Syntheses and characterization of isotopically labeled 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB)
Synthesis and characterization of chemical analogues of TATB, where specific atoms in the structure have been isotopically substituted, are reported. 15 N, 2 H, and 18 O have replaced the naturally occurring isotope distributions in the amino and/or the nitro attendant sites and 13 C has replaced the carbon in the ring structure. A modified wet-amination method was used to produce the analogues, and the isotopic replacements were performed by selective choice of labeled precursors. Four 15 N-labeled compounds (N replaced in the amino and nitro positions), two deuterium-labeled compounds (hydrogens replaced on the amino groups), and one 13 C-labeled compound (C in the ring substituted) were synthesized of high isotopic and chemical purity. One partially labeled 18 O-labeled compound (O in the nitro position) was a result of incomplete labeling due to exchange reactions during synthesis. The compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods – mass spectrometry (MS), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS-NMR), infrared (FTIR), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), depending upon the substitution. In conclusion, these compounds have been critical to the efforts in understanding the decomposition pathways of TATB when exposed to abnormal thermal environments.