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At least 883 records · Page 49
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2019

In-Flight Line-Of-Sight Pointing Performance for the GOES-16 and GOES-17 Spacecraft

The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R program (GOES-R) has launched two of the next generation geostationary weather satellites, both of which are now fully operational. GOES-16 launched in November 2016, and GOES-17 launched in March 2017. In this paper, we present the pointing and pointing stability results of the two spacecraft, with specific focus on aspects of the design related to mitigating jitter. The flight instrument suite includes 6 seismic accelerometers sampled at approximately 2 kilohertz, allowing in-flight verification of pointing stability and comparison back to simulation predictions. This paper compares the observed flight results with the simulation predictions for acceleration and shock response spectrum (SRS) for various operational scenarios and instrument observation modes. Passive isolation of both the reaction wheels and the payload deck have proved to be effective in reducing jitter responses. Active Vibration Damping (AVD) of flexible-body modes attenuates the low frequency motion of the vehicle appendages, improving the low-frequency pointing performance. Knowledge of the instrument scan mirror motion is fed forward to the reaction wheel control, reducing disturbances on the spacecraft bus. Attitude knowledge and rate data are provided to the primary Earth-observing instrument with an accuracy defined by the Integrated Rate Error (IRE) requirements. The data are used to adjust instrument scanning. As we show in this paper, the in-flight performance of the GN&C (Guidance, Navigation and Control) design provides the necessary capabilities to achieve the demanding GOES-R mission objectives while its robustness enabled the simultaneous operation of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) prime and redundant cryocoolers (CCs) to resolve an in-flight cooling anomaly on GOES-17.

Line-of-Sight↗
NASA NTRS2020

Isotopes of H, N, and O in H Chondrite Xenoliths

Brecciated H chrondites host a variety of xenoliths, including unshocked, phyllosilate-rich carbonaceous chondrites (CCs) [1-2]. The brecciated H chondrite Zag (H3-6) is one of two chondrites to host macroscopic (1 - 5mm), xenolithic crystals of halite (NaCl) with aqueous fluid inclusions and organics [3-4]. A ~1cm CC xenolith in Zag (Zag clast) also encloses halite in its matrix, linking the halite and the xenolith to the same parent object. The Zag clast has mineralogy similar to CI chondrites, but it has a unique bulk oxygen isotopic composition among all meteorites (Δ17O = 1.49 ± 0.04 ‰, 𝛿18O = 22.38 ± 0.17 ‰) and is therefore derived from a uniquely sampled parent object [5-6]. Organics have high bulk 𝛿D and 𝛿15N values with isotopic "hotspots" similar to organics in CR chondrites and Bells (C2-ung.) [6-7]. Bulk 𝛿15N is also similar to CRs and Bells [7]. We provide further isotopic characterization of the Zag clast to constrain the formation temperature and origin of its primary and secondary components.

Frank, D.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Sub-Zero Alteration in an Isotopically Heavy Brine Preserved in a Pristine H Chondrite Xenolith

Introduction: Brecciated H chondrites host a variety of xenoliths, including unshocked, phyllo- silicate-rich carbonaceous chondrites (CCs). The brecciated H chondrite Zag (H3-6) is one of two chondrites to host macroscopic (1 - 5mm), xenolithic crystals of halite (NaCl) with aqueous fluid inclusions and organics. A ~1cm CC xenolith in Zag (Zag clast) has mineralogy similar to CI chondrites, but it has a unique bulk oxygen isotopic composition among all meteorites (Δ(exp 17)O = 1.49 ± 0.04 ‰, δ(exp 18)O = 22.38 ± 0.17 ‰). The Zag clast encloses halite in its matrix, linking the coarse, matrix halite and the xenolith to the same parent object, suggested to be hydrovolcanically active. Its bulk C and N contents are the highest among chondrites and bulk δ(exp 15)N is similar to CR chondrites and Bells. Insoluble organic material (IOM) in the Zag clast has δD and δ(exp 15)N “hotspots”, also similar to CR chondrites and Bells (C2-ung.). We provide further isotopic characterization of the Zag clast to constrain the formation temperature and origin of its primary and secondary components.

Frank, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS2021

Breakdown and Self-healing in Tantalum Capacitors

Reliability of tantalum capacitors depends on the efficiency of self-healing that restores parts after breakdown. In this work, different types of polymer and MnO2 cathode capacitors have been tested for scintillation breakdown using a constant current stress (CCS) technique modified to allow detection of amplitudes and duration of current spikes. Monitoring of leakage currents with time under bias is used to assess the effect of scintillations. The appearance and composition of damaged sites have been examined after deprocessing and cross-sectioning. Thermal processes during scintillations have been analyzed, a mechanism of breakdown based on growth of conductive filaments in the dielectric suggested, and self-healing processes in polymer and MnO2 cathode capacitors discussed.

tantalum capacitor↗
NASA NTRS2021

Breakdown in Tantalum Capacitors

Failures in tantalum capacitors can be considered as a time-dependent-breakdown and reliability of all types of capacitors, including wet, MnO2 and polymer cathode parts, depends on the efficiency of self-healing that can mend parts after breakdown. A mechanism of self-healing in MnO2 capacitors is associated with oxygen reduction in the cathode layer and isolation of the breakdown site with high-resistive Mn2O3/Mn3O4 compositions. Although this mechanism is commonly accepted, details of self-healing have not been analyzed sufficiently yet, and the effects of scintillations on behavior of the parts has not been fully understood. There is a lack of data on the self-healing efficiency in different lots of capacitors. Even less is known about self-healing in polymer tantalum capacitors. In this work, different types of polymer and MnO2 capacitors have been tested for scintillation breakdown using a constant current stress (CCS) technique modified to allow detection of the amplitudes and durations of current spikes during breakdown. Characteristics of the parts and in particular leakage currents were measured to assess the efficiency of self-healing and improve screening processes for tantalum capacitors. Damaged sites were localized using infrared camera and their appearance analyzed after deprocessing and crosssectioning. Thermal effects during scintillations have been modeled, self-healing processes in polymer and MnO2 cathode capacitors discussed, and mechanisms of breakdown based on the growth of conductive filaments in the dielectric suggested.

tantalum polymer capacitors↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Characterization of Collection Efficiency of the Common Research Model Midspan Wing Section in the IRT

This paper presents a preliminary study for the characterization of collection efficiency from icing tests conducted in the Icing Research Tunnel at NASA Glenn Research Center. A test method previously developed for measuring the attachment line maximum collection efficiency of a swept NACA 0012 airfoil model at zero angle of attack was applied to the leading-edge region of a 65%-scale version of the Common Research Model midspan wing section. A correlation for the stagnation line maximum collection efficiency as a function of the modified inertia parameter was obtained with LEWICE3D simulations utilizing a discrete number of drop diameters. It was then compared with the collection efficiency measurement data obtained in the IRT. For the experimental collection efficiency, two ice shape digitization procedures were utilized to extract 2-D chord-wise ice shape profiles, i.e., the Maximum Combined Cross Section or MCCS, and the Minimum Combined Cross Section or Min CCS, at selected span-wise locations from the 3-D scanned ice shapes. The preliminary result showed that the rime ice thickness method can be used to characterize the collection efficiency distribution, for conditions free of ice erosion, in the main ice shape region. However, a high-order statistical processing of the ice scan is needed for estimating the mean ice thickness in areas where feathers are prevalent. From the limited comparison of the experimental and LEWICE3D collection efficiency data in the CRM65 MS model leading edge area, it was shown that the attachment line maximum collection efficiency is reasonably estimated by the best curve-fit correlation in the range of modified inertia parameter tested. A tighter alignment control of the iced and cold clean model scans is needed to improve the comparison. Further evaluation of this correlation is recommended to assess its applicability for Common Research Model type swept wing icing scaling analysis.

Ice Scailing↗
NASA NTRS2021

How Well Do Multisatellite Products Capture the Space–Time Dynamics of Precipitation? Part I: Five Products Assessed via a Wavenumber–Frequency Decomposition

As more global satellite-derived precipitation products become available, it is imperative to evaluate them more carefully for providing guidance as to how well precipitation space–time features are captured for use in hydrologic modeling, climate studies, and other applications. Here we propose a space–time Fourier spectral analysis and define a suite of metrics that evaluate the spatial organization of storm systems, the propagation speed and direction of precipitation features, and the space–time scales at which a satellite product reproduces the variability of a reference “ground-truth” product (“effective resolution”). We demonstrate how the methodology relates to our physical intuition using the case study of a storm system with rich space–time structure. We then evaluate five high-resolution multisatellite products (CMORPH, GSMaP, IMERG-Early, IMERG-Final, and PERSIANN-CCS) over a period of 2 years over the southeastern United States. All five satellite products show generally consistent space–time power spectral density when compared to a reference ground gauge–radar dataset (GV-MRMS), revealing agreement in terms of average morphology and dynamics of precipitation systems. However, a deficit of spectral power at wavelengths shorter than 200 km and periods shorter than 4 h reveals that all satellite products are excessively “smooth.” The products also show low levels of spectral coherence with the gauge–radar reference at these fine scales, revealing discrepancies in capturing the location and timing of precipitation features. From the space–time spectral coherence, the IMERG-Final product shows superior ability in resolving the space–time dynamics of precipitation down to 200-km and 4-h scales compared to the other products.

Clement Guilloteau↗
NASA NTRS2024

Enstatite Chondrite Outgassing and Condensate Formation: Implications for Early Atmosphere Development

Early atmospheres on rocky planets where life may develop form through outgassing of their original starting blocks, likely a mixture of chondritic material (carbonaceous chondrites (CC), ordinary chondrites (OC), and enstatite chondrites (EC)). However, there is limited experimental data to inform models connecting a planet’s bulk composition to its early atmospheric properties and thus its possibility for life. Thompson et al. (2021) took a major step for-ward in exploring this knowledge gap by measuring outgassing of 3 volatile-rich CCs, providing important experimental constraints on the initial chemical com-position of early rocky planet atmospheres. These data provided novel insights into the gas chemistry released into evolving atmospheres early in a rocky planet’s history and differed from those currently assumed by many theoretical models of rocky planet atmosphere formation. In this study, we focused on the outgassing and condensation reactions of a primitive EC3, which has a lower intrinsic oxygen fugacity ( ƒ O 2 ) and lower volatile content than the CCC meteorites investigated by. We selected the EC to explore differences between EC and CC in low-pressure, high-temperature outgassing and condensation including S, Cl, Na, and C species.

B A Anzures↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Mineralogy of Bennu From Spectral Analysis of the Sample Returned By OSIRIS-REx

Here we report on preliminary tests of hypotheses related to the mineralogy of Bennu that were generated from spectral data collected during the asteroid operations phase of the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and SecurityRegolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission. We focus on whether laboratory spectra confirm the hypotheses that (a) Bennu inorganic materials are dominated by Mg-rich phyllosilicates (with less than 10 vol% anhydrous silicates), contain magnetite, and exhibit signatures of up to three distinct carbonate phases, and (b) the dominant lithologies are comparable in bulk mineralogy to the most aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrites (CCs; petrologic types ≤2.4 in the classification, or types 1 and 2 in the classification). Signatures of organics also were detected but are not discussed here. Analysis of material returned from asteroid Bennu contributes to the broader goals of the OSIRIS-REx mission by allowing us to compare sample data at microscopic scales to meteorites, meter-scale asteroid observations, and disk-integrated ground-based observations. These results allow us to better recognize, and resolve, key gaps in our understanding of primitive solar system bodies.

V. E. Hamilton↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Techno-Economic Analysis of Green Hydrogen Energy Storage in A Cryogenic Flux Capacitor

The Cryogenic Flux Capacitor (CFC) is a cold, dense energy storage core that is being studied in the cryo-compressed, about 300 bar and 80K, region of gaseous hydrogen (GH 2 ) storage and liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ) region near the normal boiling point. Hydrogen storage is improved by physically bonding the molecules within the nanoscale pores of the aerogel composite blanket material. The process of bonding or debonding is governed by principles of physical adsorption (physisorption) and thermodynamics. The large surface area afforded by the nanoporous aerogel (~1,000 m 2 /g) allows its storage performance to easily exceed capacities of high-pressure GH 2 storage for an equivalent volume. With the integrated aerogel, subscale tests have shown that storage is increased by about 36% over a simple tank filled with GH 2 at the same operating temperature and pressure. For LH 2 conditions, the CFC is shown to operate at improved densities, but testing is ongoing. For the techno-economic analysis (TEA), the source of hydrogen is compared between onsite steam methane reforming (SMR) and onsite solar photovoltaic (PV) panels providing power to electrolyzers to produce green GH 2 . The TEA compares pure hydrogen produced at a small scale for a 25 MW power system and at a large scale in a 500 MW power system. The system allowed for hydrogen imports and exports at a set price with a tank sized for 10 hours of power production. The two power producing technologies are a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) and hydrogen fuel cells. The SMR system uses natural gas as an input and includes a carbon capture and storage (CCS) system. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH), and levelized cost of storage (LCOS) are developed based on the capital cost and operating cost of the systems. The results are shown for current costs using a 2021 benchmark and DOE projections for cost improvements by 2030. The TEA showed that onsite hydrogen generation from SMR has an LCOH of about 1.4 to 2 USD per kg over the life of the plant and the PV hydrogen production LCOH is about 5.2 to 5.5 USD per kg. The LCOS of conventional GH 2 systems is estimated to be $210/MWh and cost of storage for LH 2 systems is $205/MWh for fuel cell systems and $249/MWh for CCGT systems. CFC improved the LCOS of all these systems to $198/MWh, $191/MWh and $233/MWh respectively. The LCOE also improved with conventional systems between $171/MWh and $228/MWh improved by CFC to between $167/MWh and $212/MWh. Using projections for improvement in costs following DOE’s goals by 2030, green hydrogen improved to as low as $78/MWh LCOS and LCOE for conventional cases. CFC improved over conventional storage with the lowest LCOS being $62/MWh and the lowest LCOE being $73/MWh. These results correspond to an LCOH of $2/kg. Finally, the TEA shows how LCOE is improved for hydrogen conditioning and storage over conventional systems and caverns in the 10 to 50 hour range.

Joshua Schmitt↗
DOE OSTI2012

Renewable Energy and Climate Change

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued the Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN) at http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/ (May 2011 electronic version; printed form ISBN 978-1-107-60710-1, 2012). More than 130 scientists contributed to the report.* The SRREN assessed existing literature on the future potential of renewable energy for the mitigation of climate change within a portfolio of mitigation options including energy conservation and efficiency, fossil fuel switching, RE, nuclear and carbon capture and storage (CCS). It covers the six most important renewable energy technologies - bioenergy, direct solar, geothermal, hydropower, ocean and wind, as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It also takes into consideration the environmental and social consequences associated with these technologies, the cost and strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2015

Mineralization of Carbon Dioxide: Literature Review

CCS research has been focused on CO2 storage in geologic formations, with many potential risks. An alternative to conventional geologic storage is carbon mineralization, where CO2 is reacted with metal cations to form carbonate minerals. Mineralization methods can be broadly divided into two categories: in situ and ex situ. In situ mineralization, or mineral trapping, is a component of underground geologic sequestration, in which a portion of the injected CO2 reacts with alkaline rock present in the target formation to form solid carbonate species. In ex situ mineralization, the carbonation reaction occurs above ground, within a separate reactor or industrial process. This literature review is meant to provide an update on the current status of research on CO2 mineralization. 2

Romanov, V↗
DOE OSTI2015

Using Advanced Modeling to Accelerate the Scale-Up of Carbon Capture Technologies

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of many approaches that are critical for significantly reducing domestic and global CO2 emissions. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Clean Coal Technology Program Plan envisions 2nd generation CO2 capture technologies ready for demonstration-scale testing around 2020 with the goal of enabling commercial deployment by 2025 [1]. Third generation technologies have a similarly aggressive timeline. A major challenge is that the development and scale-up of new technologies in the energy sector historically takes up to 15 years to move from the laboratory to pre-deployment and another 20 to 30 years for widespread industrial scale deployment. In order to help meet the goals of the DOE carbon capture program, the Carbon Capture Simulation Initiative (CCSI) was launched in early 2011 to develop, demonstrate, and deploy advanced computational tools and validated multi-scale models to reduce the time required to develop and scale up new carbon capture technologies. The CCSI Toolset (1) enables promising concepts to be more quickly identified through rapid computational screening of processes and devices, (2) reduces the time to design and troubleshoot new devices and processes by using optimization techniques to focus development on the best overall process conditions and by using detailed device-scale models to better understand and improve the internal behavior of complex equipment, and (3) provides quantitative predictions of device and process performance during scale up based on rigorously validated smaller scale simulations that take into account model and parameter uncertainty[2]. This article focuses on essential elements related to the development and validation of multi-scale models in order to help minimize risk and maximize learning as new technologies progress from pilot to demonstration scale.

Miller, David↗
DOE OSTI2015

Drilling, Completion, and Data Collection Plans An Assessment of Geological Carbon Sequestration Options in the Illinois Basin: Phase III

Executive Summary The Illinois Basin – Decatur Project (IBDP) is managed by the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC) and is led by the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) at the University of Illinois. The project site is located on the Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) property in Decatur, Illinois, and is a fully integrated carbon capture and storage (CCS) project that uses CO₂ captured from the ethanol-producing fermentation process at the ADM corn-processing plant (Finley et. al., 2013). IBDP has a goal of injecting one million tonnes of CO₂ into the basal sands of the Mt. Simon Sandstone over a three-year period. This is a multifaceted project, and this report details the planning and results of the drilling, completions, well testing, log data acquisition, and the Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) aspects of the project. Three deep wells were planned for the IBDP: • The injection well: Injection Well #1 (CCS1); • The monitoring well (both in-zone and above seal): Verification Well #1 (VW1); and • The geophone monitoring well: Geophysical Monitoring Well #1 (GM1). The detailed plans for these wells are attached to the appendices of this document. The wells were drilled successfully with little deviation from the original plans. The biggest change from the plan to execution was the need to adjust for larger-than-expected loss of circulation in the Potosi section of the Knox Formation. The completions reports also attached to this document detail the well constructions as they were actually built. Injectivity testing was carried out, and the perforating plans were adjusted based on the results. Additional perforations and acidizing were performed as a result of the injectivity testing. The testing plans are detailed in this report along with the actual testing results. The injectivity testing results were used in the modeling and simulation efforts. Detailed HSE plans were developed and implemented during the planning and execution phases of the project. The implementation included an HSE Bridging Document, which served to unify the HSE policies of the project partners and key subcontractors. The HSE plan and actual HSE results are presented in this document. There were no recordable HSE incidents during the project. A detailed logging program was developed based on project needs. The log data were acquired in accordance with the plan, and both the plan and log results are presented in this report. Log data were heavily utilized by the research staff, modelers, reservoir engineers, and for technical and permitting efforts. 5 Several key lessons were learned during the project: • Safety in operations and execution is paramount and is only achieved through proper planning and behavior control. The certainty of this was reinforced through implementation of this lesson and the resultant flawless HSE performance during the project. • Losses of drilling fluid circulation were larger than anticipated within the Potosi Formation. Circulation was only recovered through cementing the loss zones. • When possible, minimizing complexity in permit requirements and well designs is preferable. • The size of the wells were outside of the standard experience and expertise typical within the basin, and therefore required substantial planning and ramp-up of contractors and partners to meet project objectives. • With multiple stakeholders and research partners, establishing objectives and requirements early and adhering to change request procedures throughout the project are critical to manage competing data and sampling objectives that may be detrimental to overall progress. The well construction and completion operations were successfully executed, with all wells built in a manner that achieved excellent wellbore integrity. Log planning involved a number of stakeholders and technical specialists. Data collection from logging, coring, and testing was excellent. Time and effort spent with the associated contractors and suppliers to develop a well plan beyond normal scope proved highly successful, resulting in a well-construction and completion project that surpassed expectations. The world-class HSE results also demonstrate the commitment of all stakeholders in the project. The details follow in the body of this document

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2011

Decision Point 2 of Statement of Project Objectives (SOPO) “Recovery Act: Development of ITM Oxygen Technology for Integration with Advanced Industrial Systems”

Air Products is carrying out a scope of work under Phase 5 of the ITM Oxygen Cooperative Agreement to design, build, and operate a ceramic membrane fabrication facility (the “CerFab”) to enable production of membrane modules to supply a conceptual 2000 ton per day (TPD) ITM Oxygen facility (the “ITM Oxygen Development Facility”), and to perform supporting development tasks in materials development an engineering development toward industrial, carbon capture and sequestration applications. Air Products is executing this project under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) with the objective to accelerate the adoption of ITM Oxygen technology to help meet the country’s goals for deploying clean power plants. The objective of this Topical Report is to address the requirements of Decision Point 2, which pertains to progress in Materials Development, Engineering Development, and construction of the CerFab, with an emphasis on establishing the environmental permitting required prior to the next Decision Point. In the area of Materials Development, Air Products has specified a high pressure dilatometer system which will enable measurements of material expansion of ITM ceramic compounds at very high oxygen partial pressures consistent with CCS applications. Also in this area, Ceramatec has made significant progress in developing Advanced Architecture wafers and modules by advancing in parallel with two production methods of the Advanced Architecture components and determining the appropriate equipment required to make these components at high volume in the CerFab. Work in this area continues to refine the CerFab requirements. Under Engineering Development, Air Products has developed various concepts around use of ITM in industrial applications to reduce carbon footprint though process integrations that result in less fuel requirement. Air Products also developed notions around hybrid cryogenic air separation plants with ITM Oxygen plants for scale-up test applications. Toward the CerFab, Air Products and Ceramatec have refined the manufacturing process for ceramic membrane modules and developed an equipment layout in the Tooele, Utah, facility that was leased earlier this year. Based on the refined specification, Air Products determined material flows in the CerFab facility, including emissions calculations that form the basis for seeking the various environmental permits required by the project. The permits and permitting schedule is described. Finally, the Project and Staffing statuses are summarized. Based on the considerable progress at this juncture in the program, Air Products recommends proceeding to develop detailed equipment specifications for the CerFab and to continue the development work in the other tasks, such that a complete and comprehensive assessment of project prior to construction of the CerFab can be made at the next Decision Point.

Armstrong, Phillip↗
DOE OSTI2012

Decision Point 3 of Statement of Project Objectives (SOPO) “Recovery Act: Development of ITM Oxygen Technology for Integration with Advanced Industrial Systems”

Air Products is carrying out a scope of work under Phase 5 of the ITM Oxygen Cooperative Agreement to design, build, and operate a ceramic membrane fabrication facility (the -CerFabII) to enable production of membrane modules to supply a conceptual 2000 ton per day (TPD) ITM Oxygen facility (the -ITM Oxygen Development FacilityII), and to perform supporting development tasks in materials development and engineering development toward industrial, carbon capture and sequestration applications. Air Products is executing this project under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) with the objective to accelerate the adoption of ITM Oxygen technology to help meet the country’s goals for deploying clean power plants. The objective of this Topical Report is to address the requirements of Decision Point 3 (DP3), which pertains to the status of all Tasks within Phase 5 and most notably the project status of the CerFab (Task 30) prior to authorization of funds for equipment purchase and construction of the facility. The intent of the DP3 is to provide the opportunity for DOE-NETL to review the status of these tasks and to make recommendations on forward project direction, including a recommendation to pass into Budget Period 8. In the area of Materials Development, Air Products has specified a high pressure dilatometer system which will enable measurements of material expansion of ITM ceramic compounds at very high oxygen partial pressures consistent with CCS applications. Under Task 28.2, subcontractor Ceramatec has made significant progress since DP2 in materials selection and process development and improvement for advanced architecture module fabrication. Ceramatec has determined a materials specification, and has selected a process for making the material. Ceramatec has further developed and selected the process for applying the membrane to unsintered advanced architecture wafers with a Two Step process. Ceramatec has built submodules meeting leak rate specifications and intact 1-TPD modules compromised of advanced architecture components. Equipment and processes required for implementation of the advanced architecture design in the CerFab have been identified and are included in the Task 30 scope of equipment supply. Under Task 29.0, Air Products has developed conceptual ideas for implementation of ITM Oxygen in a 2000 TPD test unit. These concepts are proposed for scale up of the ITM technology to large scale with reduced commercial risk. Under Task 30, Air Products and Ceramatec have collaborated to re-design the CerFab process with the advanced architecture wafer production process as primary, and laid out the new process in the Tooele building; the required process equipment have been specified. The project team updated the project cost and schedule estimates, including all environmental permit schedules. The team also re-assessed project risk and costs for the commissioning and operating phases of the program. Newly projected costs for the CerFab, for which details are provided here as attachments, indicate a savings of approximately $100,000 relative to the original estimate at the time of Phase 5 contract definitization. However, an assessment of risks associated with the equipment, process, and operations of the CerFab indicate that approximately $2.9 million of costs should be expected to address various issues in the project. In addition, $1.6 million of additional spending is expected relative to the original estimate to operate the facility during Task 30.2. Air Products proposes a plan to re-direct funds from Tasks 28, 29, and 31 to Task 30 as necessary to allow the CerFab to meet the Phase 5 program objectives.

Armstrong, Phillip↗
DOE OSTI2016

Subtask 2.18 - Advancing CO 2 Capture Technology: Partnership for CO 2 Capture (PCO 2 C) Phase III

Industries and utilities continue to investigate ways to decrease their carbon footprint. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) can enable existing power generation facilities to meet the current national CO 2 reduction goals. The Partnership for CO2 Capture Phase III focused on several important research areas in an effort to find ways to decrease the cost of capture across both precombustion and postcombustion platforms. Two flue gas pretreatment technologies for postcombustion capture, an SO 2 reduction scrubbing technology from Cansolv Technologies Inc. and the Tri-Mer filtration technology that combines particulate, NOx, and SO 2 control, were evaluated on the Energy & Environmental Research Center’s (EERC’s) pilot-scale test system. Pretreating the flue gas should enable more efficient, and therefore less expensive, CO 2 capture. Both technologies were found to be effective in pretreating flue gas prior to CO 2 capture. Two new postcombustion capture solvents were tested, one from the Korea Carbon Capture and Sequestration R&D Center (KCRC) and one from CO 2 Solutions Incorporated. Both of these solvents showed the ability to capture CO 2 while requiring less regeneration energy, which would reduce the cost of capture. Hydrogen separation membranes from Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation were evaluated through precombustion testing. They are composed of vanadium alloy, which is less expensive than the palladium alloys that are typically used. Their performance was comparable to that of other membranes that have been tested at the EERC. Aspen Plus® software was used to model the KCRC and CO 2 Solutions solvents and found that they would result in significantly improved overall plant performance. The modeling effort also showed that the parasitic steam load at partial capture of 45% is less than half that of 90% overall capture, indicating savings that could be accrued if 90% capture is not required. Modeling of three regional power plants using the Carnegie Mellon Integrated Environmental Control Model showed that, among other things, the use of a bypass during partial capture may minimize the size of the capture tower(s) and result in a slight reduction in the revenue required to operate the capture facility. The results reinforced that a one-size-fits-all approach cannot be taken to adding capture to a power plant. Laboratory testing indicated that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy could be used to continuously sample stack emissions at CO 2 capture facilities to detect and quantify any residual amine or its degradation products, particularly nitrosamines. The information gathered during Phase III is important for utility stakeholders as they determine how to reduce their CO 2 emissions in a carbon-constrained world. This subtask was funded through the EERC–U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Program on Research and Development for Fossil Energy-Related Resources Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC26-08NT43291. Nonfederal funding was provided by the North Dakota Industrial Commission, PPL Montana, Nebraska Public Power District, Tri-Mer Corporation, Montana–Dakota Utilities Co., Basin Electric Power Cooperative, KCRC/Korean Institute of Energy Research, Cansolv Technologies, and CO 2 Solutions, Inc.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2016

Revisiting Fenton Hill Phase I reservoir creation and stimulation mechanisms through the GTO code comparison effort

A series of experiments performed at the Fenton Hill hot dry rock site after stage 2 drilling of Phase I reservoir provided intriguing field observations on the reservoir’s responses to injection and venting under various conditions. Two teams participating in the US DOE Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO)’s Code Comparison Study (CCS) used different numerical codes to model these five experiments with the objective of inferring the hydraulic stimulation mechanism involved. The codes used by the two teams are based on different numerical principles, and the assumptions made were also different, due to intrinsic limitations in the codes and the modelers’ personal interpretations of the field observations. Both sets of models were able to produce the most important field observations and both found that it was the combination of the vertical gradient of the fracture opening pressure, injection volume, and the use/absence of proppant that yielded the different outcomes of the five experiments.

Fu, Pengcheng↗