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At least 883 records · Page 49
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

First experimental study of multiple orientation muon tomography, with image optimization in sparse data environments

Due to the high penetrating power of cosmic ray muons, they can be used to probe very thick and dense objects. As charged particles, they can be tracked by ionization detectors, determining the position and direction of the muons. With detectors on either side of an object, particle direction changes can be used to extract scattering information within an object. This can be used to produce a scattering intensity image within the object related to density and atomic number. Such imaging is typically performed with a single detector-object orientation, taking advantage of the more intense downward flux of muons, producing planar imaging with some depth-of-field information in the third dimension. Several simulation studies have been published with multi-orientation tomography, which can form a three-dimensional representation faster than a single orientation view. In this work we present the first experimental multiple orientation muon tomography study. Experimental muon-scatter based tomography was performed using a concrete filled steel drum with several different metal wedges inside, between detector planes. Data was collected from different detector-object orientations by rotating the steel drum. The data collected from each orientation were then combined using two different tomographic methods. Results showed that using a combination of multiple depth-of-field reconstructions, rather than a traditional inverse Radon transform approach used for CT, resulted in more useful images for sparser data. As cosmic ray muon flux imaging is rate limited, the imaging techniques were compared for sparse data. Using the combined depth-of-field reconstruction technique, fewer detector-object orientations were needed to reconstruct images that could be used to differentiate the metal wedge compositions.

Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)↗
DOE OSTI2023

Experimental and Phenomenological Investigations of the MiniBooNE Anomaly

This thesis covers a range of experimental and theoretical efforts to elucidate the origin of the $4.8\sigma$ MiniBooNE low energy excess (LEE). We begin with the follow-up MicroBooNE experiment, which took data along the BNB from 2016 to 2021. This thesis specifically presents MicroBooNE's search for $\nu_e$ charged-current quasi-elastic (CCQE) interactions consistent with two-body scattering. The two-body CCQE analysis uses a novel reconstruction process, including a number of deep-learning-based algorithms, to isolate a sample of $\nu_e$ CCQE interaction candidates with $75\%$ purity. The analysis rules out an entirely $\nu_e$-based explanation of the MiniBooNE excess at the $2.4\sigma$ confidence level. We next perform a combined fit of MicroBooNE and MiniBooNE data to the popular $3+1$ model; even after the MicroBooNE results, allowed regions in $\Delta m^2$-$\sin^2 2_{\theta_{\mu e}}$ parameter space exist at the $3\sigma$ confidence level. This thesis also demonstrates that the MicroBooNE data are consistent with a $\overline{\nu}_e$-based explanation of the MiniBooNE LEE at the $<2\sigma$ confidence level. Next, we investigate a phenomenological explanation of the MiniBooNE excess combining the $3+1$ model with a dipole-coupled heavy neutral lepton (HNL). It is shown that a 500 MeV HNL can accommodate the energy and angular distributions of the LEE at the $2\sigma$ confidence level while avoiding stringent constraints derived from MINER$\nu$A elastic scattering data. Finally, we discuss the Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills experiment--a 10-ton light-based liquid argon detector at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The background rejection achieved from a novel Cherenkov-based reconstruction algorithm will enable world-leading sensitivity to a number of beyond-the-Standard Model physics scenarios, including dipole-coupled HNLs.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electrifying Airport GSE: Monte Carlo Grid Impacts

Airports globally are shifting from ICE-powered to electric Ground Support Equipment (eGSE) to enhance efficiency, reduce operational costs, and improve operator health. Leveraging predictable routes, flat terrain, and low operational speeds, airports provide ideal conditions for electrification. This study evaluates freight GSE electrification at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport (DFW), USA, using the Agile@ platform, which integrates three analytical methods: Freight Facility Model (FFM), Activity-Structure-Intensity-Fuel (ASIF), and Monte Carlo simulations. Results from 10,000 simulations indicate modest but critical increases in electricity demand and significant variability in GSE energy consumption. These insights emphasize the importance of data-driven scheduling, targeted maintenance, and strategic infrastructure planning. For high-uncertainty scenarios, airports are advised to deploy buffer energy storage systems (battery banks), implement demand-response charging strategies, schedule flexible workforce shifts, and prioritize proactive maintenance-particularly for equipment with higher operational uncertainty, such as tug tractors with trailers. Agile@ thus offers a robust, scalable, and data-driven framework to optimize long-term GSE planning and enhance reliability across diverse airport environments.

Bose, Ranjan [ORNL] (ORCID:0009000791026327)↗
DOE OSTI2024

Search for charged-lepton-flavor violating μ τ q t interactions in top-quark production and decay in p p collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

A search for charged-lepton-flavor violating μ τ q t (q = u, c) ) interactions is presented, considering both top-quark production and decay. The data analyzed correspond to 140 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis targets events containing two muons with the same electric charge, a hadronically decaying $\tau$ -lepton and at least one jet, with exactly one b -tagged jet, produced by a μ τ q t interaction. Agreement with the Standard Model expectation within 1.6 standard deviations is observed, and limits are set at the 95% confidence level (CL) on the charged-lepton-flavor violation branching ratio of $\mathcal{B}$(t → μ$\tau$q) < 8.7 x 10 -7 . An effective field theory interpretation is performed yielding 95% CL limits on Wilson coefficients, dependent on the flavor of the associated light quark and the Lorentz structure of the coupling. These range from |c$^{3(2313)}_{lequ}$|Λ 2 < 0.10 TeV -2 for μ$\tau$ut to |c$^{1(2323)}_{lequ}$| /Λ 2 < 1.8 TeV -2 for μ$\tau$ct. An additional interpretation is performed for scalar leptoquark production inducing charged-lepton-flavor violation, with fixed intergenerational couplings. Upper limits on leptoquark coupling strengths are set at the 95% CL, ranging from $\lambda$ LQ = 1.3 to $\lambda$ LQ =3.7 for leptoquark masses between 0.5 and 2.0 TeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

EPCAPE-PT-LANL Measurements: Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer

Coastal cities offer a unique environment for studying aerosol-cloud interactions and the effects of urban emissions on cloud properties. As part of the Eastern Pacific Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (EPCAPE), the Partitioning Thrust by Los Alamos National Laboratory (EPCAPE-PT-LANL) was conducted. Our campaign focused on measuring the optical and chemical properties of aerosols and their interactions within marine stratocumulus clouds in La Jolla, California. EPCAPE-PT-LANL enhances the primary goals of EPCAPE through innovative observations of vapor-phase transitions between aerosols and cloud droplets, the impact of black carbon on aerosol-cloud dynamics, and the effects of cloud processing on aerosol optical properties. Instrument: Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (TSI), DMA Classifier Model 3082 + CPC Detector Model 3752. Data Notes: The SMPS dataset is limited due to necessary instrument maintenance and subsequent extensive downtime. Data is only available from October 21 to November 8, 2023. Post November 22, 2023, the NanoScan instrument provided coverage for the latter half of the campaign. To ensure consistency, the data was resampled into uniform size bins ranging from 15 nm to 667 nm. This adjustment was required due to changes in size bins and the maximum diameter that occurred after maintenance and repairs. Multiple Charge Correction applied, Nanoparticle Agglomerate Mobility Analysis not applied, and Diffusion Correction applied. Header: - List [15 nm to 667 nm] middle of the size bin in nanometers: Data reports the concentration particles in this size bin per cubic centimeter, dN/dLog(dp). - CVI_Flag[bool]: A boolean flag indicating whether the Counterflow Virtual Impactor (CVI) was active (true) or inactive (false) during the measurement.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Searching for a Pulse: Evaluating the Use of Rapid DC Pulses for Diagnosing Battery Health, State-of-Charge, and Safety

Rapid electrochemical diagnostics, like DC pulse sequences or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, are known to be useful for capacity prediction. However, it is unclear how previous results will map to different cell types and use cases and whether rapid diagnostics are useful for remaining useful life prediction or for detecting potential safety issues. To that end, we have collected a data set with ∼50,000 DC pulse measurements from four types of commercial lithium-ion batteries to enable training of state-of-charge, health, and safety diagnostic models via machine-learning. We demonstrate that 120-second DC pulse sequences can be used to predict capacity with 2%–9% average error, which can separate high- from low-capacity cells with only a 0.3% false positive rate but is not accurate enough to estimate remaining useful life. We also find that no safety related targets can be accurately predicted, highlighting the critical need for other non-invasive methods to diagnose battery safety.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Status and perspectives of cLFV at Mu2e

Flavor physics offers a promising way to explore fundamental aspects of the standard model, such asthe mass hierarchy and electroweak symmetry breaking. Within this field, Charged Lepton FlavorViolation (CLFV) stands out as a phenomenon that is strongly suppressed in the Standard Model,making it an excellent probe for potential new physics. Ongoing CLFV experiments, includingMu2e, COMET, MEG, and Mu3e, are preparing for data collection in the coming decade. Amongthe possible searches in the muon sector (𝜇 → 𝑒𝛾, mu3e and muon conversion), two muonconversion experiments will start taking data in few years: Mu2e at Fermilab and COMET atJPArk. Both of them aim to improve the current sensitivity by several orders of magnitude. Thisviolation of charged lepton flavor presents an opportunity to explore novel physics on a scale notcurrently accessible through direct searches at contemporary or planned high-energy colliders.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Advancing Artificial Intelligence with Liquid Argon Neutrino Experiments (Technical Report)

The grant allowed two main contributions: 1) The development of a first successful demonstration of the employment of Optimal Transport in liquid argon time projection chamber neutrino detectors. Optimal Transport, used in other contexts and specifically with LHC calorimetric data, was adapted to address a key particle identification challenge in LArTPCs: the separation of pi0 backgrounds from single-electrons produced in charged-current electron neutrino interactions. The work, leveraging ML methods such as k-nearest-neighbor (kNN) and support-vector-machine (SVM), showed an increase in background rejection of a factor of two or more. Work is now ongoing to incorporate this development in physics analyses for LArTPC experiments and more broadly expand the use of OT in LArTPC detectors including DUNE. This work was done in collaboration with the phenomenology group led by Nathaniel Craig at UCSB. 2) The deployment of NuGraph2, a graph neural network developed for LArTPC reconstruction, in the MicroBooNE experiment. NuGraph2 uses novel graph-neural-network methods on the rather simple LArTPC inputs of reconstructed hits, greatly simplifying the workflow compared to the use of waveform or signal-deconvolved wire ROIs. The network performed particle classification and was shown to address many challenging problems in LArTPC imaging including track-shower separation and the identification of protons and charged pions from primary muons. Our group collaborated with Giuseppe Cerati (FNAL scientist) who is one of the core developers of NuGraph2 to integrate this tool in MicroBooNE’s analysis framework. This consisted in tow key contributions: a) Studying performance on real data, which came with several months of iterations because the MC-trained version of the network was found to show significant bias that our group investigated and addressed. b) Integrating the output hit labeling of NuGraph2 into the existing particle tracking and shower reconstruction code. As a result of this work led by our team NuGraph2 is now enabling a suite of new analyses which benefit from enhanced capabilities and thus broader physics reach. The grant supported primarily the salary of UCSB graduate student Chuyue “Michaelia” Fang as well as partial summer salary support for PI Caratelli. Some funds were used for travel by Michaelia to ML related schools and conferences.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Simulating Muon Capture with MARLEY

Core-collapse supernovae are intense sources of tens-of-MeV neutrinos. Each explosion releases about 1058 neutrinos in a burst lasting tens of seconds. As neutrinos are weakly interacting, they escape more easily compared to photons, allowing them to be observed before the light signal. Understanding low-energy neutrino interactions with argon will be critical for future supernova measurements with the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). Interpreting future DUNE supernova neutrino data will require a high-quality model of O(10 MeV) neutrino interactions, but the dominant charged-current cross section has never been measured at these low energies for an argon target. We exploit the theoretical similarities between muon capture, which has been measured, and antineutrino scattering to test MARLEY (Model of Argon Reaction Low Energy Yields), the simulation code used by DUNE to model supernova neutrino reactions. I implemented C++ code to add a muon capture mode to MARLEY and compared the predictions of the new simulation to measured isotope branching ratios of the residual nuclei. The preliminary branching ratios predicted by MARLEY running in muon capture mode demonstrate promising baseline performance when compared to experimental data and are expected to improve with further model adjustments.

Wong, Baker Louie↗
DOE OSTI2024

Data-Driven Compression of Electron-Phonon Interactions

First-principles calculations of electron interactions in materials have seen rapid progress in recent years, with electron-phonon ( e − ph ) interactions being a prime example. However, these techniques use large matrices encoding the interactions on dense momentum grids, which reduces computational efficiency and obscures interpretability. For e − ph interactions, existing interpolation techniques leverage locality in real space, but the high dimensionality of the data remains a bottleneck to balance cost and accuracy. Here we show an efficient way to compress e − ph interactions based on singular value decomposition (SVD), a widely used matrix and image compression technique. Leveraging (un)constrained SVD methods, we accurately predict material properties related to e − ph interactions—including charge mobility, spin relaxation times, band renormalization, and superconducting critical temperature—while using only a small fraction (1%–2%) of the interaction data. These findings unveil the hidden low-dimensional nature of e − ph interactions. Furthermore, they accelerate state-of-the-art first-principles e − ph calculations by about 2 orders of magnitude without sacrificing accuracy. Our Pareto-optimal parametrization of e − ph interactions can be readily generalized to electron-electron and electron-defect interactions, as well as to other couplings, advancing quantitative studies of condensed matter. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2020

Time-resolved RIXS experiment with pulse-by-pulse parallel readout data collection using X-ray free electron laser

Abstract Time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is one of the developing techniques enabled by the advent of X-ray free electron laser (FEL). It is important to evaluate how the FEL jitter, which is inherent in the self-amplified spontaneous emission process, influences the RIXS measurement. Here, we use a microchannel plate (MCP) based Timepix soft X-ray detector to conduct a time-resolved RIXS measurement at the Ti L 3 -edge on a charge-density-wave material TiSe 2 . The fast parallel Timepix readout and single photon sensitivity enable pulse-by-pulse data acquisition and analysis. Due to the FEL jitter, low detection efficiency of spectrometer, and low quantum yield of RIXS process, we find that less than 2% of the X-ray FEL pulses produce signals, preventing acquiring sufficient data statistics while maintaining temporal and energy resolution in this measurement. These limitations can be mitigated by using future X-ray FELs with high repetition rates, approaching MHz such as the European XFEL in Germany and LCLS-II in the USA, as well as by utilizing advanced detectors, such as the prototype used in this study.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

A universal implementation of radiative effects in neutrino event generators

Due to the similarities between electron-nucleus (eA) and neutrino-nucleus scattering (νA), eA data can contribute key information to improve cross-section modeling in eA and hence in νA event generators. However, to compare data and generated events, either the data must be radiatively corrected or radiative effects need to be included in the event generators. We implemented a universal radiative corrections program that can be used with all reaction mechanisms and any eA event generator. Our program includes real photon radiation by the incident and scattered electrons, and virtual photon exchange and photon vacuum polarization diagrams. It uses the “extended peaking” approximation for electron radiation and neglects charged hadron radiation. This method, validated with GENIE, can also be extended to simulate νA radiative effects. This work facilitates data-event-generator comparisons used to improve νA event generators for the next-generation of neutrino experiments. Program Title: emMCRadCorr CPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/hmsxg82vnf.1 Developer's repository link:https://github.com/e4nu/emMCRadCorr Licensing provisions: AGPLv3 Programming language:C++ Nature of problem: Radiative effects can significantly modify the event kinematics and the resulting cross-sections. Such effects must be accounted for when comparing event generators to eA data. Existing radiative correction codes are tailored to specific processes and topologies, and are limited to a restricted phase space defined by the spectrometer acceptance. Therefore, a more general approach is required to apply radiative corrections to semi-inclusive and exclusive eA measurements. Solution method: Our program incorporates real photon radiation from both the incident and scattered electrons, as well as virtual photon exchange and photon vacuum polarization effects. It employs the “extended peaking” approximation for electron radiation while neglecting contributions from charged hadron radiation. The code is fully decoupled from event generator codes and can be used for all event generators in the market.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Search for charged-lepton flavour violation in top quark interactions with an up-type quark, a muon, and a $τ$ lepton in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

A search for charged-lepton flavour violation (CLFV) in top quark (t) production and decay is presented. The search uses proton-proton collision data corresponding to 138 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the CMS experiment at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The signal consists of the production of a single top quark via a CLFV interaction or top quark pair production followed by a CLFV decay. The analysis selects events containing a hadronically decaying $τ$ lepton and a muon of opposite electric charge, as well as at least three jets, one of which is identified as originating from the fragmentation of a bottom quark. Machine learning classification techniques are used to distinguish signal from standard model background events. The results of this search are consistent with the standard model expectations. The upper limits at 95% confidence level on the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}$ for CLFV top quark decays to a muon, a $τ$ lepton, and an up or a charm quark are set at $\mathcal{B}$(t $\to$ $μτ$u) $\lt$ (0.04, 0.08, and 0.12) $\times$ 10$^{-6}$, and $\mathcal{B}$(t $\to$ $μτ$c) $\lt$ (0.81, 1.71, and 2.05) $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ for scalar, vector, and tensor-like operators, respectively.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Modeling the Dynamics of Energetic Protons in Earth's Inner Magnetosphere

Recently, Van Allen Probes data have revealed the interesting energy-dependent dynamics of energetic protons in Earth's inner magnetosphere. To quantify the role of radial diffusion and charge exchange to the observed energy-dependent dynamics of ring current protons, a 1D radial diffusion model with charge exchange loss is implemented. The observed proton flux over the long-term period of November 2012 to September 2013 is first converted to phase space densities, which are then simulated by our model driven by an outer boundary condition at L* = 5.5 derived from the data. The simulation results show that our model generally captures the transport and acceleration of energetic protons at μ = 30, 50, and 80 MeV/G and K = 0.11 G 1/2 R E , suggesting that radial diffusion is the dominant source mechanism for >75 keV protons at L* = 3.5–5.5. Additionally, the observed fast decay of protons at lower μ and slow decay at higher μ are well captured by the model, demonstrating the dominant role of charge exchange in explaining the observed energy-dependent proton decay. For higher μ protons, prompt losses of protons on the time scale of hours are observed over a wide range of L*, which is too fast to be explained by charge exchange. Some of the prompt losses at high L* regions are reproduced by the model with outward radial diffusion to the outer boundary. However, many prompt losses observed at lower L* regions are not captured by the model, which could be due to other loss mechanisms including electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave scattering and field line curvature scattering.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Non-destructive electrochemical diagnosis of failure mechanisms in aqueous zinc batteries

The early detection of secondary reactions that affect the life and performance of zinc manganese oxide batteries requires a shift from conventional time-consuming and often destructive procedures to rapid lifetime-predictive techniques. In this work, an electrochemical approach is employed to elucidate independent signatures for four common types of failure mechanisms in zinc manganese dioxide (Zn||MnO2) batteries—namely, the loss of zinc inventory, the loss of active material at the cathode, electrolyte depletion, and increased cell impedance. Our findings, specific to coin cell configurations, reveal that each induced failure mechanism can be distinctively modeled and identified based on responses from the rest voltage and columbic-efficiency data for prompt detection. For instance, electrolyte depletion response manifests a distinctive abrupt (>80 %) decrease in columbic efficiency (CE) and charge-rest voltage (Vc) while the discharge-rest voltage remained constant at ~1.3 V. Furthermore, electrolyte rejuvenation of the cell increased the CE to >95 % and restored Vc from ~0.3 to >1.7 V. Recovery experiments and reference performance tests demonstrated consistency between electrochemical descriptors and their associated failure mechanisms. Further, the outcomes of this work provide valuable insights and data models for some of the dominant failure mechanisms present in zinc manganese battery chemistries, which are beneficial to accelerated early-lifetime diagnosis and advancement of Zn batteries development.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Deblending galaxies with variational autoencoders: A joint multiband, multi-instrument approach

ABSTRACT Blending of galaxies has a major contribution in the systematic error budget of weak-lensing studies, affecting photometric and shape measurements, particularly for ground-based, deep, photometric galaxy surveys, such as the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Existing deblenders mostly rely on analytic modelling of galaxy profiles and suffer from the lack of flexible yet accurate models. We propose to use generative models based on deep neural networks, namely variational autoencoders (VAE), to learn probabilistic models directly from data. We train a VAE on images of centred, isolated galaxies, which we reuse, as a prior, in a second VAE-like neural network in charge of deblending galaxies. We train our networks on simulated images including six LSST bandpass filters and the visible and near-infrared bands of the Euclid satellite, as our method naturally generalizes to multiple bands and can incorporate data from multiple instruments. We obtain median reconstruction errors on ellipticities and r-band magnitude between ±0.01 and ±0.05, respectively, in most cases, and ellipticity multiplicative bias of 1.6 per cent for blended objects in the optimal configuration. We also study the impact of decentring and prove the method to be robust. This method only requires the approximate centre of each target galaxy, but no assumptions about the number of surrounding objects, pointing to an iterative detection/deblending procedure we leave for future work. Finally, we discuss future challenges about training on real data and obtain encouraging results when applying transfer learning.

Arcelin, Bastien↗
DOE OSTI2020

Reconstruction for Liquid Argon TPC Neutrino Detectors Using Parallel Architectures.

Neutrinos are particles that interact rarely, so identifying them re-quires large detectors which produce lots of data. Processing this data with thecomputing power available is becoming more dicult as the detectors increasein size to reach their physics goals. In liquid argon time projection chambers(TPCs) the charged particles from neutrino interactions produce ionization elec-trons which drift in an electric field towards a series of collection wires, and thesignal on the wires is used to reconstruct the interaction. The MicroBooNEdetector currently collecting data at Fermilab has 8000 wires, and planned fu-ture experiments like DUNE will have 100 times more, which means that thetime required to reconstruct an event will scale accordingly. Modernization ofliquid argon TPC reconstruction code, including vectorization, parallelizationand code portability to GPUs, will help to mitigate these challenges. The liquidargon TPC hit finding algorithm within theLArSoftframework used acrossmultiple experiments has been vectorized and parallelized. This increases thespeed of the algorithm on the order of ten times within a standalone version onIntel architectures. This new version has been incorporated back intoLArSoftso that it can be generally used. These methods will also be applied to otherlow-level reconstruction algorithms of the wire signals such as the deconvolu-tion. The applications and performance of this modernized liquid argon TPCwire reconstruction will be presented.

Berkman, Sophie↗
DOE OSTI2021

In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of 68 Fe from charge exchange on 68 Co projectiles

Excited states in the neutron-rich nucleus 68 Fe were populated using a 9 Be( 68 Co, 68 Fe + γ)X charge-exchange reaction at 95 MeV/u. The new γ-ray transitions reported here for the first time complement data from β-decay studies and nucleon knockout reactions. In comparison to shell-model calculations with the LNPS effective interaction, two candidate states for the $6$$^{+}_{1}$ level emerge. Here, the distinct population pattern of excited states and the magnitude of the cross section, σ inc = 0.51(6) mb, make this reaction a promising one for future in-beam γ -ray spectroscopy. Reaction calculations with nuclear structure input from a new, locally optimized Hamiltonian, f7j4a, together with general considerations for heavy-ion-induced charge-exchange reactions appear consistent with most of the observations, although challenges remain.

59 ≤ A ≤ 89↗