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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 883 records · Page 49
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Theory of the hyperfine structure of the S states of muonic tritium

The hyperfine structure of the energy spectrum of the S levels of muonic tritium has been calculated using the quasi-potential method in quantum electrodynamics (QED). The α{sup 5}- and α{sup 6}-order effects on the polarization of vacuum, the structure and recoil of the nucleus, and relativistic corrections have been taken into account. The obtained numerical values of hyperfine splittings of 239.819 meV (1S state) and 29.965 meV (2S state) can be treated as reliable estimates for comparing with future experimental data of the CREMA collaboration, and hyperfine structure interval Δ{sub 12} = 8ΔE{sup hfs} (2S)–ΔE{sup hfs} (1S) =–0.100 meV can be used for verifying the QED predictions. The resultant precision values of hyperfine splitting are also important for calculating the rates of formation of (μ dt) mesomolecules in muonic catalysis reactions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Influence of BBR-Induced Level Mixing Effect on Cosmological Recombination of Hydrogen and Singly Ionized Helium Atoms

An effect of atomic line broadening induced by the blackbody radiation (BBR) is investigated. Two physically different processes that affect the line broadening are compared within the framework of quantum electrodynamics (QED): the stimulated Raman scattering and BBR-induced level mixing. It is shown that the mixing effect gives the most significant contribution to the line broadening. According to our analysis, it is possible to distinguish both effects in the laboratory experiments. The impact of BBR-induced level mixing on the recombination history of primordial hydrogen and singly ionized helium atoms is discussed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Hyperfine structure of the S- and P-wave states of muonic deuterium

Corrections of order α{sup 5} and α{sup 6} to the hyperfine structure of the S- and P-wave states of muonic deuteriumwere calculated on the basis of the quasipotential approach in quantum electrodynamics. Relativistic corrections, vacuum-polarization and deuteron-structure effects, and recoil corrections were taken into account in this calculation. The resulting hyperfine-splitting values can be used in a comparison with experimental data obtained by the CREMA Collaboration.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Hyperfine structure of the ground state in muonic-lithium ions

Small intervals of the hyperfine structure of the ground state in the muonic-lithium ions (μe{sub 3}{sup 6,7}Li){sup +} were calculated by perturbation theory in the fine-structure constant and in the electronto- muon mass ratio. Vacuum-polarization, recoil, and nuclear-structure effects and electron vertex corrections were taken into account. The values obtained for the small hyperfine-splitting intervals can be used in a comparison with future experimental data and in tests of quantum electrodynamics.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Von Neumann’s quantization of general relativity

Von Neumann’s procedure is applied to quantizing general relativity. Initial data for dynamical variables in the Planck epoch, where the Hubble parameter value coincided with the Planck mass are quantized. These initial data are defined in terms of the Fock orthogonal simplex in the tangent Minkowski spacetime and the Dirac conformal interval. The Einstein cosmological principle is used to average the logarithm of the determinant of the spatial metric over the spatial volume of the visible Universe. The splitting of general coordinate transformations into diffeomorphisms and transformations of the initial data is introduced. In accordance with von Neumann’s procedure, the vacuum state is treated is a quantum ensemble that is degenerate in quantum numbers of nonvacuum states. The distribution of the vacuum state leads to the Casimir effect in gravidynamics in just the same way as in electrodynamics. The generating functional for perturbation theory in gravidynamics is found by solving the quantum energy constraint. The applicability range of gravidynamics is discussed along with the possibility of employing this theory to interpret modern observational data.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2013

Chern-Simon potential in models of interaction of electromagnetic field with thin films

The proposed by Symanzik approach for the modeling of interaction of a macroscopic material body with quantum fields is considered. Its application in quantum electrodynamics enables one to establish the most general form of the action functional describing the interaction of 2-dimensional material surface with photon field. The models making it possible to calculate for thin films from non-ideal conducting material the Casimir energy, Casimir-Polder potential, characteristics of scattering processes and investigation of magneto- and electrostatic phenomena are presented. The specific of regularization and renormalization procedures used by calculations and the physical meaning of obtained results are discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Nuclear radiative recoil corrections to the hyperfine structure of S-states in muonic hydrogen

Nuclear radiative recoil corrections of order α(Zα){sup 5} to the hyperfine splitting of S-states in muonic hydrogen are calculated on the basis of quasipotential method in quantum electrodynamics. The calculation is performed in the infrared safe Fried-Yennie gauge. Modern experimental data on the proton form factors are used.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Kadomtsev−Petviashvili equation for a flow of highly nonisothermal collisionless plasma

It is shown that the equations of two-fluid electrodynamics for a cold ions flow and Boltzmann electrons in the vicinity of the ion-sound point can be reduced to the Kadomtsev−Petviashvili equation. Examples of two-dimensional equilibria with pole singularities obtained by exactly solving the equations are presented. An exact self-similar solution describing a two-dimensional transonic flow and having no pole singularities is found.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Propagation and amplification of microwave radiation in a plasma channel created in gas by a high-power femtosecond UV laser pulse

The time evolution of a nonequilibrium plasma channel created in a noble gas by a high-power femtosecond KrF laser pulse is investigated. It is shown that such a channel possesses specific electrodynamic properties and can be used as a waveguide for efficient transportation and amplification of microwave pulses. The propagation of microwave radiation in a plasma waveguide is analyzed by self-consistently solving (i) the Boltzmann kinetic equation for the electron energy distribution function at different spatial points and (ii) the wave equation in the parabolic approximation for a microwave pulse transported along the plasma channel.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Experimental studies of the magnetic structure and plasma dynamics in current sheets (a review)

Based on measurements of magnetic fields in current sheets, spatial distributions of the electric current and electrodynamic forces in successive stages of the sheet evolution are determined. Two new effects manifesting themselves mostly in the late stages of the current sheet evolution have been discovered, namely, expansion of the current flow region at the periphery of the sheet and the appearance of a region with inverse currents, which gradually expands from the periphery toward the center of the sheet. Using spectroscopic methods, generation of superthermal plasma flows accelerated along the sheet width from the center toward the periphery has been revealed and investigated. The measured energies of accelerated plasma ions satisfactorily agree with the Ampère forces determined from magnetic measurements. The excitation of inverse currents additionally confirms the motion of high-speed plasma flows from the center of the current sheet toward its side edges.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Charging of Macroparticles in a Corona Discharge in an Air Flow

The charging of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} macroparticles with dimensions ranging from 20 to 40 μm in a gas flow passing through a multielectrode corona discharge is investigated. The corona discharge is produced by a system of wire electrodes arranged across the gas flow. The particle charge and mass are measured using a linear electrodynamic trap. For a corona voltage of 18 kV, the average charge-to-mass ratio is found to be 1.69 × 10{sup 13}e/g for particles charged in the positive corona and 1.35 × 10{sup 13}e/g for particles charged in the negative corona.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2017

Temperature evolution of the dielectric response function of Pb(Fe{sub 0.95}Sc{sub 0.05}){sub 2/3}W{sub 1/3}O{sub 3} relaxor ceramics in a wide frequency range

Electrodynamic properties of Pb(Fe{sub 0.95}Sc{sub 0.05}){sub 2/3}W{sub 1/3}O{sub 3} solid solution belonging to A(B'B'')O{sub 3} perovskite structural family have been investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy in a wave-number range of (4 × 10{sup –9}–4 × 10{sup 3}) cm{sup –1} and a temperature range of 100–600 K. The influence of low-frequency relaxations on the vibrational spectrum is determined within the four-parameter factorized dispersion model. Anomalies in the behavior of the dielectric response function are found near the temperature-diffuse maximum of permittivity.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Two Modes of the Self-Similar Evolution of Charged Plasma

Two self-similar modes of evolution of charged particles’ high-current beam are described analytically. The situation being considered falls within the field of nonneutral plasma electrodynamics. The process is considered in terms of the nonlinear 1D evolution of the charge density w(x, t) in the channel of a longdistance transmission line with nonlinearly distributed resistance R, capacitance C, and inductance L: R = R(w), C = C(w), and L = 0. It is shown that initially the front of w(x, t) accelerates and then slows down. The description of the process in the channel is based on the charge conservation law. An idealized “kinematic” approach is used according to which an equation in two unknowns (charge density and current density in the channel) can be reduced to an equation in one unknown w(x, t). A strongly nonlinear wave process is studied. A discontinuous solution w(x, t) is constructed with a zero boundary condition at infinity. Such a model description can apply only for revealing the main qualitative features of a complex process. Analytical expressions for the variation in the evolution of the front velocity and perturbed area length are derived. An interrelation between the nonlinearity parameter of the process and the amount of charge in the interelectrode gap is suggested based on the experimental data for the evolution of streamers.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Simulation of a Radio-Frequency Photogun for the Generation of Ultrashort Beams

A radio-frequency photogun for the generation of ultrashort electron beams to be used in fast electron diffractoscopy, wakefield acceleration experiments, and the design of accelerating structures of the millimeter range is modeled. The beam parameters at the photogun output needed for each type of experiment are determined. The general outline of the photogun is given, its electrodynamic parameters are calculated, and the accelerating field distribution is obtained. The particle dynamics is analyzed in the context of the required output beam parameters. The optimal initial beam characteristics and field amplitudes are chosen. A conclusion is made regarding the obtained beam parameters.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

A Source for Fuel Supply to a Fusion Reactor Core

We present the results of studies of the plasma source based on the coaxial accelerator with the slothole channel geometry for plasma acceleration and working gas inlet into the accelerator via the electrodynamic valve. The plasma parameters at the output of the accelerator are measured. The slot-hole channel of the accelerator created higher jet pressure, as compared to the coaxial channel, especially at large distances from the source. The jet pressure reached 10{sup 6} N/m{sup 2} at a distance of 0.7 m. The source created moderately pure plasma for a current below 80 kA. The density was (2.5–5) × 10{sup 22} m{sup –3}, which was higher than the density obtained with the coaxial gun.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Amplification of Nonpotential Waves in a Magnetized Beam–Plasma System Taking into Account the Evolution of the Plasma

We have analyzed the beam instability taking into account nonpotential effects in a completely magnetized plasma with a density varying slowly with time. It is shown that a frequency shift appears in the amplified signal (during the propagation in such an electrodynamic system); analytic relations determining this shift have been obtained.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Bragg Deflectors of Wave Fluxes for High-Power Relativistic Masers

Quasi-optical Bragg structures that represent sections of planar waveguides with tilted (with respect to the beam propagation direction) corrugation are studied. It is shown that such structures may serve as efficient deflectors for high-power wave fluxes and, hence, can be used for separation of microwave radiation and electron beam in relativistic masers. The corrugation configuration is optimized to increase the efficiency of transformation of wave fluxes to the transverse direction and improve uniformity of the spatial distribution of scattered radiation. The simulated results are verified using cold electrodynamic tests.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Nonperturbative analysis of field theories quantized on the light cone (Final Scientific Report for ER41087)

The primary focus of the work was the development of methods for the nonperturbative solution of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in a form that yields wave functions for the eigenstates, from which hadronic properties can be computed. The principal approach was to use a light-front Hamiltonian formulation. In light-front coordinates, t+z/c plays the role of time, with t the ordinary time, z a space direction, and c the speed of light. This leads to a relativistic formulation that retains useful characteristics of nonrelativistic treatments. A bound state of many constituents can be represented by wave functions that define probabilities for each possible arrangement of internal momenta. These functions satisfy integral equations that can be approximated numerically to yield a matrix representation. The matrix problem can be solved by iterative methods. The approximate wave functions can then be used to compute properties of the bound state. Methods have been developed for model theories and gauge theories, including quantum electrodynamics and theories that are supersymmetric. The work has required the development of new numerical algorithms and computer codes for singular integral equations and eigenvalue problems. A key aspect of the work is the construction of practical procedures for nonperturbative regularization and renormalization. Two methods of regularization have been studied. One is the addition of heavy Pauli--Villars (PV) particles to the Lagrangian, with their metrics and couplings tuned to provide the necessary cancellations in the regularization. The other method of regularization is the addition of supersymmetric partners, to extend a theory to a supersymmetric form. The supersymmetric theories were solved by the supersymmetric discrete light-cone quantization (SDLCQ) method. The most significant accomplishments of the project were the SDLCQ calculation of direct evidence for a Maldacena duality conjecture, construction of a practical light-front quantization for QED in an arbitrary covariant gauge, and invention of the light-front coupled-cluster method, designed to eliminate the need for Fock-space truncations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗