Zeus Approach to Critical Process with Calculated Multiplication and Dimensions and Mass of Available Parts [Slides]
Abstract not provided.
21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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A Review of Commercially Available Technologies in Developing Low Carbon Eco-cities
Half of China’s population now lives in cities whose rapidly increasing populations burden already crowded infrastructure and exacerbate environmental and climate change stresses, threatening public health and quality of life (Chinese Society for Urban Studies 2011; Zhou and Williams 2013). To help address these challenges, China’s central and local governments have moved aggressively toward building low-carbon eco-cities, which have significant potential to mitigate and adapt to climate change (Zhou, He, and Williams 2012). However, there is a lack of information to assist policy makers in defining low-carbon eco-cities, evaluating progress toward low-carbon and ecological goals, and finding information on policies and technologies to improve the performance of developing a low-carbon eco-cites.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Final Report Real Time Monitoring of Rates of Subsurface Microbial Activity Associated with Natural Attenuation and Electron Donor Availability
The project was successful in developing new sensing technologies for monitoring rates of microbial activity in soils and sediments and also developed a novel proof-of-concept for monitoring the presence of bioavailable concentrations of a diversity of metabolites and toxic components in sedimentary environments. These studies led not only to publications in the peer-reviewed literature, but also two patent applications and a start-up company.
58 GEOSCIENCES↗
Comparison of ORNL Low Cost Carbon Fiber with Commercially Available Industrial Grade Carbon Fiber in Pultrusion Samples
Composite Applications Group LLC in collaboration with Heil Trailer International partnered in a project to design and develop solutions for light weighting of aluminum dry bulk tank trailers. The project approach was to utilize pultruded composite sections in place of aluminum components to reduce weight thereby saving energy through more efficient transport. Low cost carbon fiber was evaluated as a potential cost saving option that could enhance weight savings at reduced cost versus current commercial material.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Emissions Associated with Electric Vehicle Charging: Impact of Electricity Generation Mix, Charging Infrastructure Availability, and Vehicle Type
With the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with the transportation sector, policy-makers are supporting a multitude of measures to increase electric vehicle adoption. The actual level of emission reduction associated with the electrification of the transport sector is dependent on the contexts that determine when and where drivers charge electric vehicles. This analysis contributes to our understanding of the degree to which a particular electricity grid profile, vehicle type, and charging patterns impact CO2 emissions from light-duty, plug-in electric vehicles. We present an analysis of emissions resulting from both battery electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles for four charging scenarios and five electricity grid profiles. A scenario that allows drivers to charge electric vehicles at the workplace yields the lowest level of emissions for the majority of electricity grid profiles. However, vehicle emissions are shown to be highly dependent on the percentage of fossil fuels in the grid mix, with different vehicle types and charging scenarios resulting in fewer emissions when the carbon intensity of the grid is above a defined level. Restricting charging to off-peak hours results in higher total emissions for all vehicle types, as compared to other charging scenarios.
33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
The Availability of Indium: The Present, Medium Term, and Long Term
Demand for indium is likely to increase if the growth in deployment of the copper-indium-gallium-selenide (CIGS) and III-V thin-film photovoltaic technologies accelerates. There are concerns about indium supply constraints since it is relatively rare element in the earth's crust and because it is produced exclusively as a byproduct.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Complete Evaluation of Available Laboratory-scale Data for the Independence Model
Year 1 Objectives (August 2016 – December 2016) – The original Independence model is a sequentially regressed set of parameters from numerous data sets in the Aspen Plus modeling framework. The immediate goal with the basic data model is to collect and evaluate those data sets relevant to the thermodynamic submodels (pure substance heat capacity, solvent mixture heat capacity, loaded solvent heat capacities, and volatility data). These data are informative for the thermodynamic parameters involved in both vapor-liquid equilibrium, and in the chemical equilibrium of the liquid phase.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Sulfate Salts in Gasoline and Ethanol Fuels -- Historical Perspective and Analysis of Available Data
This report reviews the chemistry of sulfate salts dissolved in ethanol and gasoline, potential sources of sulfate salts in ethanol and gasoline, the history of consumer vehicle issues with sulfate salt deposits in the early 2000s, and the corresponding changes to the denatured fuel ethanol specification. Recommendations for future research are provided. During a period of rapid market expansion in 2004-05, issues were reported with vehicles running on E10 provided by certain suppliers in some markets. It was commonly believed that these vehicle problems were caused by sulfate salts precipitating from the fuel. Investigators identified sodium sulfate, and in one case also ammonium sulfate, as the predominate salts found in the engines. Several stakeholders believed the issue was excess sulfate ions in the ethanol portion of the E10, and in 2005 the ASTM specification for ethanol (D4806) was modified to include a 4-part per million (ppm) limit on sulfate ions. While there have been no further reports of consumer vehicle issues, the recently approved increase of ethanol in gasoline from 10 to 15 volume percent has resulted in renewed interest in the sulfate ion concentration in fuel ethanol. This report reviews published data on the solubility of sulfate salts in ethanol. The possible sources of sulfate anions and charge balancing cations (such as sodium) in fuel ethanol and petroleum derived blendstocks are discussed. Examination of historical information on the consumer vehicle issues that occurred in 2004-2005 reveals that a source of sodium or ammonium ions, required for the formation of the observed insoluble salts, was never identified. Recommendations for research to better understand sulfate salt solubility issues in ethanol, hydrocarbon blendstocks, and ethanol-gasoline blends are presented.
09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
Summary of available data for estimating chloride-induced SCC crack growth rates for 304/316 stainless steel.
The majority of existing dry storage systems used for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) consist of a welded 304 stainless steel container placed within a passively-ventilated concrete or steel overpack. More recently fielded systems are constructed with dual certified 304/304L and in some cases, 316 or 316L. In service, atmospheric salts, a portion of which will be chloride bearing, will be deposited on the surface of these containers. Initially, the stainless steel canister surface temperatures will be high (exceeding the boiling point of water in many cases) due to decay heat from the SNF. As the SNF cools over time, the container surface will also cool, and deposited salts will deliquesce to form potentially corrosive chloride-rich brines. Because austenitic stainless steels are prone to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC), the concern has been raised that SCC may significantly impact long-term canister performance. While the susceptibility of austenitic stainless steels to CISCC in the general sense is well known, the behavior of SCC cracks (i.e., initiation and propagation behavior) under the aforementioned atmospheric conditions is poorly understood.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Sandia/NM Available Mock Warhead Container Inventory
The real H1514 Shipping and Storage Container is an environmentally sealed and desiccated aluminum drum-type container designed to transport the W88/Mk5 Reentry Body Assembly. The H1514 is cylindrical except for a portion of its base, which is 36" square and 3" high and contains the forklift openings. Our mock H1514 retains the dimensions and shape of the real H1514 in a lighter form that is not sealed and does not have ports for desiccation.
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
Fiscal Year 2017 Report on SCALE Maintenance and Development (Publicly Available)
Develop, deploy, and support a quality-assured computational toolkit that advances the state of the art and exemplifies ease of use in a scalable architecture beginning with fundamental physical data and providing research, production, and licensing calculations for current and emerging nuclear modeling and simulation needs.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Historical and Current Trends in Wind Energy Operations Costs and Project Availability: July 2012 - July 2013
This subcontract report details work completed by Garrad Hassan America, Inc. (GL GH) and provides charts, figures and qualitative opinions on trends in wind energy operations costs and reliability in the United States. This work was used to support the development an NREL historical turbine operating cost and reliability baseline. The results presented have been developed from a database maintained by GL GH containing the operating costs for 66 wind projects in North America with over 5,000 wind turbines and approximately 7,000 MW of capacity. maintained by GL GH containing the operating costs for 66 wind projects in North America with over 5,000 wind turbines and approximately 7,000 MW of capacity.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Summary of available data for estimating chloride-induced SCC crack growth rates for 304/316 stainless steel
The majority of existing dry storage systems used for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) consist of a welded 304 stainless steel container placed within a passively-ventilated concrete or steel overpack. More recently fielded systems are constructed with dual certified 304/304L and in some cases, 316 or 316L. In service, atmospheric salts, a portion of which will be chloride bearing, will be deposited on the surface of these containers. Initially, the stainless steel canister surface temperatures will be high (exceeding the boiling point of water in many cases) due to decay heat from the SNF. As the SNF cools over time, the container surface will also cool, and deposited salts will deliquesce to form potentially corrosive chloride-rich brines. Because austenitic stainless steels are prone to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC), the concern has been raised that SCC may significantly impact long-term canister performance. While the susceptibility of austenitic stainless steels to CISCC in the general sense is well known, the behavior of SCC cracks (i.e., initiation and propagation behavior) under the aforementioned atmospheric conditions is poorly understood. A literature survey has been performed to identify SCC crack growth rate (CGR) studies conducted utilizing conditions that may be relevant to existing SNF interim storage canisters, the results of which are presented in this document. The data presented here have been restricted to those representing atmospheric corrosion of stainless steels due to deliquescence of marine salts, or marine salt components, on the metal surface. A suite of experimental studies representing both long-term field tests and accelerated laboratory tests has been identified. Potentially relevant data are summarized in Figures 1-1 (304 SS) and Figure 1-2 (316 SS). In the Figures, when a particular reference utilized a series of samples, the range is shown as a bar, and the average value shown with a symbol. A summary of the test methods, sample geometry, and environmental conditions for each study is given in Table 1-1. While the surveyed studies all explore SCC of austenitic stainless steels under atmospheric conditions, the methods through which each researcher approached the problem do differ, as illustrated in Table 1-1. The surveyed studies utilized a variety of metal treatments including as-fabricated, solution annealed, welded, and sensitized material. Furthermore, different surface treatments (polished vs ground) were also used. In addition, most of these studies were accomplished using techniques that are not generally accepted for high-fidelity crack growth rate measurements, and in cases where more traditional approaches were taken, these methodologies may not be applicable to the atmospheric conditions of interest here. The wide variety of methods and materials results in the observed large scatter in measured CGRs. Each of the data sets in Figures 1-1 and 1-2 is described in more detail in the following sections. A short summary of crack growth rates based on operational experience is also presented.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Summary of Information Available and Recommendations for a Doe Complex-Wide Waste Glass Database
The purpose of this document is to summarize the existing repositories of nuclear waste glass property-composition data produced for DOE. A framework is described for consolidation of the data into a single database. Recommended attributes of the consolidated database are provided, including quality assurance, the user interface, and means for updates and maintenance. Future work will utilize the framework described herein to produce the complex-wide database and establish the user interface.
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
LANSCE 2017-2020 Beam Availability Summaries and Supporting Information
Abstract not provided.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
A Publicly Available, Annotated Dataset for Naturalistic Driving Study and Computer Vision Algorithm Development
Oak Ridge National Laboratory developed and implemented a data collection effort to create a dataset for use in evaluating and testing algorithms for analyzing driver behavior under controlled settings for support of the Federal Highway Administration’s Exploratory Advanced Research Program. This collection is called the ORNL Naturalistic Driving Study Sample (ONDSS). The dataset is designed to emulate aspects of the Second Strategic Highway Research Project (SHRP2), which contained a massive naturalistic driving study (NDS) with over 3000 drivers between 2010 and 2013 using their personal vehicles, with over 4300 person-years of data collected [HANKEY].
42 ENGINEERING↗
AI-Directed Adaptive Multifidelity Modeling of Water Availability and Quality at River Basin Scales
Focal Area: (2) Predictive modeling using AI techniques and AI-derived model components; use of AI and other tools to design a prediction system comprising of a hierarchy of models
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Brine Availability Test in Salt (BATS) Extended Plan for Experiments at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)
This document is a high-level test plan for small-scale experimental activities in boreholes in salt at WIPP.
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗