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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 883 records · Page 49
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Note: A fast pneumatic sample-shuttle with attenuated shocks

We describe a home-built pneumatic shuttle suitable for the fast displacement of samples in the vicinity of a highly sensitive atomic magnetometer. The samples are magnetized at 1 T using a Halbach assembly of magnets. The device enables the remote detection of free-induction-decay in ultra-low-field and zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, in relaxometric measurements and in other applications involving the displacement of magnetized samples within time intervals as short as a few tens of milliseconds. Other possible applications of fast sample shuttling exist in radiological studies, where samples have to be irradiated and then analyzed in a cold environment.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2014

Post magnetic field annealing effect on magnetic and structural properties of Co{sub 80}Pt{sub 20} nanowires and nanotubes fabricated by electrochemical method

Highly ordered Co{sub 80}Pt{sub 20} nanowires (NWs) and nanotubes (NTs) have been synthesized by low cost DC electrochemical deposition method with constant stirring during the fabrication process in anodic aluminum oxide nano-templates with average pore diameter of about 200 nm. The structural and magnetic properties of nanostructures have been investigated before and after simple and magnetic field annealing. Magnetic field of 1 T has been applied during annealing process in the direction perpendicular to NWs and NTs axis. X-Ray Diffraction analysis shows face centered cubic (fcc) as the dominant phase for Co{sub 80}Pt{sub 20} NWs and post annealing led to better crystallinity with retained fcc phase. Furthermore, magnetic properties, including saturation magnetization (M{sub s}), squareness ratio (M{sub r}/M{sub s}), and coercivity (H{sub c}), have been investigated as a function of annealing temperature by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magnetic properties of Nd-Ga-Fe{sub bal}-Nb-B alloy

Here, we have synthesized Nd-Ga-Fe{sub bal}-Nb-B alloy by strip casting method. The crystalline and magnetic properties of sample were investigated with x-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Mössbauer spectrometer. The XRD pattern was analyzed with the Rietveld refinement method, indicating a tetragonal structure and the space group of P4{sub 2}/mnm. The temperature dependence of zero-field cooled (ZFC) magnetization curve was measured under applied field at temperature ranging from 4.2 to 740 K. From the ZFC curve, Curie temperature and spin reorientation temperature are determined to be 615 K and 130 K, respectively. Also, Mössbauer spectra were measured at various temperatures ranging from 4.2 to 620 K. Each spectrum was fitted with 6-sextets for Fe site (8j{sub 1}, 8j{sub 2}, 16k{sub 1}, 16k{sub 2}, 4c, and 4e), and magnetic hyperfine field, Isomer shift, electric quadrupole shift, and area ratio values were obtained from the fit. We observed the change in slope of magnetic hyperfine field and electric quadrupole shift at 130 K while the Curie temperature was determined to be 615 K from the measurement of zero velocity counter, agreeing with the values obtained from VSM measurements.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Rapid phase synthesis of nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite

Synthesis of single phase nanocrystalline Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}) was achieved by single step autocombustion technique with the use of citric acid as a chelating agent in mono proportion with metal. Specimens prepared with this method showed significantly higher initial permeability's than with the conventional process. Single phase nanocrystalline cobalt ferrites were formed at very low temperature. Surface morphology identification were carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The average grain size and density at low temperature increased gradually with increasing the temperature. The single phase formation is confirmed through powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Magnetization measurements were obtained at room temperature by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which showed that the calcined samples exhibited typical magnetic behaviors. Temperature dependent magnetization results showed improved behavior for the nanocrystalline form of cobalt ferrite when compared to the bulk nature of materials synthesized by other methods.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Mass production of magnetic nickel nanoparticle in thermal plasma reactor

We report the mass production of Ni metal nanoparticles using dc transferred arc thermal plasma reactor by homogeneous gas phase condensation process. To increase the evaporation rate and purity of Ni nanoparticles small amount of hydrogen added along with argon in the plasma. Crystal structure analysis was done by using X-ray diffraction technique. The morphology of as synthesized nanoparticles was carried out using FESEM images. The magnetic properties were measured by using vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Microwave properties of RF- sputtered ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} thin films

In this work, RF- magnetron sputtering technique has been employed to deposit nanocrystalline ZnFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} thin films at room temperature. The as grown films were ex-situ annealed in air for 2 h at temperatures from 150°C to 650°C. X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer and ferromagnetic resonance were used to analyze the phase formation, magnetic properties and microwave properties respectively. From the hysteresis loops and ferromagnetic resonance spectra taken at room temperature, a systematic study on the effect of O{sub 2} plasma on microwave properties with respect to processing temperature has been carried out.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Effect of Co{sub 2+} substitution in Mg{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5−x}Co{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} ferrite nanoparticles: Study of structural, dielectric and magnetic properties

Polycrystalline samples of Mg{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5−x}Co{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) with x varying from 0.0-0.5 synthesized by sol-gel auto ignition method. The X-ray diffraction analysis with Retvield refinement reveals the formation of single phase cubic spinel structure. The frequency dependent of real part of dielectric constant has been measured at room temperature and at 100 °C by using an ac impedance analyzer. Except x = 0.5, an increase in the dielectric constant is observed with increase in Co{sup 2+} substitution. Magnetic response has been seen by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (M{sub S}) and coercivity (H{sub C}) increase with increasing the Co{sub 2+} substitution. The cation distribution estimated by Mössbauer spectroscopy shows that Co{sub 2+} and Mg{sub 2+} ions have their preference towards octahedral B site, on the other hand Zn{sub 2+} ions preferentially occupy tetrahedral A site, whereas Fe{sub 3+} ions are randomly distributed over A- and B-site. The as obtained results indicated that the substitution of Co{sub 2+} has brought the significant changes in the structural, electrical and magnetic properties of as prepared Mg-Zn-Co multioxide nanocrystals.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magnetic field role on the structure and optical response of photonic crystals based on ferrofluids containing Co{sub 0.25}Zn{sub 0.75}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles

Ferrofluids based on magnetic Co{sub 0.25}Zn{sub 0.75}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method from aqueous salt solutions of Co (II), ZnSO{sub 4}, and Fe (III) in an alkaline medium. Ferrofluids placed in an external magnetic field show properties that make them interesting as magneto-controllable soft photonic crystals. Morphological and structural characterizations of the samples were obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy studies. Magnetic properties were investigated with the aid of a vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. Herein, the Co{sub 0.25}Zn{sub 0.75}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} samples showed superparamagnetic behavior, according to hysteresis loop results. Taking in mind that the Co-Zn ferrite hysteresis loop is very small, our magnetic nanoparticles can be considered soft magnetic material with interesting technological applications. In addition, by using the plane-wave expansion method, we studied the photonic band structure of 2D photonic crystals made of ferrofluids with the same nanoparticles. Previous experimental results show that a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the ferrofluid plane agglomerates the magnetic nanoparticles in parallel rods to form a hexagonal 2D photonic crystal. We calculated the photonic band structure of photonic crystals by means of the effective refractive index of the magnetic fluid, basing the study on the Maxwell-Garnett theory, finding that the photonic band structure does not present any band gaps under the action of applied magnetic field strengths used in our experimental conditions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magnetic behavior of NiCu nanowire arrays: Compositional, geometry and temperature dependence

Arrays of Ni{sub 100−x}Cu{sub x} nanowires ranging in composition 0 ≤ x ≤ 75, diameter from 35 to 80 nm, and length from 150 nm to 28 μm have been fabricated by electrochemical co-deposition of Ni and Cu into self-ordered anodic aluminum oxide membranes. As determined by X-ray diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy, the crystalline structure shows fcc cubic symmetry with [111] preferred texture and preferential Ni or Cu lattice depending on the composition. Their magnetic properties such as coercivity and squareness have been determined as a function of composition and geometry in a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer in the temperature range from 10 to 290 K for applied magnetic fields parallel and perpendicular to the nanowires axis. Addition of Cu into the NiCu alloy up to 50% enhances both parallel coercivity and squareness. For the higher Cu content, these properties decrease and the magnetization easy axis becomes oriented perpendicular to the wires. In addition, coercivity and squareness increase by decreasing the diameter of nanowires which is ascribed to the increase of shape anisotropy. The temperature dependent measurements reflect a complex behavior of the magnetic anisotropy as a result of energy contributions with different evolution with temperature.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Microfabricated alkali vapor cell with anti-relaxation wall coating

We present a microfabricated alkali vapor cell equipped with an anti-relaxation wall coating. The anti-relaxation coating used is octadecyltrichlorosilane and the cell was sealed by thin-film indium-bonding at a low temperature of 140 °C. The cell body is made of silicon and Pyrex and features a double-chamber design. Depolarizing properties due to liquid Rb droplets are avoided by confining the Rb droplets to one chamber only. Optical and microwave spectroscopy performed on this wall-coated cell are used to evaluate the cell's relaxation properties and a potential gas contamination. Double-resonance signals obtained from the cell show an intrinsic linewidth that is significantly lower than the linewidth that would be expected in case the cell had no wall coating but only contained a buffer-gas contamination on the level measured by optical spectroscopy. Combined with further experimental evidence this proves the presence of a working anti-relaxation wall coating in the cell. Such cells are of interest for applications in miniature atomic clocks, magnetometers, and other quantum sensors.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Broadband electron spin resonance in a nanosized La{sub 0.25}Ca{sub 0.75}MnO{sub 3} manganite

The microwave response of a nanogranular La{sub 0.25}Ca{sub 0.75}MnO{sub 3} manganite has been studied by means of broadband electron spin resonance experiments performed in a commercial magnetic properties measurement system magnetometer using two purpose-built probes. The results concur with the hydrodynamic model for spin-glass systems and allow to determine the gyromagnetic ratio and the effective uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant in a wide range of temperatures. The thermal behavior of both magnitudes provides information about structural transitions and magnetic interactions within the nanosized grains that make the sample. The experiments enable to corroborate the validity of the applied model in this kind of magnetic systems.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Recording-media-related morphology and magnetic properties of crystalline CoPt{sub 3} and CoPt{sub 3}-Au core-shell nanoparticles synthesized via reverse microemulsion

A comparative experimental study of the magnetic properties of CoPt{sub 3} and CoPt{sub 3}/Au nanoparticles as well as a detailed study of the structural properties of the samples by X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer is presented in this work. In addition, the effect of particle size on the structure and magnetic properties of nanoparticles prepared by microemulsion is studied. The correlation between particle size, crystallinity, and magnetization was studied as well. CoPt nanoparticles have been studied intensively over the last decade because of their increased magnetic anisotropy in the ordered phase that can be interesting for high density magnetic recording. A significant high coercivity for as-prepared CoPt{sub 3} and CoPt{sub 3}-Au nanoparticles was obtained at room temperature and enhanced after annealing. The focused aim of our study is to obtain high coercivity at room temperature that follows the Curie-Weiss law. This indicates an interacting system in which the nanoparticles behave like single domain ferromagnetic materials in the particle size range of 8 to 35 nm. In addition, the interaction increases by cooling the samples to low temperature around 15 K. Temperature dependence 1/M graph was obtained to investigate the behavior of nanoparticles at low temperature and shows the best fit with Curie-Weis mode.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

The influence of Nd dopants on spin and orbital moments in Nd-doped permalloy thin films

Magnetic properties of Nd{sub X}-Ni{sub 80}Fe{sub 20(1−X)} thin films have been investigated using x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at room temperature. With the Nd concentration increasing, the ratio of orbital-to-spin moment of Ni and Fe increases significantly, indicating that the spin-orbit coupling in permalloy thin films is enhanced due to the Nd impurities. The spin and orbital moments have been obtained by the sum rules analysis, which shows that the Nd impurities lead to a strong dispersion of spin moments of Fe and Ni while have no effect on orbital moments in Nd-doped permalloy thin films. Element-specific XMCD hysteresis loops suggest an antiferromagnetic coupling between the magnetic moments of Nd and permalloy at room temperature. The static magnetic properties have been studied by vibrating sample magnetometer for comparison, which shows a nice agreement with the XMCD results.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Room temperature multiferroic properties of (Fe{sub x}, Sr{sub 1−x})TiO{sub 3} thin films

This letter reports the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of Fe substituted SrTiO{sub 3} thin films in room temperature. The structural data obtained from x-ray diffraction indicates that (Fe{sub x},Sr{sub 1−x})TiO{sub 3}, the so called FST, transforms from pseudocubic to tetragonal structures with increase of the Fe content in SrTiO{sub 3} thin films, featuring the ferroelectricity, while vibrating sample magnetometer measurements show magnetic hysteresis loops for the samples with low iron contents indicating their ferromagnetism. The characterized ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism confirms strong multiferroitism of the single phase FST thin films in room temperature. Also, an FST thin film metal-insulator-metal multiferroic capacitor has been fabricated and characterized in microwave frequencies between 10 MHz and 5 GHz. A capacitor based on Fe{sub 0.1}Sr{sub 0.9}TiO{sub 3} with a thickness of 260 nm shows a high electric tunability of 18.6% at 10 V and a maximum magnetodielectric value of 1.37% at 0.4 mT with a loss tangent of 0.021 at 1 GHz. This high tuning and low loss makes this material as a good candidate for frequency agile microwave devices such as tunable filters, phase shifters, and antennas.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Milling time and temperature dependence on Fe{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} nanoparticles synthesized by mechanical alloying method

Fe{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} is one type of titanate oxides which has M{sub x}Ti{sub y}O{sub z} crystal structure. It has various kinds of applications due to its electric and magnetic properties such as spintronics, electromagnetic devices, and gas sensor. In this study, Fe{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} nanoparticles were synthesized by simple mechanical alloying using planetary ball milling machine with various milling times and sintering temperatures. TiO{sub 2} and Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} powders obtained from coprecipitation process were used as starting materials. The resulted Fe{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} powders were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Vibration Sample Magnetometer (VSM) in order to observe crystal quality, particles morphology, and magnetic properties respectively. As the milling time increases and the sintering temperature decreases, the crystal size of Fe{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} phase decreases. The smallest crystal size of the synthesized Fe{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} nanoparticles was ∼ 51 nm obtained by the milling time of 25 hours and sintering at 1100°C. The distribution of the resulted Fe{sub 2}TiO{sub 5} nanoparticles was not so homogeneous due to the appearance of small amount impurities. The VSM measurements show that a paramagnetic property was observed which should be analyzed more details on the low external magnetic fields.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Temperature dependence of magnetization and anisotropy in uniaxial NiFe₂O₄ nanomagnets: Deviation from the Callen-Callen power law

The thermal variation of magnetic anisotropy (K) and saturation magnetization (M{sub S}) for uniaxial nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) nanomagnets are investigated. Major magnetic hysteresis loops are measured for the sample at temperatures over the range 5–280 K using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The high-field regimes of the hysteresis loops are modeled using the law of approach to saturation, based on the assumption that at sufficiently high field only direct rotation of spin-moment take place, with an additional forced magnetization term that is linear with applied field. The uniaxial anisotropy constant K is calculated from the fitting of the data to the theoretical equation. As temperature increases from 5 K to 280 K, a 49% reduction of K, accompanied by an 85% diminution of M{sub S} is observed. Remarkably, K is linearly proportional to M{sub S}₂.₆ in the whole temperature range violating the existing theoretical model by Callen and Callen. The unusual power-law behavior for the NiFe₂O₄ uniaxial nanomagnets is ascribed to the non-negligible contributions from inter-sublattice pair interactions, Neel surface anisotropy, and higher order anisotropies. A complete realization of the unusual anisotropy-magnetization scaling behavior for nanoscale two-sublattice magnetic materials require a major modification of the existing theory by considering the exact mechanism of each contributions to the effective anisotropy.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Effect of calcination temperature on microstructure and magnetic properties of Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.25}Cu{sub 0.25} Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method

This paper examines the effect of calcination process on the structural and magnetic properties material nanostructure composite of Ni{sub 0Ð}œ‡{sub 5}Zn{sub 0Ð}œ‡{sub 25}Cu{sub 0.25} Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} ferrites. The samples were successfully prepared by sol-gel method at different calcination temperature, which are 600°C, 700°C, 800°C and 900°C. Morphological investigation, average crystallite size and microstructure of the material were examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The effects of calcination temperature on the magnetic properties were calculated by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD result shows single-phase cubic spinel structure with interval average size 5.9-38 nm, and grain size microstructure of the material was increasing with temperature increases. The highest magnetization saturation was reached at a temperature 800°C with value 53.89 emu/g, and the value coercive force (Hc) was inversely with the grain size.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Low-frequency, self-sustained oscillations in inductively coupled plasmas used for optical pumping

We have investigated very low frequency, on the order of one hertz, self-pulsing in alkali-metal inductively-coupled plasmas (i.e., rf-discharge lamps). This self-pulsing has the potential to significantly vary signal-to-noise ratios and (via the ac-Stark shift) resonant frequencies in optically pumped atomic clocks and magnetometers (e.g., the atomic clocks now flying on GPS and Galileo global navigation system satellites). The phenomenon arises from a nonlinear interaction between the atomic physics of radiation trapping and the plasma's electrical nature. To explain the effect, we have developed an evaporation/condensation theory (EC theory) of the self-pulsing phenomenon.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗