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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 865 records · Page 48
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Preliminary Evaluation of Loading DOE Standard Canisters in the INL CPP-603 Irradiated Fuel Storage Facility - 20543

This paper looks at the equipment and operations necessary to load United States Department of Energy (DOE)-owned Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) into DOE Standard Canisters in the CPP-603 Irradiated Fuel Storage Facility (IFSF) in the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) area at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). Two types of fuels are looked at in this evaluation: Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) fuel (uranium-aluminide fuel with aluminum cladding) and Peach Bottom fuel (thorium-uranium carbide fuel in a graphite matrix). The fuel ready for loading would come from fuel storage canisters in the CPP-603 facility. The paper describes the facility, the fuel types, the DOE Standard Canisters, and existing equipment; lists the needed loading operations; reviews facility features and equipment to perform the operations; and then lists the decisions, analyses, designs, demonstrations, and modifications that will be needed to perform the loading of DOE-owned SNF into DOE Standard Canisters in the CPP-603 IFSF. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Cracking in first ramp to power of standard versus high thermal conductivity UO2 pellets via internal nuclear heating

Advanced fuel designs that incorporate thinner fuel UO2 pellets interspaced by high thermal conductivity inserts have been proposed, with the primary goals of reducing peak centerline temperatures and temperature gradients across fuel pellets and enhancing heat transfer from the fuel to the coolant. An initial series of experiments has been performed on this design, including laboratory experiments and a series of experiments using the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Transient Reactor Test (TREAT) Facility, the latter of which compared thermal gradient driven fracture of standard pellet designs with that in the proposed advanced fuel design. Although reducing fracture is not the primary objective of the new fuel design, the lower thermal gradients are expected to reduce fracture, so it can serve as an indicator of the thermal behavior of this fuel in the reactor. The in-reactor tests were conducted at multiple linear heat generation rates and confirm the expected result that fracture in both the standard and advanced fuel pellets occurs during the first ramp to power in standard light-water reactor conditions. Post-irradiation examination of the experiment material was performed and included quantification of the extent of fracture in the fuel pellets. It was found that the advanced-design pellets reduce the extent of fracture in a statistically significant way. This confirms the expected behavior predicted by two-dimensional axisymmetric models of this experiment. This study is an important first experimental confirmation of the efficacy of the proposed inserts for achieving their desired effect on the thermal behavior of the fuel.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

A new algae technical standards focus group: Summarizing and guiding the algae state of the art

The value proposition of algae technical metrics was the subject of a recent, industry-led, Focus Group interactive discussion. The interactive platform allowed for real time capturing and priority ranking of the topics that are deemed critical challenges for a future successful algae-based bioeconomy. This work ultimately sets the stage for providing guidance, methods, and standard reference materials tailored to respective algae industry segments for the cultivation, processing and marketing of high-quality and safe algae-based products. The group solicits input from the broader algae community on the value proposition and presents a case here to build a consensus around algae-specific metrics. The value proposition of technical standards to the industry is that guidance obtained through these collaborations builds producers' and consumers' trust that algae and algae-derived products are safe, reliable, and may allow for expanded market access, and increased competitiveness and international trade.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2004

International Space Data Systems Standardization: Overview

Standardization of products and services is the only way world Space Agencies and their providers can achieve substantial reduction in development and operations cost. Current and future CCSDS tasks will continue to center around providing tools for it to happen. NASA and other Space Agencies welcome efforts of companies and technology and standards organizations to provide our missions with even more tools to succeed.

space data systems standards↗
NASA NTRS2022

The Standardization of In-space and Surface Docking Systems

The International Docking System Standard (IDSS) was developed and establish to aid on-orbit crew rescue and joint operations between different spacecraft. For the International Space Station (ISS), the IDSS has successfully enabled Global interoperability for Commercial Crew and it is now being extended to the Artemis campaign. Similarly, as more companies, agencies, and nations announce their intentions to explore and occupy Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Cis-Lunar space, including the Lunar surface, it is a natural supposition that new, vehicle interface standards will be required to support the build-up of infrastructure for campaign-based exploration or permanent occupation by national and multi-national Agencies, Industries, and Companies. A surface version of the IDSS, a.k.a. IDSS-Surface (IDSS-S), is under consideration at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) by the docking discipline leads responsible for the leadership of technical development and negotiation of the original IDSS over a decade ago. The IDSS-S, like its predecessor, will ultimately detail the physical geometric mating interface and design load requirements to ensure physical interoperability and to support a broad set of design reference missions which, if accommodated, increases the probability of successful Lunar surface docking between different modules enabling the accessibility and inclusivity required for multi-national, sustainable Lunar exploration.

Docking↗
DOE OSTI2023

Higher Flavor Symmetries in the Standard Model

Abstract A study of the generalized global flavor symmetries of the Standard Model is initiated. The presence of nonzero triangle diagrams between the U (3) 5 flavor currents and the hypercharge current intertwines them in the form of a higher‐group which mixes the zero‐form flavor symmetries with the one‐form magnetic hypercharge symmetry. This higher symmetry structure greatly restricts the possible flavor symmetries that may remain unbroken in any ultraviolet completion that includes magnetic monopoles. In the context of unification, this implies tight constraints on the combinations of fermion species which may be joined into multiplets. Three of four elementary possibilities are reflected in the classic unification models of Georgi–Glashow, , and Pati–Salam. The final pattern is realized non‐trivially in trinification, which exhibits the sense in which Standard Model Yukawa couplings which violate these flavor symmetries may be thought of as spurions of the higher‐group. Such modifications of the ultraviolet flavor symmetries are possible only if new vector‐like matter is introduced with masses suppressed from the unification scale by the Yukawa couplings.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Importance of Sample Handling and Preparation for Surface Analysis: A Summary of ISO Standard 20579 Part 1, Documenting and Reporting the Handling of Specimens Prior to Analysis

Reliable and reproducible analysis of surfaces is critically dependent on how samples have been collected, handled, and prepared before analysis. Although there are important, well-established general guidelines to minimize unintended alteration of the surfaces to be analyzed, specific handling steps depend on the nature of the samples and information desired. Assessments of the validity and reliability of the results require adequate information about sampling, handling, and processing. ISO standard 20579 part 1 describes the information to be recorded and reported for samples that are prepared or submitted for surface analysis. This paper summarizes elements of the standard, which includes annexes that justify and inform the sample handling processes. Also included is a checklist of information that needs to be recorded and reported and an appendix containing an example of a form that might be used to report the information.

AES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Non-standard interactions in radiative neutrino mass models

Models of radiative Majorana neutrino masses require new scalars and/or fermions to induce lepton-number-violating interactions. We show that these new particles also generate observable neutrino non-standard interactions (NSI) with matter. We classify radiative models as type-I or II, with type-I models containing at least one Standard Model (SM) particle inside the loop diagram generating neutrino mass, and type-II models having no SM particle inside the loop. While type-II radiative models do not generate NSI at tree-level, popular models which fall under the type-I category are shown, somewhat surprisingly, to generate observable NSI at tree-level, while being consistent with direct and indirect constraints from colliders, electroweak precision data and charged-lepton flavor violation (cLFV). We survey such models where neutrino masses arise at one, two and three loops. In the prototypical Zee model which generates neutrino masses via one-loop diagrams involving charged scalars, we find that diagonal NSI can be as large as (8%, 3.8%, 9.3%) for (ε$_{ee}$, ε$_{μμ}$, ε$_{ττ}$), while off-diagonal NSI can be at most (10$^{–3}$%, 0.56%, 0.34%) for (ε$_{eμ}$, ε$_{eτ}$, ε$_{μτ}$). In one-loop neutrino mass models using leptoquarks (LQs), (ε$_{μμ}$, ε$_{ττ}$) can be as large as (21.6%, 51.7%), while ε$_{ee}$ and (ε$_{eμ}$, ε$_{eτ}$, ε$_{μτ}$) can at most be 0.6%. Other two- and three-loop LQ models are found to give NSI of similar strength. The most stringent constraints on the diagonal NSI are found to come from neutrino oscillation and scattering experiments, while the off-diagonal NSI are mostly constrained by low-energy processes, such as atomic parity violation and cLFV. We also comment on the future sensitivity of these radiative models in long-baseline neutrino experiments, such as DUNE. While our analysis is focused on radiative neutrino mass models, it essentially covers all NSI possibilities with heavy mediators.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Search for physics beyond the standard model in multilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV

A search for physics beyond the standard model in events with at least three charged leptons (electrons or muons) is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{−1}$ of proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016–2018. The two targeted signal processes are pair production of type-III seesaw heavy fermions and production of a light scalar or pseudoscalar boson in association with a pair of top quarks. The heavy fermions may be manifested as an excess of events with large values of leptonic transverse momenta or missing transverse momentum. The light scalars or pseudoscalars may create a localized excess in the dilepton mass spectra. The results exclude heavy fermions of the type-III seesaw model for masses below 880 GeV at 95% confidence level in the scenario of equal branching fractions to each lepton flavor. This is the most restrictive limit on the flavor-democratic scenario of the type-III seesaw model to date. Assuming a Yukawa coupling of unit strength to top quarks, branching fractions of new scalar (pseudoscalar) bosons to dielectrons or dimuons above 0.004 (0.03) and 0.04 (0.03) are excluded at 95% confidence level for masses in the range 15–75 and 108–340 GeV, respectively. These are the first limits in these channels on an extension of the standard model with scalar or pseudoscalar particles.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Non-standard neutrino interactions in light mediator models at reactor experiments

Compared to other neutrino sources, the huge anti-neutrino fluxes at nuclear reactor based experiments empower us to derive stronger bounds on non-standard interactions of neutrinos with electrons mediated by light scalar/vector mediators. At neutrino energy around 200 keV reactor anti-neutrino flux is at least an order of magnitude larger compared to the solar flux. The atomic and crystal form factors of the detector materials related to the details of the atomic structure becomes relevant at this energy scale as the momentum transfers would be small. Non-standard neutrino-electron interaction mediated by light scalar/vector mediator arises naturally in many low-scale models. We also propose one such new model with a light scalar mediator. Here, we investigate the parameter space of such low-scale models in reactor based neutrino experiments with low threshold Ge and Si detectors, and find the prospect of probing/ruling out the relevant parameter space by finding the projected sensitivity at 90% confidence level by performing a $χ$ 2 -analysis. We find that a detector capable of discriminating between electron recoil and nuclear recoil signal down to a very low threshold such as 5 eV placed in reactor based experiment would be able to probe a larger region in parameter space compared to the previously explored region. A Ge (Si) detector with 10 kg-yr exposure and 1 MW reactor anti-neutrino flux would be able to probe the scalar and vector mediators with masses below 1 keV for coupling products $\sqrt{g_vg_e}$ ~ 1 × 10 -6 (9.5 × 10 -7 ) and 1 × 10 -7 (8 × 10 -8 ), respectively.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Search for Higgs boson decays to beyond-the-Standard-Model light bosons in four-lepton events with the ATLAS detector at $ \sqrt{s}=13 $ TeV

A search is conducted for a beyond-the-Standard-Model boson using events where a Higgs boson with mass 125 GeV decays to four leptons (ℓ = e or μ). This decay is presumed to occur via an intermediate state which contains one or two on-shell, promptly decaying bosons: H → ZX/XX → 4ℓ, where X is a new vector boson Z d or pseudoscalar a with mass between 1 and 60 GeV. The search uses pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb -1 at a centre-of-mass energy s√=13 TeV. No significant excess of events above Standard Model background predictions is observed; therefore, upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on modelindependent fiducial cross-sections, and on the Higgs boson decay branching ratios to vector and pseudoscalar bosons in two benchmark models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Search for beyond the standard model Higgs bosons decaying into a $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ pair in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=13 $ TeV

A search for Higgs bosons that decay into a bottom quark-antiquark pair and are accompanied by at least one additional bottom quark is performed with the CMS detector. The data analyzed were recorded in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.7 fb$^{-1}$. The final state considered in this analysis is particularly sensitive to signatures of a Higgs sector beyond the standard model, as predicted in the generic class of two Higgs doublet models (2HDMs). No signal above the standard model background expectation is observed. Stringent upper limits on the cross section times branching fraction are set for Higgs bosons with masses up to 130 GeV. Lastly, the results are interpreted within several MSSM and 2HDM scenarios.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Trace impurity analysis in uranium oxide via hybrid quantification techniques—gravimetric standard addition and isotope dilution mass spectrometry

Measurement methods for the analysis of trace impurities in uranium materials, essential in nuclear fuel production and nuclear forensics, are continuously improving. Analytical methods were developed with the goal of lowering uncertainties of next generation certified uranium oxide reference materials for trace impurity concentrations. Through addition of a traceable standard directly into the sample, gravimetric standard addition and isotope dilution followed by analysis on an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer can achieve lower uncertainties. In conclusion, results for 28 impurities in CRM 124-1 and 124-6 from NBL Program Office were used for validation of accuracy and comparisons of uncertainties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Visual Brick model authoring tool for building metadata standardization

In this study, the Brick ontology is a unified semantic metadata standard for building assets and their relationships, serving as a key enabler for effective interoperability and automation of building systems and analytics. However, creating a Brick model, in other words, standard semantic metadata based on the Brick ontology for a building dataset, can be a complex task. This paper presents two case studies of the creation of Brick models for real-world residential and commercial building datasets, highlighting the challenges during the Brick model creation process. Additionally, the paper introduces VizBrick, an interactive authoring tool for creating semantic building metadata. VizBrick facilitates the creation of Brick models by providing an intuitive visual interface and interactive capabilities, such as keyword search, automatic mapping suggestions, and recommendations. The use of VizBrick is shown to significantly reduce the time and effort required during the Brick model creation process.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Sources of Li isotope bias during SIMS analysis of standard glasses

The 7 Li/ 6 Li ratios in fourteen USGS, MPI-DING, and NIST glass reference materials (RMs) were analyzed by LG-SIMS to assess compositional matrix effects, evaluate RM δ 7 Li homogeneity, and calculate the useful yield of lithium in silicate glasses. The analyzed RMs cover a range of SiO 2 contents from 45.5 to 75.6% (komatiite to rhyolite), the largest compositional range yet evaluated for δ 7 Li matrix effects. We observe a matrix-induced bias (matrix effect) of up to 18‰ over the studied range that linearly correlates with SiO 2 content, demonstrating that SiO 2 content is a critical factor that must be considered when using silicate glasses to standardize for silicate samples of unknown δ 7 Li composition. All RMs were found to be sufficiently reproducible to aid in standardization of variable SiO 2 contents and appear isotopically homogeneous at the precision of our measurements. Lithium ionizes very efficiently in these RMs, with measurable yields >5% in all fused-rock RMs and >15% in low SiO 2 fused-rock RMs measured at high beam intensities. Finally, fused-rock RMs ionize lithium 2-3x more efficiently than synthetic glass RMs, which may be related to differences in major oxide chemistry and the reduced nature of the synthetic glasses relative to their fused counterparts.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Advances in building data management for building performance standards using the SEED platform

Reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the built environment is a critical step in achieving emission goals to mitigate climate change impacts. Local, federal, and international jurisdictions are deploying several methods to reduce energy and emissions such as voluntary and mandatory benchmarking and building performance standards, requiring building owners to reach energy and emission targets. Jurisdictions leveraging benchmarking and building performance standards require knowledge of the buildings covered; which is a large task due to staffing constraints, limited information on building characteristics and tax parcel data, and the need for advanced data management techniques to align datasets. This paper describes an open-source platform's recent advances to create consistent taxonomies, identify erroneous data, enable auditability, and track building performance. The paper concludes with two use cases on how the platform has been used by jurisdictions.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Trends and limits of CO 2 capture in solid and liquid sorbents at standard conditions

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) plays a critical role in achieving climate change mitigation targets, offering a pathway to decarbonize power generation, industrial processes, and heat production while addressing atmospheric CO 2 removal. While CCS technologies are technically advanced, the widespread adoption of 100 % CO 2 capture capacities such as 1 mol of CO 2 /mol of material and 1 g CO 2 /g storage (targeted by the DARPA, Defense Sciences Office, USA Govt.) has raised questions about the feasibility of achieving higher capture capacities. In the context of limiting global warming to 1.5°C, reaching 100 % CO 2 capture capacity is increasingly necessary, with residual emissions requiring complementary carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. This review exclusively focuses on the CO 2 capture capacities of various sorbents under standard conditions, using different evaluation metrics. This study explores the performance of solid and liquid sorbents under standard conditions, analyzing factors including surface area, pore structure, solvent type, and functionalization to identify materials optimized for industrial-scale CCS applications. Emerging sorbents, including ILs, MOFs, COFs, POPs, DES, RCC, hybrid materials, and reactive sorbents, offer significant potential for enhanced selectivity and energy-efficient regeneration. Through a systematic assessment of gravimetric, volumetric, and molar capacities, the study provides insights into material efficiencies and trade-offs, offering guidance on optimizing sorbent selection for specific applications. The research advances understanding of scalable CCS technologies, contributing to global efforts to achieve net-zero emissions and address the pressing challenge of climate change.

Absorption↗
DOE OSTI2023

Cohort-based learning for microbiome research community standards

Microbiome data standards are key to enabling data reuse, yet awareness and community adoption continue to be significant barriers to their broad implementation. The National Microbiome Data Collaborative launched an Ambassador Program based around a community learning model to broaden foundational knowledge and technical skills regarding microbiome metadata standards and best practices in data stewardship.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗