Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1992

1992 IEEE Annual Conference on Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects, 29th, New Orleans, LA, July 13-17, 1992, Proceedings

The papers presented in this volume provide an overview of recent theoretical and experimental research related to nuclear and space radiation effects. Topics dicussed include single event phenomena, radiation effects in particle detectors and associated electronics for accelerators, spacecraft charging, and space environments and effects. The discussion also covers hardness assurance and testing techniques, electromagnetic effects, radiation effects in devices and integrated circuits, dosimetry and radiation facilities, isolation techniques, and basic mechanisms.

Van Vonno, Nick W.↗
DOE OSTI2021

(Paper) TRIPWIRE: Multi-modal Distributed Sensing For Repository Verification

Underground geological repositories for storing used nuclear fuel are being planned and developed around the world. Research is being performed to understand technical aspects of sealing entombed materials and underground repositories to ensure the radiological and nuclear materials remain contained. To support safeguards verification for these facilities research at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is underway to develop and demonstrate a multi-modal sensor system, TRIPWIRE, for containment verification in inaccessible radiological and nuclear waste repositories. The TRIPWIRE system will continuously monitor ionizing radiation and electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of emplaced nuclear materials buried in a repository, reporting on disturbances with a real-time alarm control station. The system will use long-length scintillating fiber bundles (SFBs) to perform area radiation monitoring; these will be coupled to kilometer-scale multimodal optical communication fibers – all light sensors and electronic components used with this system will be located above ground. Electromagnetic fields, and changes in local dielectric conditions caused by intrusion and soil movement, will be monitored using commercial grade, ported "leaky" coaxial cables (PCCs), with control electronics also located above ground. Tamper-indicating self-diagnostic assessments will be done using optical and electronic time domain reflectometry in the SFBs and PCCs, respectively. The result will be a long, kilometer-scale multi-modal SFB-PCC system. Simulation and modeling are being used to inform the work and a demonstration of the system's utility is planned at a nuclear storage facility in the future.

98 - NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL↗
DOE OSTI2022

Progress of Tripwire: Multi-Modal Distributed Sensing for Repository Verification

This project is developing and demonstrating a multi-modal sensor system, TRIPWIRE, for containment verification in inaccessible radiological and nuclear waste repositories. The TRIPWIRE system will continuously monitor ionizing radiation and electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of emplaced nuclear materials buried in a repository, reporting on disturbances with a real-time alarm control station. The system will use long-length scintillating fiber bundles (SFBs) to perform area radiation monitoring; these will be coupled to kilometer-scale multimodal optical communication fibers – all light sensors and electronic components used with this system will be located above ground. Electromagnetic fields, and changes in local dielectric conditions caused by intrusion and soil movement, will be monitored using commercial grade, ported "leaky" coaxial cables (PCCs), with control electronics also located above ground. This paper documents the results of the simulations and modeling efforts that have helped identify the optimal placement of the SFBs. Additionally, the paper includes the current progress on the multi-modal SFB-PCC system, including the fabrication of long-length (>3-m) fibers and their coupling to optical fibers.

98 - NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL↗
DOE OSTI2022

Progress of Tripwire: Multi-modal Distributed Sensing for Repository Verification

This project is developing and demonstrating a multi-modal sensor system, TRIPWIRE, for containment verification in inaccessible radiological and nuclear waste repositories. The TRIPWIRE system will continuously monitor ionizing radiation and electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of emplaced nuclear materials buried in a repository, reporting on disturbances with a real-time alarm control station. The system will use long-length scintillating fiber bundles (SFBs) to perform area radiation monitoring; these will be coupled to kilometer-scale multimodal optical communication fibers – all light sensors and electronic components used with this system will be located above ground. Electromagnetic fields, and changes in local dielectric conditions caused by intrusion and soil movement, will be monitored using commercial grade, ported "leaky" coaxial cables (PCCs), with control electronics also located above ground. This paper documents the results of the simulations and modeling efforts that have helped identify the optimal placement of the SFBs. Additionally, the paper includes the current progress on the multi-modal SFB-PCC system, including the fabrication of long-length (>3-m) fibers and their coupling to optical fibers.

98 - NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL↗
DOE OSTI2018

Femtosecond pulse self-shortening in Kerr media: role of modulational instability in the spectrum formation

The mechanism of femtosecond pulse self-shortening in thin optical materials with Kerr nonlinearity is investigated. The experimentally observed spectral-angular distribution of the radiation intensity on the exit surface of a 1-mm-thick fused silica sample is compared with the results of numerical simulation based on solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for an electromagnetic wave with a transverse perturbation on the axis. Qualitative agreement between the calculated and experimental results confirms the hypothesis about the transient regime of multiple filamentation as a mechanism of femtosecond pulse self-shortening. (paper)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1985

Source energy spectra from demodulation of solar particle data by interplanetary and coronal transport

The data on source energy spectra of solar cosmic rays (SCR), i.e. the data on the spectrum form and on the absolute SCR are of interest for three reasons: (1) the SCR contain the energy comparable to the total energy of electromagnetic flare radiation (less than or equal to 10 to the 32nd power ergs); (2) the source spectrum form indicates a possible acceleration mechanism (or mechanism); and (3) the accelerated particles are efficiently involved in nuclear electromagnetic and plasma processes in the solar atmosphere. Therefore, the data on SCR source spectra are necessary for a theoretical description of the processes mentioned and for the formulation of the consistent flare model. Below it is attempted to sound solar particle sources by means of SCR energy spectrum obtained near the Sun, at the level of the roots of the interplanetary field lines in the upper solar corona. Data from approx. 60 solar proton events (SPE) between 1956-1981. These data were obtained mainly by the interplanetary demodulation of observed fluxes near the Earth. Further, a model of coronal azimuthal transport is used to demodulate those spectra, and to obtain the source energy spectra.

Perez-Peraza, J.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Photon radiation from heavy-ion collisions in the s N N = 19 – 200 GeV regime

We present calculations of prompt and thermal photon production in Au-Au collisions at s N N = 19 – 200 GeV GeV. We discuss features of the spacetime profile of the plasma relevant for electromagnetic emission. We highlight how the suppression of prompt photon production at low s N N can provide a window to measure thermal photons in low collision energies.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effects of Mechanical Load and Ionizing Radiation on Glass

This paper develops an approach to investigation of a solid as an integral system whose fundamental properties are determined by the energetics of its structure. Addressing the subject from a unified viewpoint, we consider the formation, accumulation, and transformations of defects in silicate and aluminophosphate glasses, which emit electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency range as a result of cracking. It has been shown that electron irradiation causes spontaneous electrical discharges, whose magnitude depends on the electron energy and irradiation time. The discharges occur at surface defects. Brush discharges develop in a layer where charged particles are distributed. In a thin layer of a charged dielectric, we observe a breakdown effect. The electrical discharge concentrates at surface defects, which can be produced in advance. A discharge can be initiated by approaching a grounded metallic tip to a charged surface even some time after irradiation. A discharge, mechanical loading, cooling, or heating of glass is accompanied by not only a light burst but also electromagnetic emission (EME), which correlates well with a polymorphic transformation process, thermoluminescence, etc. Thus, the release of accumulated energy from unirradiated and irradiated inorganic glasses on heating and cooling is accompanied by pulsed EME, whose intensity depends on the energy stored in the material.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Linear mode conversion of Langmuir/z-mode waves to radiation: Scalings of conversion efficiencies and propagation angles with temperature and magnetic field orientation

Linear mode conversion (LMC) is the linear transfer of energy from one wave mode to another in an inhomogeneous plasma. It is relevant to laboratory plasmas and multiple solar system radio emissions, such as continuum radiation from planetary magnetospheres and type II and III radio bursts from the solar corona and solar wind. This paper simulates LMC of waves defined by warm, magnetized fluid theory, specifically the conversion of Langmuir/z-mode waves to electromagnetic (EM) radiation. The primary focus is the calculation of the energy and power conversion efficiencies for LMC as functions of the angle of incidence {theta} of the Langmuir/z-mode wave, temperature {beta}=T{sub e}/m{sub e}c{sup 2}, adiabatic index {gamma}, and orientation angle {phi} between the ambient density gradient {nabla}N{sub 0} and ambient magnetic field B{sub 0} in a warm, unmagnetized plasma. The ratio of these efficiencies is found to agree well as a function of {theta}, {gamma}, and {beta} with an analytical relation that depends on the group speeds of the Langmuir/z and EM wave modes. The results demonstrate that the energy conversion efficiency {epsilon} is strongly dependent on {gamma}{beta}, {phi} and {theta}, with {epsilon}{proportional_to}({gamma}{beta}){sup 1/2} and {theta}{proportional_to}({gamma}{beta}){sup 1/2}. The power conversion efficiency {epsilon}{sub p}, on the other hand, is independent of {gamma}{beta} but does vary significantly with {theta} and {phi}. The efficiencies are shown to be maximum for approximately perpendicular density gradients ({phi} Almost-Equal-To 90 Degree-Sign ) and minimal for parallel orientation ({phi}=0 Degree-Sign ) and both the energy and power conversion efficiencies peak at the same {theta}.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Fusion Power measurement at ITER

Nuclear fusion research aims to provide energy for the future in a sustainable way and the ITER project scope is to demonstrate the feasibility of nuclear fusion energy. ITER is a nuclear experimental reactor based on a large scale fusion plasma (tokamak type) device generating Deuterium - Tritium (DT) fusion reactions with emission of 14 MeV neutrons producing up to 700 MW fusion power. The measurement of fusion power, i.e. total neutron emissivity, will play an important role for achieving ITER goals, in particular the fusion gain factor Q related to the reactor performance. Particular attention is given also to the development of the neutron calibration strategy whose main scope is to achieve the required accuracy of 10% for the measurement of fusion power. Neutron Flux Monitors located in diagnostic ports and inside the vacuum vessel will measure ITER total neutron emissivity, expected to range from 1014 n/s in Deuterium - Deuterium (DD) plasmas up to almost 10{sup 21} n/s in DT plasmas. The neutron detection systems as well all other ITER diagnostics have to withstand high nuclear radiation and electromagnetic fields as well ultrahigh vacuum and thermal loads. (authors)

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Cosmic ray transport in astrophysical plasmas

Since the development of satellite space technology about 50 years ago the solar heliosphere is explored almost routinely by several spacecrafts carrying detectors for measuring the properties of the interplanetary medium including energetic charged particles (cosmic rays), solar wind particle densities, and electromagnetic fields. In 2012, the Voyager 1 spacecraft has even left what could be described as the heliospheric modulation region, as indicated by the sudden disappearance of low energy heliospheric cosmic ray particles. With the available in-situ measurements of interplanetary turbulent electromagnetic fields and of the momentum spectra of different cosmic ray species in different interplanetary environments, the heliosphere is the best cosmic laboratory to test our understanding of the transport and acceleration of cosmic rays in space plasmas. I review both the historical development and the current state of various cosmic ray transport equations. Similarities and differences to transport theories for terrestrial fusion plasmas are highlighted. Any progress in cosmic ray transport requires a detailed understanding of the electromagnetic turbulence that is responsible for the scattering and acceleration of these particles.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

New Aspects of the Fluctuation-Electromagnetic Theory of Friction and Radiative Heat Exchange of Levine–Polevoi–Rytov in a System of Two Parallel Plates

It has been shown that the fundamental results obtained in the works by Levine, Polevoi, and Rytov (1980) and Polevoi (1990) adequately describe the rate of radiative heat exchange and dissipative frictional force in a system of two parallel plates in relative lateral motion. Within the framework of the Levine–Polevoi–Rytov theory, a new expression has been obtained for the force of fluctuation-electromagnetic friction of two plates in the terms of local dielectric permittivities and magnetic permeabilities of the plate materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Massively parallel GPU enabled third-order cluster perturbation excitation energies for cost-effective large scale excitation energy calculations

We present here a massively parallel implementation of the recently developed CPS(D-3) excitation energy model that is based on cluster perturbation theory. The new algorithm extends the one developed in Baudin et al. [J. Chem. Phys., 150, 134110 (2019)] to leverage multiple nodes and utilize graphical processing units for the acceleration of heavy tensor contractions. Furthermore, we show that the extended algorithm scales efficiently with increasing amounts of computational resources and that the developed code enables CPS(D-3) excitation energy calculations on large molecular systems with a low time-to-solution. More specifically, calculations on systems with over 100 atoms and 1000 basis functions are possible in a few hours of wall clock time. This establishes CPS(D-3) excitation energies as a computationally efficient alternative to those obtained from the coupled-cluster singles and doubles model.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2014

Numerical and simulation study of terahertz radiation generation by laser pulses propagating in the extraordinary mode in magnetized plasma

A one-dimensional numerical model for studying terahertz radiation generation by intense laser pulses propagating, in the extraordinary mode, through magnetized plasma has been presented. The direction of the static external magnetic field is perpendicular to the polarization as well as propagation direction of the laser pulse. A transverse electromagnetic wave with frequency in the terahertz range is generated due to the presence of the magnetic field. Further, two-dimensional simulations using XOOPIC code show that the THz fields generated in plasma are transmitted into vacuum. The fields obtained via simulation study are found to be compatible with those obtained from the numerical model.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Wave processes in dusty plasma near the Moon’s surface

A plasma—dust system in the near-surface layer on the illuminated side of the Moon is described. The system involves photoelectrons, solar-wind electrons and ions, neutrals, and charged dust grains. Linear and nonlinear waves in the plasma near the Moon’s surface are discussed. It is noticed that the velocity distribution of photoelectrons can be represented as a superposition of two distribution functions characterized by different electron temperatures: lower energy electrons are knocked out of lunar regolith by photons with energies close to the work function of regolith, whereas higher energy electrons are knocked out by photons corresponding to the peak at 10.2 eV in the solar radiation spectrum. The anisotropy of the electron velocity distribution function is distorted due to the solar wind motion with respect to photoelectrons and dust grains, which leads to the development of instability and excitation of high-frequency oscillations with frequencies in the range of Langmuir and electromagnetic waves. In addition, dust acoustic waves can be excited, e.g., near the lunar terminator. Solutions in the form of dust acoustic solitons corresponding to the parameters of the dust—plasma system in the near-surface layer of the illuminated Moon’s surface are found. Ranges of possible Mach numbers and soliton amplitudes are determined.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗