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Results for “accelerator simulation”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 865 records · Page 48
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Steep decay of GRB X-ray flares: the results of anisotropic synchrotron radiation

When an emitting spherical shell with a constant Lorentz factor turns off emission abruptly at some radii, its high-latitude emission would obey the relation of α-hat (the temporal index) = 2+ β-hat (the spectral index). However, this relation is violated by the X-ray fares in some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), whose α-hat is much more steeper. We show that the synchrotron radiation should be anisotropic when the angular distribution of accelerated electrons has a preferable orientation, and this anisotropy would naturally lead to a steeper decay for the high-latitude emission if the intrinsic emission is limb-brightened. We use this simple toy model to reproduce the temporal and spectral evolution of X-ray flares. We show that our model can well interpret the steep decay of the X-ray flares in the three GRBs selected as an example. Recent simulations on particle acceleration may support the specific anisotropic distribution of the electrons adopted in our work. Reversely, confirmation of the anisotropy in the radiation would provide meaningful clues to the details of electron acceleration in the emitting region.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Plasma electron hole kinematics. I. Momentum conservation

We analyse the kinematic properties of a plasma electron hole: a non-linear self-sustained localized positive electric potential perturbation, trapping electrons, which behaves as a coherent entity. When a hole accelerates or grows in depth, ion and electron plasma momentum is changed both within the hole and outside, by an energization process we call jetting. We present a comprehensive analytic calculation of the momentum changes of an isolated general one-dimensional hole. The conservation of the total momentum gives the hole's kinematics, determining its velocity evolution. Our results explain many features of the behavior of hole speed observed in numerical simulations, including self-acceleration at formation, and hole pushing and trapping by ion streams.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Parametric analysis of anodic degradation mechanisms for fast charging lithium batteries with graphite anode

In this work, we report the impact of the temperature-driven synergistically-coupled anodic degradation mechanisms on the electrochemical performance of lithium batteries with graphite anode over multiple cycles. Temperature dependence of electrochemical reactions and damage mechanisms, such as solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth, lithium plating/stripping, dead lithium storage/dissolution, and film cracking are incorporated into the degradation model. Results of a parametric analysis are presented, evaluating the effects of charging rates (1–6 C), operating temperatures (-15 – 45°C) and electrode design parameters, on the relative performance fade in the lithium-ion battery. Thermo-electrochemical process maps are developed to provide insights into the relationship between electrode performance and failure mechanisms. The simulation results predict a severe capacity loss due to lithium plating at low temperatures, which is further aggravated at high charging rates. A common strategy for mitigating lithium plating, through charging at high temperatures, also results in rapid capacity loss due to accelerated SEI formation. Simulation results are used to identify the combination of operating conditions and electrode design parameters that improve the electrochemical performance of the battery. These results demonstrate an opportunity to design safe and high-performance lithium-ion batteries, guided by anodic degradation models.

Battery design↗
DOE OSTI2013

GPU accelerated fully space and time resolved numerical simulations of self-focusing laser beams in SBS-active media

A computer cluster equipped with Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) is used for simulating nonlinear optical wave packets undergoing Kerr self-focusing and stimulated Brillouin scattering in fused silica. We first recall the model equations in full (3+1) dimensions. These consist of two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations for counterpropagating optical beams closed with a source equation for light-induced acoustic waves seeded by thermal noise. Compared with simulations on a conventional cluster of Central Processing Units (CPUs), GPU-based computations allow us to use a significant (16 times) larger number of mesh points within similar computation times. Reciprocally, simulations employing the same number of mesh points are between 3 and 20 times faster on GPUs than on the same number of classical CPUs. Performance speedups close to 45 are reported for isolated functions evaluating, e.g., the optical nonlinearities. Since the field intensities may reach the ionization threshold of silica, the action of a defocusing electron plasma is also addressed.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Accelerating Lipidomic Method Development through in Silico Simulation

Judicious selection of mass spectrometry (MS) acquisition parameters is essential for effectively profiling the broad diversity and dynamic range of biomolecules. Typically, acquisition parameters are individually optimized to maximally characterize analytes from each new sample matrix. This time-consuming process often ignores the synergistic relationship between MS method parameters, producing suboptimal results. Here in this paper, we detail the creation of an algorithm which accurately simulates LC-MS/MS lipidomic data acquisition performance for a benchtop quadrupole-Orbitrap MS system. By coupling this simulation tool with a genetic algorithm for constrained parameter optimization, we demonstrate the efficient identification of LC-MS/MS method parameter sets individually suited for specific sample matrices. Finally, we utilize the in silico simulation to examine how continued developments in MS acquisition speed and sensitivity will further increase the power of MS lipidomics as a vital tool for impactful biochemical analysis.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Mechanisms of Ethylene Epoxidation over Silver from Machine Learning-Accelerated First-Principles Modeling and Microkinetic Simulations

In this work we employed machine learning-augmented density functional theory (DFT) thermodynamic calculations to assess the stability of different AgO x structures under catalytic ethylene epoxidation reaction conditions. We found that there are multiple AgO x surface motifs that could co-exist under the relevant conditions. These included Ag surface oxides (e.g., AgO_p(4 × 4) and Ag 1.83 O) and atomic oxygen-covered Ag(111) surfaces. Furthermore, we employed DFT calculations to evaluate the energetics of different reaction mechanisms by which ethylene and oxygen can react on these surfaces. These studies revealed several energetically viable reaction pathways for ethylene epoxidation. Microkinetic modeling analyses, based on the DFT-calculated reaction pathways, showed that ethylene epoxidation can proceed on all surfaces and that multiple pathways, including those involving Langmuir–Hinshelwood and Eley–Rideal mechanisms, could be involved in selective and unselective reactions. The diversity of mechanisms that we discovered in the context of the relatively simple ethylene epoxidation reaction on Ag suggests that the richness and complexity of surface chemistry are most likely a rule rather than an exception in heterogeneous catalytic chemical transformations on metal surfaces and that the concept of a single or even a dominant mechanism and reaction intermediates might need to be revisited for many reactions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Double relativistic electron-accelerating mirror

A numerical simulation of the interaction of a laser pulse with ultrathin targets has revealed a possibility of generating thin dense relativistic electron layers. The maximum kinetic energy of the electron mirror can be gained using an optimal combination of the target thickness and the laser pulse intensity and duration. It is proposed to use an additional (second) laser target, located at an optimal distance from the first target to cut off the laser pulse from the electron layer when the latter gains a maximum kinetic energy. This relativistic electron mirror can be used for efficient generation of 'hard' coherent radiation via counter reflection of an additional (probe) laser pulse from the mirror. (interaction of laser radiation with matter. laser plasma)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Monoenergetic Ion Beam Generation by Driving Ion Solitary Waves with Circularly Polarized Laser Light

Experimental data from the Trident Laser facility is presented showing quasimonoenergetic carbon ions from nm-scaled foil targets with an energy spread of as low as {+-}15% at 35 MeV. These results and high-resolution kinetic simulations show laser acceleration of quasimonoenergetic ion beams by the generation of ion solitons with circularly polarized laser pulses (500 fs, {lambda}=1054 nm). The conversion efficiency into monoenergetic ions is increased by an order of magnitude compared with previous experimental results, representing an important step towards applications such as ion fast ignition.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Accelerating a 3D Finite-Difference Earthquake Simulation with a C-to-CUDA Translator

GPUs provide impressive computing power, but GPU programming can be challenging. Here, an experience in porting real-world earthquake code to Nvidia GPUs is described. Specifically, an annotation-based programming model, called Mint, and its accompanying source-to-source translator are used to automatically generate CUDA source code and simplify the exploration of performance tradeoffs.

Computer Science↗