Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Study on the oxygen vacancy redistribution and the mechanism of electrical manipulation of ferromagnetism in diluted magnetic oxides

Electrical manipulation of room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) has been observed in several kinds of transition metal doped diluted magnetic oxide films. We demonstrate using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that the redistribution of the oxygen vacancies in a film under an electric field plays a crucial role in the enhancement of the RTFM. Based on a detailed analysis of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data for the oxygen vacancy distribution in different resistive states, a unified mechanism has been proposed. This work points out a new direction for improving the magnetic properties of these materials by controlling oxygen vacancies in the interior of the films.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2017

Effects of turbulence, resistivity and boundary conditions on helicoidal flow collimation: Consequences for the Von-Kármán-Sodium dynamo experiment

We present hydrodynamic and magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of a liquid sodium flow using the compressible MHD code PLUTO to investigate the magnetic field regeneration in the Von-Karman-Sodium dynamo experiment. The aim of the study is to analyze influence of the fluid resistivity and turbulence level on the collimation by helicoidal motions of a remnant magnetic field. We use a simplified cartesian geometry to represent the flow dynamics in the vicinity of one cavity of a multi-blades impeller inspired by those used in the Von-Karman-Sodium (VKS) experiment. We perform numerical simulations with kinetic Reynolds numbers up to 1000 for magnetic Prandtl numbers between 30 and 0.1. Our study shows that perfect ferromagnetic walls favour enhanced collimation of flow and magnetic fields even if the turbulence degree of the model increases. More specifically the location of the helicoidal coherent vortex in between the blades changes with the impinging velocity. It becomes closer to the upstream blade and impeller base if the flow incident angle is analogous to the TM73 impeller configuration rotating in the unscooping direction. This result is also obtained at higher kinetic Reynolds numbers when the helicoidal vortex undergoes a precessing motion, leading to a reinforced effect in the vortex evolution and in the magnetic field collimation when using again perfect ferromagnetic boundary conditions. Configurations with different materials used for the impeller blades and impeller base confirm a larger enhancement of the magnetic field when perfect ferromagnetic boundary conditions are used compared with the perfect conductor case, although smaller than with a perfect ferromagnetic impeller, as it was observed in the VKS experiment. We further estimate the efficiency of a hypothetical dynamo loop occurring in the vicinity of the impeller and discuss the relevance of our findings in the context of mean field dynamo theory.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Equilibrium, metastability, and hysteresis in a model spin-crossover material with nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic-like and long-range ferromagnetic-like interactions

Phase diagrams and hysteresis loops were obtained by Monte Carlo simulations and a mean- field method for a simplified model of a spin-crossovermaterialwith a two-step transition between the high-spin and low-spin states. This model is a mapping onto a square-lattice S = 1/2 Ising model with antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and ferromagnetic Husimi-Temperley ( equivalent-neighbor) long-range interactions. Phase diagrams obtained by the two methods for weak and strong long-range interactions are found to be similar. However, for intermediate-strength long-range interactions, the Monte Carlo simulations show that tricritical points decompose into pairs of critical end points and mean-field critical points surrounded by horn-shaped regions of metastability. Hysteresis loops along paths traversing the horn regions are strongly reminiscent of thermal two-step transition loops with hysteresis, recently observed experimentally in several spin-crossover materials. As a result, we believe analogous phenomena should be observable in experiments and simulations for many systems that exhibit competition between local antiferromagnetic-like interactions and long-range ferromagnetic-like interactions caused by elastic distortions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

(Ca,Na)(Zn,Mn){sub 2}As{sub 2}: A new spin and charge doping decoupled diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor

Here, we report the successful synthesis of a spin- and charge-decoupled diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) (Ca,Na)(Zn,Mn){sub 2}As{sub 2}, crystallizing into the hexagonal CaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2} structure. The compound shows a ferromagnetic transition with a Curie temperature up to 33 K with 10% Na doping, which gives rise to carrier density of n{sub p} ∼ 10{sup 20 }cm{sup −3}. The new DMS is a soft magnetic material with H{sub C} < 400 Oe. The anomalous Hall effect is observed below the ferromagnetic ordering temperature. With increasing Mn doping, ferromagnetic order is accompanied by an interaction between the local spin and mobile charge, giving rise to a minimum in resistivity at low temperatures and localizing the conduction electrons. The system provides an ideal platform for studying the interaction of the local spins and conduction electrons.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Carrier transport properties of the Group-IV ferromagnetic semiconductor Ge{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x} with and without boron doping

We have investigated the transport and magnetic properties of group-IV ferromagnetic semiconductor Ge{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x} films (x = 1.0 and 2.3%) with and without boron doping grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). In order to accurately measure the transport properties of 100-nm-thick Ge{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x} films, (001)-oriented silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers with an ultra-thin Si body layer (∼5 nm) were used as substrates. Owing to the low Fe content, the hole concentration and mobility in the Ge{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x} films were exactly estimated by Hall measurements because the anomalous Hall effect in these films was found to be negligibly small. By boron doping, we increased the hole concentration in Ge{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x} from ∼10{sup 18} cm{sup −3} to ∼10{sup 20} cm{sup −3} (x = 1.0%) and to ∼10{sup 19} cm{sup −3} (x = 2.3%), but no correlation was observed between the hole concentration and magnetic properties. This result presents a contrast to the hole-induced ferromagnetism in III-V ferromagnetic semiconductors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Expanding the homogeneity range of UFe 2 : Formation of Laves phase UFe 2 +Ni

Uranium-based intermetallic Laves phases (UM 2 ) provide valuable insight into the interplay of 5f orbital hybridization and magnetic properties. However, ferromagnetism in these compounds is rare. UFe 2 is a cubic C15 Laves phase with greatest Curie temperature (T C ) of all such compounds, at 162 K. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel U-based Laves phase, UFe 2 +Ni, effectively forcing excess Ni in to the UFe 2 structure. UFe 2 +Ni crystallizes in the cubic C15 Laves phase, appearing to deviate from the typical UM 2 formula and exhibiting a significantly extended homogeneity range. Annealing this material leads to an increased ferromagnetic transition temperature, between 35 and 155 K, and decreased lattice parameter with higher annealing temperatures. This variation is attributed to changes in Fe and Ni solubility with annealing temperature. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential for tuning magnetic properties in U-based Laves phases through compositional and thermal modifications, expanding the understanding of magnetically ordered intermetallics.

Annealing effects↗
DOE OSTI2018

Laser induced phase transition in epitaxial FeRh layers studied by pump-probe valence band photoemission

We use time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to probe the electronic and magnetization dynamics in FeRh films after ultrafast laser excitations. We present experimental and theoretical results which investigate the electronic structure of FeRh during the first-order phase transition, identifying a clear signature of the magnetic phase. We find that a spin polarized feature at the Fermi edge is a fingerprint of the magnetic status of the system that is independent of the long-range ferromagnetic alignment of the magnetic domains. We use this feature to follow the phase transition induced by a laser pulse in a pump-probe experiment and find that the magnetic transition occurs in less than 50 ps and reaches its maximum in 100 ps.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Noncollinear spin structure with weak ferromagnetism in NbMnP

NbMnP is a metallic material, which consists of the zigzag chains of Mn moments along the b axis. The magnetic susceptibility as well as the resistivity shows an anomaly at 233 K, which indicates an antiferromagnetic phase transition. Our neutron powder diffraction experiment reveals that the magnetic structure is a Q=0 structure and noncollinear with an easy plane anisotropy perpendicular to the b axis, and the a- and c-axis magnetic components align antiferromagnetically and ferromagnetically along the zigzag chain direction, respectively. The ordered moment is 1.2μ B , which is reduced probably due to the itineracy of the Mn moments. A localized picture model suggests that the Q=0 magnetic structure is formed by the frustration among several exchange couplings. A weak ferromagnetic component is also present in the antiferromagnetic phase, which is considered to be caused by a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Magnetic anisotropy of the alkali iridate Na 2 IrO 3 at high magnetic fields: Evidence for strong ferromagnetic Kitaev correlations

The magnetic-field response of the Mott-insulating honeycomb iridate Na 2 IrO 3 is investigated using torque magnetometry measurements in magnetic fields up to 60 T. A peak-dip structure is observed in the torque response at magnetic fields corresponding to an energy scale close to the zigzag ordering (≈15 K) temperature. Using exact diagonalization calculations, we show that such a distinctive signature in the torque response constrains the effective spin models for these classes of Kitaev materials to ones with dominant ferromagnetic Kitaev interactions, while alternative models with dominant antiferromagnetic Kitaev interactions are excluded. We further show that, at high magnetic fields, long range spin correlation functions decay rapidly, pointing to a transition to a long-sought-after field-induced quantum spin liquid beyond the peak-dip structure, suggesting this to be a common feature of the family of Kitaev systems. Finally, Kitaev systems are thus revealed to be excellent candidates for field-induced quantum spin liquids, similar physics having been suggested in another Kitaev system α-RuCl 3 .

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation for ferrimagnets with higher-order interaction

In this work, we present a micromagnetic formulation for modeling the magnetization dynamics and thermal equilibrium in ferrimagnetic materials at low and elevated temperatures. The formulation is based on a mean-field approximation (MFA). In this formulation, the ferrimagnet is described micromagnetically by two coupled sublattices with corresponding interactions, including inter- and intrasublattice micromagnetic exchange as well as four-spin interactions described as an intersublattice molecular field with a cubic dependence of the magnetization. The MFA is used to derive a Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch type equation for ferrimagnetic material, including cases with a ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic phase transitions. For validation, the results obtained via the presented model are compared with recent experimental data for phase transitions in FeRh.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Magnetic anisotropy and spin scattering in (La 2/3 Sr 1/3 )MnO 3 /CaRuO 3 bilayers

Complex ferromagnetic oxides have been identified as possible candidate materials for sources of spin currents. Here we study bilayers of ferromagnetic (La 2/3 Sr 1/3 )MnO 3 (LSMO) and metallic CaRuO 3 (CRO) on LSAT substrates as a model system for spin pumping. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements of these bilayers show evidence of spin pumping across the interface in the form of an increase in Gilbert damping with the addition of CRO. FMR indicates that the presence of CRO modifies the magnetic anisotropy of the LSMO. By increasing CRO thickness, we find a reduction of the out-of-plane anisotropy and simultaneous rotation of the easy axis within the plane, from the $\langle$110$\rangle$ to $\langle$100$\rangle$ axis. The evolution of magnetic anisotropy determined by FMR disagrees with that measured by bulk SQUID magnetometry and is accompanied by structural distortions in the LSMO layer as measured by x-ray diffraction, thus suggesting a change in magnetic anisotropy attributed to structural distortions imposed on LSMO by CRO. These results suggest that while LSMO and CRO remain promising candidates for efficient pure spin current generation and detection, respectively, epitaxial integration of perovskites will cause additional changes which must be accounted for in spintronics applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Exchange biased anomalous Hall effect driven by frustration in a magnetic kagome lattice

Abstract Co $$_{3}$$ 3 Sn $$_{2}$$ 2 S $$_{2}$$ 2 is a ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal that has been the subject of intense scientific interest due to its large anomalous Hall effect. We show that the coupling of this material’s topological properties to its magnetic texture leads to a strongly exchange biased anomalous Hall effect. We argue that this is likely caused by the coexistence of ferromagnetism and geometric frustration intrinsic to the kagome network of magnetic ions, giving rise to spin-glass behavior and an exchange bias.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

CoPt ferromagnetic injector in light-emitting Schottky diodes based on InGaAs/GaAs nanostructures

The possibility of fabricating a ferromagnetic injector based on a near-equiatomic CoPt alloy with pronounced perpendicular magnetization anisotropy in the InGaAs/GaAs spin light-emitting diode is shown. The physical properties of experimental spin light-emitting diode prototypes are comprehensively studied. Circularly polarized electroluminescence of fabricated diodes is obtained in zero magnetic field due to the remanent magnetization of CoPt layers.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Emergent ferromagnetism and T -linear scattering in USb 2 at high pressure [Emergent ferromagnetism in USb 2 under pressure]

The material USb 2 is a correlated, moderately heavy-electron compound within the uranium dipnictide (UX 2 ) series. It is antiferromagnetic with a relatively high transition temperature T N = 204K and a large U-U separation. While the uranium atoms in the lighter dipnictides are considered to be localized, those of USb 2 exhibit hybridization and itineracy, promoting uncertainty as to the continuity of the magnetic order within the UX 2 . We have explored the evolution of the magnetic order by employing magnetotransport measurements as a function of pressure and temperature. We find that the T N in USb 2 is enhanced, moving towards that of its smaller sibling UAs 2 . But, long before reaching a T N as high as UAs 2 , the antiferromagnetism of USb 2 is abruptly destroyed in favor of another magnetic ground state. We identify this pressure-induced ground state as being ferromagnetic based on the appearance of a strong anomalous Hall effect in the transverse resistance in magnetic field. At last with pressure, this emergent ferromagnetic state is suppressed and ultimately destroyed in favor of a non-Fermi-liquid ground state.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1983

Ferromagnetic resonance and magnetic properties of ALHA 81005

Seven chips of primarily matrix material from the Antarctic meteorite ALHA 81005 were analyzed by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and magnetic hysteresis techniques. The FMR spectra of two chips have a resonance at g of about 2.1 that resembles the g of about 2.1 resonance that is characteristic of lunar soils. Thus the FMR spectra are consistent with the lunar regolith being a progenitor for the matrix material. For the two chips, the FMR surface exposure (maturity) index was about 5 units, which is equivalent to a value for an immature lunar soil. The total concentration of metallic iron is on the order of 0.11 equivalent wt. pct, which is within the observed range for Apollo 16 rocks and soils.

Morris, R. V.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Metallic and ferromagnetic carbon allotrope discovered using molecular precursors

Although carbon materials are known for their versatile structures and properties, a crystalline phase of carbon being both metallic and ferromagnetic is yet to be found. Here, using an organic molecular precursor 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene ( C 6 H 12 ) and a comprehensive theoretical study, we have discovered a metastable crystalline carbon phase that is both metallic and ferromagnetic under ambient conditions. The new carbon structures, produced by stacking puckered layers of 4,6-membered rings, are found to exhibit exotic electronic, magnetic, and mechanical properties originating from a special s p 2 − s p 3 bonding topology. These findings open the prospect of realizing the metallic and ferromagnetic carbon allotrope in practice. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Fang, Hong (ORCID:0000000209688687)↗
DOE OSTI2015

On the thermodynamic efficiency of a nickel-based multiferroic thermomagnetic generator: From bulk to atomic scale

A model is developed to correlate the effects of size on the thermodynamic efficiency for a nickel-based multiferroic thermomagnetic generator device. Three existing models are combined in order to estimate this correlation, they are (1) thermodynamic efficiency relations, (2) a model of ferromagnetic transition behavior, and (3) the bond-order length strength correlation. At the smallest size considered, a monolayer of nickel atoms shows a reduction in Curie temperature from its bulk value of T{sub c,Bulk}=630 K to T{sub c,ML}=240 K. This difference is analytically shown to affect the thermodynamic efficiency values when compared to bulk. Various nickel nanofilms are considered as a working body, such that the combined model predicts relative efficiency values that are comparable to the bulk scale, but operating closer to room-temperature when compared to bulk form. This result is unexpected since the absolute efficiency is shown to increase as a function of decreasing size, this discrepancy is explained as a consequence of Curie point suppression. The combined model is also applied to a hypothetical composite made of separated layers of nickel with distinct thicknesses. This composite material is predicted to spread the ferromagnetic transition across a much larger temperature range as compared to bulk nickel, such that this material may be better suited for different applications; for example, as a sensor or thermal switch. Moreover, this combined model is also shown to give a lower-bound estimate for thermodynamic efficiency, since the actual performance depends on material characterizations that have yet to be determined.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2017

Estimation of the superhigh-frequency magnetic permeability of alsifer from the measured permeability of composites

The magnetic permeability of alsifer was restored from the frequency dependences of the dielectric and magnetic permeabilities of powder alsifer (AlSiFe alloy)–wax matrix composites. The permeabilities were measured using the coaxial line technique within a frequency range of 0.05–20 GHz. The effect of the concentration, shape, and size of powder particles on the microwave magnetic properties of composites was considered. A good agreement between the measurement results and the Maxwell–Garnett formula generalized with consideration for the particle shape, the percolation threshold, and the skin-effect was obtained. The found sizes of particles agreed with electron microscopy and granulometry data. Both the frequency and the ferromagnetic resonance line figure of merit (FOM) for lamellar particles proved to be higher than for spherical ones. Alsifer powders were shown to be promising fillers for radioabsorbing materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗