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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 883 records · Page 49
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1986

Analytical techniques of pilot scanning behavior and their application

The state of the art of oculometric data analysis techniques and their applications in certain research areas such as pilot workload, information transfer provided by various display formats, crew role in automated systems, and pilot training are documented. These analytical techniques produce the following data: real-time viewing of the pilot's scanning behavior, average dwell times, dwell percentages, instrument transition paths, dwell histograms, and entropy rate measures. These types of data are discussed, and overviews of the experimental setup, data analysis techniques, and software are presented. A glossary of terms frequently used in pilot scanning behavior and a bibliography of reports on related research sponsored by NASA Langley Research Center are also presented.

Harris, R. L., Sr.↗
DOE OSTI2021

SPRUCE Compositional Stability of Peat in Ecosystem-Scale Warming Mesocosms, 2014 and 2019

This dataset contains measurements of carbohydrate and aromatic compounds in peat samples subjected to various levels of deep peat heating (DPE) and whole ecosystem warming (WEW). Samples were collected in August 2014 and August 2019 at the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experimental site within the Marcell Experimental Forest in northern Minnesota, USA. These data serve to identify chemical changes occurring within peatland soils following five years of warming. Samples were analyzed in the uppermost 2m of peat using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) to quantify the relative abundance of carbohydrate and aromatic compounds in the peat. The peat soils were subjected to DPH beginning in June of 2014 followed by WEW in August of 2015. This dataset contains one data file in comma-separated values (.csv) format. Additional metadata are provided: one data dictionary and a file-level metadata file in comma-separated values (.csv) format and a user guide in PDF (*.pdf) format.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Insight on electrolyte infiltration of lithium ion battery electrodes by means of a new three-dimensional-resolved lattice Boltzmann model

Electrolyte filling takes place between sealing and formation in Lithium Ion Battery (LIB) manufacturing process. This step is crucial as it is directly linked to LIB quality and affects the subsequent time consuming electrolyte wetting process. Although having fast, homogeneous and complete wetting is of paramount importance, this process has not been sufficiently examined and fully understood. For instance, experimentally available data is insufficient to fully capture the complex interplay upon filling between electrolyte and air inside the porous electrode. We report here for the first time a 3D-resolved Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) model able to simulate electrolyte filling upon applied pressure of LIB porous electrodes obtained both from experiments (micro X-ray tomography) and computations (stochastic generation, simulation of the manufacturing process using Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics and Discrete Element Method). The model allows obtaining advanced insights about the impact of the electrode mesostructures on the speed of electrolyte impregnation and wetting, highlighting the importance of porosity, pore size distribution and pores interconnectivity on the filling dynamics. Furthermore, we identify scenarios where volumes with trapped air (dead zones) appear and evaluate the impact of those on the electrochemical behavior of the electrodes.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

The low-temperature heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of greigite (Fe 3 S 4 )

Heat capacity measurements provide important insights into the energetic, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties of materials. Herein we report the heat capacity of greigite (Fe 3 S 4 ) from 1.8 to 300 K. Greigite is a magnetic spinel mineral and through a ferromagnetic magnon term, C fsw = B fsw T 3/2 , ferrimagnetic ordering is observed in the low-temperature heat capacity. Using a set of theoretical fits of the experimental data, we calculate the thermodynamic functions, including the standard entropy ($Δ_{0}^{T}$S m °). Greigite is important in iron sulfide formation and reaction pathways in environmental, ore-forming, and technological settings and previous work has measured enthalpies $ΔH_{r}°$ of formation and decomposition to neighboring phases. In this work, the stability of greigite relative to the elements is demonstrated with a negative Gibbs energy ($ΔG_{r}°$) of formation and the stability relative to decomposition products of pyrrhotite (FeS 1.092 ) and pyrite (FeS 2 ) is demonstrated with a positive Gibbs energy ($ΔG_{r}°$) of decomposition. Values of the standard thermodynamic functions C p,m °, $Δ_{0}^{T}$S m °, $Δ_{0}^{T}$H m °, and Φ m ° are tabulated.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Sub-picosecond Production of Solute Radical Cations in Tetrahydrofuran after Radiolysis

Ultrafast hole transfer from solvent radical cations produced by radiolysis with ~10 ps, 9 MeV electron pulses to solutes was investigated in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Because of rapid fragmentation of initially produced THF +• , solute radical cations are not expected and have not previously been reported. Using 9,9-Dihexyl-2,7-dibromofluorene (Br 2 F) at 5 to 1000 mM, Br 2 F +• was observed with radiation chemical yields up to G = 2.23 / 100 eV absorbed. While more than half of this was the result of direct solute ionization, the results highlight the importance of capture of holes from THF +• prior to solvation and fragmentation. The observed data show a time-resolution limited (15 ps) rise in transient absorption of Br 2 F +• , identical in form to reports of pre-solvated or dry electron capture in water and a few organic liquids, including THF. The results were thus interpreted with a similar formalism, finding C 37 = 1.7 M, the concentration at which 37% of holes escape capture. The yield of solvent hole capture can be accounted for by the formation of solvent holes adjacent to solute molecules reacting faster than they can fragment, however mechanisms such as delocalized holes or rapid hopping may play a role. Finally, low temperature results find over two times more capture, supporting the speculation that if THF +• was longer lived, the yield of capture in under 15 ps would have been at least 2x larger at 1 M Br 2 F, possibly capturing nearly all available holes from the solvent.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2021

Coupling of CTF and TRACE for Modeling of Transients

This report documents the improvements that have been made to the capabilities for coupling CTF to systems codes-specifically, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) TRACE code. An initial systems coupling capability had been set up previously using a nonoverlapping domain approach with the codes exchanging data at the core boundaries. The present work adds a new approach using overlapping domains, in which the system code models the core as well. A new input format has been added to allow the user to specify the physical quantities to be exchanged and their location in the system model, which gives the flexibility of applying one-way or two-way coupling between the codes using the desired data exchanges. In addition to applying thermal-hydraulics (T/H) boundary condition (BC) values obtained from TRACE, a capability was added to allow CTF to apply flow resistance feedback to TRACE to match the CTF core pressure drop. Support was added for executing parallel CTF models within the CTF-systems coupling. The system coupling capability was successfully applied to a parallel MSLB transient, demonstrating that both the one-way and two-way coupling behaved as expected and provided substantial improvements to numerical stability and routine compared to the previous nonoverlapping domain coupling. An initial capability was also developed for performing restart calculations in CTF which will be used in the future for restarting CTF-TRACE simulations at specific points in the transient simulation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Computed Tomography Scanning and Geophysical Measurements of the One Earth Energy Well #1 Core

The computed tomography (CT) facilities and the Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown, West Virginia were used to characterize the Lower Mt. Simon Sandstone and Eau Claire Formation core from the One Earth Energy Well #1 (OEE Well #1) in the Illinois Basin. The primary impetus of this work is a collaboration between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS), the University of Illinois, and One Earth Energy to characterize and make publicly available core information of interest to carbon sequestration efforts in the Illinois Basin. This stratigraphic well and the core data produced in this report will aid in understanding the carbon sequestration potential of the Lower Mt. Simon Sandstone and the sealing capacity of the overlying units. The resultant datasets are presented in this report and can be accessed from NETL's Energy Data eXchange (EDX) online system using the following link: https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/illinois-storage-corridor-one-earth-energy-1-core.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2025

GLBRC Soil Yearlong Incubation 13C-SIP-Lipidomics

Data package for Lipids represent a dynamic, yet stable pool of microbially-derived soil carbon This data is published under a CC0 license. The authors encourage data reuse and request attribution by referencing the below citations for the data packages and associated manuscript. Please cite as: Rempfert KR, Bell SL, Kasanke CP, Kyle JE, Hofmockel KS. 2025. GLBRC Soil Yearlong Incubation 13C-SIP-Lipidomics. [Data Set] PNNL DataHub. doi: Rempfert KR, Bell SL, Kasanke CP, Kyle JE, Hofmockel KS. 2025. MSV000097435: GLBRC soil yearlong incubation 13C-SIP-Lipidomics [Data Set] MassIVE. doi:10.25345/C57659T3K Rempfert KR, Bell SL, Kasanke CP, Kyle JE, Hofmockel KS. 2025. Lipids represent a dynamic, yet stable pool of microbially-derived soil carbon. In Prep This data package consists of compound-specific 13C SIP-lipidomics data from a yearlong tracer incubation experiment designed to investigate microbial lipid persistence in switchgrass bioenergy crop soils. In order to explore how lipid structure may modulate the persistence of C in soil lipids, we leveraged soils from two sites (Michigan - sandy texture, Wisconsin - silty texture) operated by the U.S. Department of Energy-funded Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC). These sites had comparable climates, identical management practices, but contrasting soil textures, allowing us to assess the variability of lipid accrual or degradation in soils as well as provide insight regarding the degree to which edaphic properties may regulate the retention of soil lipids. Untargeted lipidomics analyses were performed to identify 13C-labeled lipids in the soil microbiome after long-term incubation. Soils were supplemented with 100 micrograms glucose per gram dry soil (99 atom % 13C or natural abundance for paired control) and incubated; samples were collected two months and one year after glucose addition. Lipid extracts (MPLEx) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and identified using LIQUID. Calculation of isotopic enrichment of lipids was performed by targeted approach using TarMet to quantify lipid isotopologues and IsoCorrectoR to correct for natural abundance isotopes. Contents: Data package contents reported here are the first version and contain downstream analysis files for the raw LC-MS mass spectrometry files (.mzXML) deposited at the MassIVE database repository under accession MSV000097435 (80 experimental runs; 5.85 GB) | MassIVE DOI: 10.25345/C57659T3K. Support files include the additional data download 'Read Me' file containing data descriptor information. Reported data download contents are structured for compliance with project data sharing guidelines, community standards initiatives, and sponsor stakeholder policies supporting FAIR data principles. Data processing software, analysis tools, and data workflows are listed below corresponding to the host repository long-term location. Available Data Downloads (0.3 GB): "GLBRC soil yearlong incubation 13C-SIP-Lipidomics_readme.txt" - 'Read Me' data package content file (txt) "GLBRC_DataPackage_analysis files" - Data processing files (Rmd) and saved intermediate data processing outputs (rds, csv, xlsx) "GLBRC_13C_lipidomics_dataset.xlsx" - processed data in tabular format (xlsx) Linked Software: LIQUID LC-MS Analysis Software | 10.5281/zenodo.6459462 Lipid Mini-On Software Tools | 10.5281/zenodo.1492803 pmartR Omics Statistical Software | 10.5281/zenodo.6108667 xcms (v4.3.3) TarMet (v1.1.1) IsoCorrectoR (1.24.0) Funding Acknowledgments: This research was supported by an Early Career Research Program award funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) Genomic Science program under FWP 68292, FWP 07880 and EMSL Exploratory Research Project 51095. A portion of this work was performed in the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by OBER and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is a multi-program national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830.

Rempfert, Kaitlin R [Pacific Northwest National La↗
NASA NTRS1984

Force and moment measurements on a 74 deg delta wing with an apex flap

Results are presented of a subsonic experimental investigation of an apex flap concept on a 74 deg swept delta wing with trailing-edge flaps. The apex flap comprised approximately 6 percent of the wing area forward of a transverse hinge, allowing for upward and downward deflection angles from +40 deg to -20 deg. Upward deflection forces leading-edge vortex formation on the apex flap, resulting in an increased lift component on the apex area. The associated nose-up moment balances the nose-down moment due to trailing-edge flaps, resulting in sizeable increase in the trimmed lift coefficient particularly at low angles of attack. Nose-down apex deflection may be used to augment the pitch control for rapid recovery from high-alpha maneuvers. This report presents the balance data without analysis.

Buter, T. A.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Antarctic Meteorite Location and Mapping Project (AMLAMP): Antarctic meteorite location map series explanatory text and user's guide to AMLAMP data

This technical report is an update to LPI Technical Report 89-02, which contained data and information that was current to May 1987. Since that time approximately 4000 new meteorites have been collected, mapped, and characterized, mainly from the numerous ice fields in the Allan Hills-David Glacier region, from the Pecora Escarpment and Moulton Escarpment in the Thiel Mountains-Patuxent region, the Wisconsin Range region, and from the Beardmore region. Meteorite location maps for ice fields from these regions have been produced and are available. This report includes explanatory texts for the maps of new areas and provides information on updates of maps of the areas covered in LPI Technical Report 89-02. Sketch maps and description of locales that have been searched and have yielded single or few meteorites are also included. The meteorite listings for all the ice fields have been updated to include any classification changes and new meteorites recovered from ice fields in the Allan Hills-David Glacier region since 1987. The text has been reorganized and minor errors in the original report have been corrected. Computing capabilities have improved immensely since the early days of this project. Current software and hardware allow easy access to data over computer networks. With various commercial software packages, the data can be used many different ways, including database creation, statistics, and mapping. The databases, explanatory texts, and the plotter files used to produce the meteorite location maps are available through a computer network. Information on how to access AMLAMP data, its formats, and ways it can be used are given in the User's Guide to AMLAMP Data section. Meteorite location maps and thematic maps may be ordered from the Lunar and Planetary Institute. Ordering information is given in Appendix A.

Schutt, J.↗
NASA NTRS2016

S&MA Internship to Support Orion and the European Service Module

As a University Space Research Association (USRA) intern for NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) during the summer 2016 work term, I worked on three main projects for the Space Exploration Division (NC) of the Safety and Mission Assurance (S&MA) Directorate. I worked on all three projects concurrently. One of the projects involved facilitating the status and closure of technical actions that were created during European Service Module (ESM) safety reviews by the MPCV Safety & Engineering Review Panel (MSERP). The two main duties included accurately collecting and summarizing qualitative data, and communicating that information to the European Space Agency (ESA) and Airbus (ESA's prime contractor) in a clear, succinct and precise manner. This project also required that I create a report on the challenges and opportunities of international S&MA. With its heavy emphasis on soft skills, this project taught me how to communicate better, by showing me how to present and share information in an easy-to-read and understandable format, and by showing me how to cooperate with and culturally respect international partners on a technical project. The second project involved working with the Orion Thermal Protection System (TPS) Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) Working Group to create the first full version of the Orion TPS PFMEA. The Orion TPS PFMEA Working Group met twice a week to analyze the Avcoat block installation process for failure modes, the failure modes effects, and how such failure modes could be controlled. I was in charge of implementing changes that were discussed in meeting, but were not implemented real time. Another major task included creating a significant portion of the content alongside another team member outside the two weekly meetings. This project caused me to become knowledgeable about TPS, heatshields, space-rated manufacturing, and non-destructive evaluation (NDE). The project also helped me to become better at working with a small team and helped improved my technical communication skills. My main duty for the third project was creating a Safety Verification Tracking Log (SVTL) for the Orbital Maneuvering System Engine (OMS-E), and contacting subject matter experts to close Hazard Report (HR) control verifications. This project also required me to support other OMS-E safety process tasks, like monitoring OMS-E vibration testing for Quality Assurance (QA) purposes. This project helped me become even more proficient in Excel. Throughout the project, I gained knowledge about the OMS-E system and improved my understanding of pressure systems and propellant systems. In terms of education goals, this work term has affirmed my desire to take a few more space-related courses, like orbital mechanics, so that I can have a better understanding of human spaceflight and the industry surrounding it. However, the work term did not persuade me to pursue a master's degree. In terms of career goals, this work term has helped me clarify the direction I would like to head in the future. The perspective of three summer terms working for NASA in S&MA has allowed me to observe that most S&MA employees joined S&MA after working in other NASA directorates, such as Engineering or Flight Operations. It is my belief that it would be advantageous for both NASA and I for me to broaden my knowledge base and technical skill set by completing hands-on technical work on human spaceflight projects, and for me to integrate my safety experience directly into technical work in other directorates. The other significant advantage to this proposed situation is that if I were to eventually return to S&MA, I would be returning with a substantial set of hands-on technical experience and knowledge, which would be a significant resource for S&MA tasks and projects.

Hutcheson, Connor↗
DOE OSTI2022

Data Mining – Image Analysis of Radiography for Zr Redistribution

The research effort described in this report represents a first attempt to investigate the radial redistribution of Zr in ternary fuel alloys U-xPu-10Zr (x = 0, 8, 19) irradiated in the in-reactor fuel experiments during the operation of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) using methods of image processing on post-irradiation neutron radiographs. Approximately 130,000 metal fuel pins were irradiated in EBR-II during its 30 years of operation to develop and characterize existing and prospective fuels. For many of the metal fuel irradiation experiments, neutron radiography imaging was performed historically now allowing application of modern image analysis techniques to characterize fuel behavior, such as fuel swelling, fluff formation, and now, fuel alloy constituent redistribution. The redistribution of fuel components depends on the temperature field, radially, within the fuel. Specifically, Zr is expected to redistribute radially towards the center of the pin, as well as towards the outer zones. Currently, direct imaging of a pin cross-section through optical methods or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to study the constituents’ redistribution, which is very time-consuming and can only be applied to a limited number of pins. An automated image processing technique allowing for the investigation of fuel radial redistribution zones would significantly accelerate data analysis. In general, if the fuel temperature is hot enough, three redistribution zones are expected, corresponding to the main fuel components (e.g., U, Pu, Zr). While more assessment will be performed in fiscal year (FY)-2023, it seems possible to differentiate the pins according to their fuel composition using image analysis techniques on neutron radiographs of metallic fuel pins based on the analysis to date.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Stress-controlled fatigue of HfNbTaTiZr high-entropy alloy and associated deformation and fracture mechanisms

The stress-controlled fatigue tests are carried out at a stress ratio of 0.1 and a frequency of 10 Hz, and span both low-cycle and high-cycle regimes by varying the applied stress amplitudes. The high-cycle fatigue regime gives a fatigue strength of 497 MPa and a fatigue ratio of 0.44. At equivalent conditions, the alloy's fatigue strength is greater than all other high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with reported high-cycle fatigue data, dilute body-centered cubic alloys, and many structural alloys such as steels, titanium alloys, and aluminum alloys. Through in-depth analyses of crack-propagation trajectories, fracture-surface morphologies and deformation plasticity by means of various microstructural analysis techniques and theoretical frameworks, the alloy's remarkable fatigue resistance is attributed to delayed crack initiation in the high-cycle regime, which is achieved by retarding the formation of localized persistent slip bands, and its good resistance to crack propagation in the low-cycle regime, which is accomplished by intrinsic toughening backed up by extrinsic toughening. Additionally, the stochastic nature of the fatigue data is neatly captured with a 2-parameter Weibull model.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Exploring competitive metal binding and crystallization of UO 2 2+ and Cu 2+ tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid complexes

Solvent extractions are used to separate actinide elements from fission products in nuclear waste streams and the successful isolation of specific species utilize subtle differences in metal ligand binding. Metal ligand binding is also important in crystallization of metal organic materials and herein we explore the importance of competitive binding in the tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (THFTCA) system. This ligand has been previously evaluated for the selective extraction of uranium from other lanthanides and actinides and in the current research, we evaluate the crystallization of uranyl-THFTCA complexes in the presence of Cu 2+ , Sr 2+ , Th 4+ , and Ce 3+ . Three major phases were formed in the crystallization experiments and characterized with single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. Two of the resulting phases were novel (UTHF1 ((C 4 H 10 N 2 )[UO 2 (C 8 H 8 O 9 ) 2 ]∙2H 2 O) and UTHF2 (Na[(UO 2 )(C 8 H 5 O 9 )(H 2 O)]∙ 3.5 H 2 O)), whereas the third (CuTHF1) was previously reported in the literature. Raman spectroscopy was utilized to evaluate spectral changes in the mother liquor of UTHF1, UTHF2, and CuTHF1 over time to assess the crystallization process. Further, isothermal titration calorimetry was used to determine the binding constants for UO 2 2+ and Cu 2+ to the THFTCA ligand in solution and evaluate the role of competitive metal binding in this system. The thermodynamic parameters and the crystallographic data were used to justify the formation of a weaker UO 2 2+ -THFTCA complex. Formation of a weaker UO 2 2+ -THFTCA complex supports our findings that UTHF1 only forms in homomeric systems, but suggests that the crystallization of UTHF2 and CuTHF1 is reliant on the presence of additional counter ions and ligands to change the amount of available THFTCA ligand.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1973

Evaluate the application of ERTS-A data for detecting and mapping sea ice

The author has identified the following significant results. The results of the analysis of data collected during the spring and summer demonstrate that ERTS-1 imagery has a high potential for monitoring arctic sea ice conditions during the time for maximum ice extent through ice-breakup season. In the eastern Beaufort Sea area, the combination of ERTS-1 orbital overlap and a high incidence of cloud-free conditions during the spring assures a high frequency of repetitive satellite coverage. In the mid-Beaufort Sea, numerous fractures and leads can be identified, even in the early spring data. Ice features that can be identified include: development of fractures leading to the formation of distinct ice floes; growth and deterioration of leads; evidence of shearing movements of ice masses; formation of new grey ice within leads; distinction between grey, grey-white, and older forms of ice; and the deterioration of the ice surface evidenced by the formation of puddles, thaw holes, and drainage patterns. Ice conditions in the Bering Sea near St. Lawrence Island reported by aircraft observers participating in the Bering Sea Expedition are in close agreement with the ice conditions mapped from the corresponding ERTS-1 imagery. Ice features identified were: boundaries between grey ice and first year ice, shear leads, and occurrence of open water.

Barnes, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1986

X-ray observations of distant blue clusters of galaxies

X-ray observations are reported for a sample of distant clusters for which the percentage of apparent cluster members that are blue has been determined optically. The X-ray properties of the clusters are not simply related to the optical properties. The X-ray observations do not support models in which blue galaxies change color as a result of ram-pressure stripping, or in which star formation is triggered by interaction with an intracluster medium. The data lend some support to the idea that blue galaxies in distant clusters are being observed immediately after the removal of galactic halos, and before the interstellar medium is depleted (Larson et al., 1980).

Lea, Susan M.↗
NASA NTRS1994

SeaWiFS technical report series. Volume 19: Case studies for SeaWiFS calibration and validation, part 2

This document provides brief reports, or case studies, on a number of investigations and data set development activities sponsored by the Calibration and Validation Team (CVT) within the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Project. Chapter 1 is a comparison with the atmospheric correction of Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) data using two independent radiative transfer formulations. Chapter 2 is a study on lunar reflectance at the SeaWiFS wavelengths which was useful in establishing the SeaWiFS lunar gain. Chapter 3 reports the results of the first ground-based solar calibration of the SeaWiFS instrument. The experiment was repeated in the fall of 1993 after the instrument was modified to reduce stray light; the results from the second experiment will be provided in the next case studies volume. Chapter 4 is a laboratory experiment using trap detectors which may be useful tools in the calibration round-robin program. Chapter 5 is the original data format evaluation study conducted in 1992 which outlines the technical criteria used in considering three candidate formats, the hierarchical data format (HDF), the common data format (CDF), and the network CDF (netCDF). Chapter 6 summarizes the meteorological data sets accumulated during the first three years of CZCS operation which are being used for initial testing of the operational SeaWiFS algorithms and systems and would be used during a second global processing of the CZCS data set. Chapter 7 describes how near-real time surface meteorological and total ozone data required for the atmospheric correction algorithm will be retrieved and processed. Finally, Chapter 8 is a comparison of surface wind products from various operational meteorological centers and field observations. Surface winds are used in the atmospheric correction scheme to estimate glint and foam radiances.

Hooker, Stanford B.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Progress Report on the Airborne Composition Standard Variable Name and Time Series Working Groups of the 2017 ESDSWG

The role of NASA's Earth Science Data Systems Working Groups (ESDSWG) is to make recommendations relevant to NASA's Earth science data systems from users' experiences and community insight. Each group works independently, focusing on a unique topic. Progress of two of the 2017 Working Groups will be presented. In a single airborne field campaign, there can be several different instruments and techniques that measure the same parameter on one or more aircraft platforms. Many of these same parameters are measured during different airborne campaigns using similar or different instruments and techniques. The Airborne Composition Standard Variable Name Working Group is working to create a list of variable standard names that can be used across all airborne field campaigns in order to assist in the transition to the ICARTT Version 2.0 file format. The overall goal is to enhance the usability of ICARTT files and the search ability of airborne field campaign data. The Time Series Working Group (TSWG) is a continuation of the 2015 and 2016 Time Series Working Groups. In 2015, we started TSWG with the intention of exploring the new OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) WaterML 2 standards as a means for encoding point-based time series data from NASA satellites. In this working group, we realized that WaterML 2 might not be the best solution for this type of data, for a number of reasons. Our discussion with experts from other agencies, who have worked on similar issues, identified several challenges that we would need to address. As a result, we made the recommendation to study the new TimeseriesML 1.0 standard of OGC as a potential NASA time series standard. The 2016 TSWG examined closely the TimeseriesML 1.0 and, in coordination with the OGC TimeseriesML Standards Working Group, identified certain gaps in TimeseriesML 1.0 that would need to be addressed for the standard to be applicable to NASA time series data. An engineering report was drafted based on the OGC Engineering Report template, describing recommended changes to TimeseriesML 1.0, in the form of use cases. In 2017, we are conducting interoperability experiments to implement the use cases and demonstrate the feasibility and suitability of these modifications for NASA and related user communities. The results will be incorporated into the existing draft engineering report.

OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) WaterML 2 standar↗