are given. Possible changes in input data are also given.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1978

LANDSAT application of remote sensing to shoreline-form analysis

The author has identified the following significant results. Using Assateague Island, Cape Hatteras, and Cape Lookout, significantly high correlations were found for most of the six barrier island sections that were examined. Relationships were not consistent from island to island. It was concluded that coastal vulnerability to storm damage can not be assessed based on coastal orientation alone. When orientation data were combined with erosion data for individual barrier islands, the relationship could be used as a basis for barrier island classification. A method was developed to obtain large amounts of historical data on surface coastal process from aerial photography, which was called the orthogonal grid address system. Data on shoreline change and overwash penetration gathered on over 400 km of the mid-Atlantic coast, are being used by various federal and state agencies for planning purposes.

Dolan, R.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Global measurements of gaseous and aerosol trace species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from daily flights of 747 airliners

A description is given of the NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP), taking into account the onboard system which collects atmospheric data automatically, the extensive atmospheric measurement capability, and the data handling and distribution procedure. GASP was implemented to assess the environmental impact of aircraft exhaust emissions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Global air quality data are to be obtained for a period of five to ten years. Measurements of pollutants not related to aircraft exhaust emissions, such as chlorofluoromethanes, are now included. GASP systems are operating on a United Airlines 747, two Pan Am 747s, and a Qantas Airways of Australia 747. Real-time, in-situ measurements are conducted of ozone, water vapor, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen. Chlorofluoromethanes are measured by laboratory analysis. Typical GASP data show significant changes in ozone, carbon monoxide, and water vapor related to crossings of the tropopause.

Perkins, P. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

The 737 aircraft flammability testing

The FAA requested approximately 20 component and full-scale tests in a 737 fuselage to provide validation data or indicate changes that need to be made to a fire math model (Dayton Aircraft Cabin Fire Model) developed for the FAA. Some preliminary tests were conducted to evaluate the adequacy of planned instrumentation. The objectives of the program were met in that it was verified that propagation of a fire could be determined from the sequential response of thermocouples located on a test specimen(such as a seat), and continuous weighing of the specimen during the test was accomplished. Two differenct techniques for measuring smoke density were found to be comparable.

Bricker, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Some practical universal noiseless coding techniques

Some practical adaptive techniques for the efficient noiseless coding of a broad class of such data sources are developed and analyzed. Algorithms are designed for coding discrete memoryless sources which have a known symbol probability ordering but unknown probability values. A general applicability of these algorithms to solving practical problems is obtained because most real data sources can be simply transformed into this form by appropriate preprocessing. These algorithms have exhibited performance only slightly above all entropy values when applied to real data with stationary characteristics over the measurement span. Performance considerably under a measured average data entropy may be observed when data characteristics are changing over the measurement span.

Rice, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Assessment of the impact of increased solar ultraviolet radiation upon marine ecosystems

Reduction of the earth's ozone layer, with a resultant increase in transmission of solar ultraviolet radiation in the 290 to 320nm waveband (UV-B), via space shuttle operations through the stratosphere is considered. It is shown that simulated solar ultraviolet radiation can, under experimental conditions, detrimentally affect the marine organisms that form the base of the food web of oceanic and estuarine ecosystems. Whether a small increase in biologically harmful ultraviolet radiation might overwhelm these mechanisms and produce changes that will have damaging consequences to the biosphere is discussed. The potential for irreversible damage to the productivity, structure and/or functioning of a model estuarine ecosystem by increased UV-B radiation and whether these ecosystems are highly stable or amenable to adaptive change is studied. Data are provided to assess the potential impact upon marine ecosystems if space shuttle operations contribute to a reduction of the stratospheric ozone layer and the sensitivity of key community components to increased UV-B radiation is examined.

Worrest, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Nitrogen fertiliser and stratospheric ozone - Latitudinal effects

Substantial increases in atmospheric N2O resulting from the increased use of nitrogen fertilizers might cause large (to 10%) decreases in the stratospheric ozone content. Such ozone decreases would be caused by catalytic reaction cycles involving odd-nitrogen that is formed by N2O decomposition in the upper stratosphere. Turco et al. (1978), using a background chlorine level of 2 ppbv, have shown that if the measured values of specified reactions are used a 50% increase in N2O would lead to a 2.7% increase in the stratospheric column density, although the ozone content above 30 km would be reduced by more than 5%; they also estimated (unpublished data) that the change in the ozone column density caused by doubling the N2O abundance would be very close to zero (within about 0.1%). The present paper extends these calculations of N2O/ozone effects to two dimensions, thereby identifying the latitude dependence expected for such ozone perturbations. The effects of changes in stratospheric chlorine levels on predicted ozone changes are also discussed.

Whitten, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1979

A model for correlating damage and ultrasonic attenuation in composites

Ultrasonic attenuation data measured by the pulse-echo technique have been obtained versus load for two graphite-epoxy laminates and are presented. The attenuation-load data display distinct changes at load values associated with the initiation of transverse cracks in the weakest plies and with the knee in the bilinear stress-strain curve. It was intended to determine if a simplified diffraction model could be used to account for the attenuation changes. The basis of the diffraction model is that transverse cracks or delaminations, or both, initiating and progressing in the specimen under the area covered by the ultrasonic transducer would cause diffraction of the ultrasonic beam and changes in the measured attenuation.

Hayford, D. T.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Depth-dependence of turbulence in stellar atmospheres

Recent observations concerning the depth dependence of motions in stellar atmospheres are reviewed. With regard to turbulence in stellar photospheres, attention is given to evidence from the sun and Arcturus for an increase in the total micro- plus macro-velocities with height, starting at mid-photospheric levels. Concerning stellar chromospheric velocity fields, it is noted that Mg II data point to changes in the hydrodynamic structure of the upper atmosphere. Ca II and Mg II asymmetry observations and other studies are used to describe the upper atmospheric structure of cool evolved stars, particularly coronae and circumstellar envelopes, revealing a depth dependent effect of velocity fields among a wide range of such stars.

Stencel, R. E.↗