SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “MUONS”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2010

Muon Collider design status

Muon Collider (MC) - proposed by G.I. Budker and A.N. Skrinsky a few decades ago - is now considered as the most exciting option for the energy frontier machine in the post-LHC era. A national Muon Accelerator Program (MAP) is being formed in the USA with the ultimate goal of building a MC at the Fermilab site with c.o.m. energy in the range 1.5-3 TeV and luminosity of {approx} 1.5 {center_dot} 10{sup 34} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1}. As the first step on the way to MC it envisages construction of a Neutrino Factory (NF) for high-precision neutrino experiments. The baseline scheme of the NF-MC complex is presented and possible options for its main components are discussed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2010

Muon colliders and neutrino factories

Over the last decade there has been significant progress in developing the concepts and technologies needed to produce, capture and accelerate {Omicron}(10{sup 21}) muons/year. This development prepares the way for a new type of neutrino source (Neutrino Factory) and a new type of very high energy lepton-antilepton collider (Muon Collider). This article reviews the motivation, design and R&D for Neutrino Factories and Muon Colliders.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2011

IDR Muon Capture Front End and Variations

The (International Design Report) IDR neutrino factory scenario for capture, bunching, phase-energy rotation and initial cooling of {mu}'s produced from a proton source target is explored. It requires a drift section from the target, a bunching section and a {phi}-{delta}E rotation section leading into the cooling channel. The rf frequency changes along the bunching and rotation transport in order to form the 's into a train of equal-energy bunches suitable for cooling and acceleration. Optimization and variations are discussed. An important concern is rf limitations within the focusing magnetic fields; mitigation procedures are described. The method can be extended to provide muons for a {mu}{sup +}-{mu}{sup -} Collider; variations toward optimizing that extension are discussed.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2015

Cosmic Muon Induced EM Showers in NO$\nu$A

Being a $\nu _e$ appearance experiment, NO$\nu$A finds signal $\nu _e$ events by detecting electrons in the final state of ( $\nu _e$ -CC) interaction. This requires correct modeling and reconstruction of electrons. The biggest background to $\nu _e$ -CC signal events is from $\nu _\mu $ -NC events where $\pi ^0$ from hadronic showers decay into energetic photons which can fake electron-induced electromagnetic (EM) showers. To reduce the background, the particle identification algorithm should be able to correctly identify an EM shower as either from an electrons or from a $\pi ^0$ . Intrinsic beam $\nu _e$ events and $\nu _\mu $ -CC events where muon track is very short, also contribute to the background. Cosmic muons produce EM showers through interaction with detector media or via decay into electrons. These showers, once being isolated, can provide a test sample of pure EM showers. EM shower modelling and reconstruction efficiency in the NO$\nu$A detectors can be better understood and quantified using such a sample.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2018

The Phase-1 Upgrade of the ATLAS Level-1 Endcap Muon Trigger. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics 2017

The Level-1 muon trigger for the ATLAS experiment identifies muons with high transverse momentum. Under the high luminosity condition in LHC Run 3, more powerful trigger system is needed to reject the backgrounds. New trigger processor board for Run 3 has been produced to achieve the required performance, by combining information from five different detectors. The performance of the new board and the readout system has been confirmed by a beam test. The new algorithms to make use of the new detectors have been developed, and are tested by MC simulation. With the new algorithms, the trigger rate is estimated to become lower than the required rate in Run 3.

Akatsuka, Shunichi↗

DOE OSTI2021

Evidence for Higgs boson decay to a pair of muons

Evidence for Higgs boson decay to a pair of muons is presented. This result combines searches in four exclusive categories targeting the production of the Higgs boson via gluon fusion, via vector boson fusion, in association with a vector boson, and in association with a top quark-antiquark pair. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{−1}$, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. An excess of events over the back- ground expectation is observed in data with a significance of 3.0 standard deviations, where the expectation for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson with mass of 125.38 GeV is 2.5. The combination of this result with that from data recorded at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5.1 and 19.7 fb$^{−1}$, respectively, increases both the expected and observed significances by 1%. The measured signal strength, relative to the SM prediction, is $ {1.19}_{-0.39}^{+0.40}{\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)}_{-0.14}^{+0.15}\left(\mathrm{syst}\right) $. This result constitutes the first evidence for the decay of the Higgs boson to second generation fermions and is the most precise measurement of the Higgs boson coupling to muons reported to date.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Aiming for tops of ALPs with a muon collider

Future muon colliders with center-of-mass energy of $\mathcal{O}$ (1 – 10) TeV can provide a clean high-energy environment with advantages in searches for TeV-scale axion-like particles (ALPs), pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons associated with spontaneously broken global symmetries, which are widely predicted in physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). We exploit ALP couplings to SM fermions, and guided by unitarity constraints, build a search strategy focusing on the ALP decay to top quark pairs at muon colliders. It is found that a large parameter space of TeV-scale ALPs with TeV-scale decay constants can be probed by utilizing the ALP-top quark coupling.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2021

Unified framework for B -anomalies, muon g – 2 and neutrino masses

We present a model of radiative neutrino masses which also resolves anomalies reported in B -meson decays, $ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $ and $ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $ , as well as in muon g – 2 measurement, Δ a μ . Neutrino masses arise in the model through loop diagrams involving TeV-scale leptoquark (LQ) scalars R 2 and S 3 . Fits to neutrino oscillation parameters are obtained satisfying all flavor constraints which also explain the anomalies in $ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $ , $ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $ and Δ a μ within 1 σ . An isospin-3/2 Higgs quadruplet plays a crucial role in generating neutrino masses; we point out that the doubly-charged scalar contained therein can be produced in the decays of the S 3 LQ, which enhances its reach to 1.1 (6.2) TeV at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 14 TeV high-luminosity LHC ( $ \sqrt{s} $ = 100 TeV FCC-hh). We also present flavor-dependent upper limits on the Yukawa couplings of the LQs to the first two family fermions, arising from non-resonant dilepton ( pp → ℓ + ℓ – ) processes mediated by t -channel LQ exchange, which for 1 TeV LQ mass, are found to be in the range (0 . 15 – 0 . 36). These limits preclude any explanation of $ {R}_{D^{\left(\ast \right)}} $ through LQ-mediated B -meson decays involving ν e or ν μ in the final state. We also find that the same Yukawa couplings responsible for the chirally-enhanced contribution to Δ a μ give rise to new contributions to the SM Higgs decays to muon and tau pairs, with the modifications to the corresponding branching ratios being at (2–6)% level, which could be tested at future hadron colliders, such as HL-LHC and FCC-hh.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2021

Supersymmetric gauged $ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $ model for electron and muon (g - 2) anomaly

Minimal gauged U 1 L μ - L τ models can provide for an additional source for the muon anomalous magnetic moment however it is difficult to accommodate the discrepancy in the electron magnetic moment in tandem. Owing to the relative sign between the discrepancies in these quantities, it seems unlikely that they arise from the same source. We show that a supersymmetric (SUSY) gauged U 1 L μ - L τ model can accommodate both the muon and electron anomalous magnetic moments in a very simple and intuitive scenario, without utilizing lepton flavor violation. The currently allowed parameter space in this kind of a scenario is constrained from the latest LHC and various low energy experimental data,e.g., recent COHERENT data, CCFR, Borexino, BaBaR, supernova etc. These constraints, in conjunction with the requirement to explain both lepton magnetic moments, lead to an upper bound on the first generation slepton mass, a lower bound on the second generation slepton mass and constricts the allowed range for the new gauge boson mass and coupling. The scheme can be probed at the ongoing COHERENT and Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills experiments and at future experiments, e.g., DUNE, BELLE-II etc.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2023

Heavy neutral leptons at muon colliders

The future high-energy muon colliders, featuring both high energy and low background, could play a critical role in our searches for new physics. The smallness of neutrino mass is a puzzle of particle physics. Broad classes of solutions to the neutrino puzzles can be best tested by seeking the partners of SM light neutrinos, dubbed as heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), at muon colliders. We can parametrize HNLs in terms of the mass m N and the mixing angle with ℓ-flavor U ℓ . In this work, we focus on the regime m N > O(100) GeV and study the projected sensitivities on the |U ℓ | 2 – m N plane with the full-reconstructable HNL decay into a hadronic W and a charged lepton. The projected reach in |U ℓ | 2 leads to the best sensitivities in the TeV realm.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Self-interacting dark matter and muon (g - 2) in a gauged U ( 1 ) L μ − L τ model

We construct a self-interacting dark matter model that could simultaneously explain the observed muon anomalous magnetic moment. It is based on a gauged U ( 1 ) L μ − L τ extension of the standard model, where we introduce a vector-like pair of fermions as the dark matter candidate and a new Higgs boson to break the symmetry. The new gauge boson has a sizable contribution to muon (g - 2), while being consistent with other experimental constraints. The U ( 1 ) L μ − L τ Higgs boson acts as a light force carrier, mediating dark matter self-interactions with a velocity-dependent cross section. It is large enough in galaxies to thermalize the inner halo and explain the diverse rotation curves and diminishes towards galaxy clusters. Since the light mediator dominantly decays to the U ( 1 ) L μ − L τ gauge boson and neutrinos, the astrophysical and cosmological constraints are weak. We study the thermal evolution of the model in the early Universe and derive a lower bound on the gauge boson mass.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2011

Search for Light Resonances Decaying into Pairs of Muons as a Signal of New Physics

A search for groups of collimated muons is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 inverse picobarns. The analysis searches for production of new low-mass states decaying into pairs of muons and is designed to achieve high sensitivity to a broad range of models predicting leptonic jet signatures. With no excess observed over the background expectation, upper limits on the production cross section times branching fraction times acceptance are set, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 pb at the 95% CL depending on event topology. In addition, the results are interpreted in several benchmark models in the context of supersymmetry with a new light dark sector exploring previously inaccessible parameter space.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Minimal models for dark matter and the muon g — 2 anomaly

We construct models with minimal field content that can simultaneously explain the muon g — 2 anomaly and give the correct dark matter relic abundance. These models fall into two general classes, whether or not the new fields couple to the Higgs. For the general structure of models without new Higgs couplings, we provide analytical expressions that only depend on the SU(2) L representation. These results allow to demonstrate that only few models in this class can simultaneously explain (g — 2) μ and account for the relic abundance. Here, the experimental constraints and perturbativity considerations exclude all such models, apart from a few fine-tuned regions in the parameter space, with new states in the few 100 GeV range. In the models with new Higgs couplings, the new states can be parametrically heavier by a factor √1/y μ , with y μ the muon Yukawa coupling, resulting in masses for the new states in the TeV regime. At present these models are not well constrained experimentally, which we illustrate on two representative examples.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Search for vector-like leptons with long-lived particle decays in the CMS muon system in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{\text{s}}$$ = 13 TeV

Abstract A first search is presented for vector-like leptons (VLLs) exclusively decaying into a light long-lived pseudoscalar boson and a standard model τ lepton. The pseudoscalar boson is assumed to have a mass below the τ + τ − threshold, so that it decays exclusively into two photons. It is identified using the CMS muon system. The analysis is carried out using a data set of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1. Selected events contain at least one pseudoscalar boson decaying electromagnetically in the muon system and at least one hadronically decaying τ lepton. No significant excess of data events is observed compared to the background expectation. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the vector-like lepton production cross section as a function of the VLL mass and the pseudoscalar boson mean proper decay length. The observed and expected exclusion ranges of the VLL mass extend up to 700 and 670 GeV, respectively, depending on the pseudoscalar boson lifetime.

Chekhovsky, V. [Yerevan Physics Institute]↗

DOE OSTI2014

Leptophilic dark matter and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon

We consider renormalizable theories such that the scattering of dark matter off leptons arises at tree level, but scattering off nuclei only arises at loop. In this framework, the various dark matter candidates can be classified by their spins and by the forms of their interactions with leptons. In this study, we determine the corrections to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon that arise from its interactions with dark matter. We then consider the implications of these results for a set of simplified models of leptophilic dark matter. When a dark matter candidate reduces the existing tension between the standard model prediction of the anomalous magnetic moment and the experimental measurement, the region of parameter space favored to completely remove the discrepancy is highlighted. Conversely, when agreement is worsened, we place limits on the parameters of the corresponding simplified model. These bounds and favored regions are compared against the experimental constraints on the simplified model from direct detection and from collider searches. Although these constraints are severe, we find there do exist limited regions of parameter space in these simple theories that can explain the observed anomaly in the muon magnetic moment while remaining consistent with all experimental bounds.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Search for vector-like leptons with long-lived particle decays in the CMS muon system in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

A first search is presented for vector-like leptons (VLLs) exclusively decaying into a light long-lived pseudoscalar boson and a standard model τ lepton. The pseudoscalar boson is assumed to have a mass below the τ + τ − threshold, so that it decays exclusively into two photons. It is identified using the CMS muon system. The analysis is carried out using a data set of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 . Selected events contain at least one pseudoscalar boson decaying electromagnetically in the muon system and at least one hadronically decaying τ lepton. No significant excess of data events is observed compared to the background expectation. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the vector-like lepton production cross section as a function of the VLL mass and the pseudoscalar boson mean proper decay length. The observed and expected exclusion ranges of the VLL mass extend up to 700 and 670 GeV, respectively, depending on the pseudoscalar boson lifetime.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2015

Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of electron and muon pair-production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This study presents measurements from the ATLAS experiment of the forward-backward asymmetry in the reaction pp → Z/γ * →ℓ + ℓ - , with ℓ being electrons or muons, and the extraction of the effective weak mixing angle. The results are based on the full set of data collected in 2011 in pp collisions at the LHC at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 fb -1 . The measured asymmetry values are found to be in agreement with the corresponding Standard Model predictions. The combination of the muon and electron channels yields a value of the effective weak mixing angle of sin 2 θ eff lept =0.2308 ± 0.0005(stat.) ± 0.0006(syst.) ± 0.0009(PDF), where the first uncertainty corresponds to data statistics, the second to systematic effects and the third to knowledge of the parton density functions. This result agrees with the current world average from the Particle Data Group fit.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2021

Naturalness and the muon magnetic moment

We study a predictive model for explaining the apparent deviation of the muon anomalous magnetic moment from the Standard Model expectation. There are no new scalars and hence no new hierarchy puzzles beyond those associated with the Higgs; the only new particles at the TeV scale are vector-like singlet and doublet leptons. Interestingly, this simple model provides a calculable example violating the Wilsonian notion of naturalness: despite the absence of any symmetries prohibiting its generation, the coefficient of the naively leading dimension-six operator for (g – 2) vanishes at one-loop. While effective field theorists interpret this either as a surprising UV cancellation of power divergences, or as a delicate cancellation between matching UV and calculable IR corrections to (g – 2) from parametrically separated scales, there is a simple explanation in the full theory: the loop integrand is a total derivative of a function vanishing in both the deep UV and IR. The leading contribution to (g – 2) arises from dimension-eight operators, and thus the required masses of new fermions are lower than naively expected, with a sizeable portion of parameter space already covered by direct searches at the LHC. The viable parameter space free of fine-tuning for the muon mass will be fully covered by future direct LHC searches, and all of the parameter space can be probed by precision measurements at planned future lepton colliders.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗